The other intestinal protozoa: Enteric infections caused by Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, and Dientamoeba fragilis

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hotez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Enteric Infections

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoan Morphology in Human Fecal Specimens Preserved in EcoFix: Comparison of Wheatley’s Trichrome Stain and EcoStain

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1974-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne S. Garcia ◽  
Robyn Y. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Color Differences

As a result of disposal problems related to the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have switched from mercuric chloride-based Schaudinn’s and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stool preservatives to other, non-mercury-based preservatives. A comparison of organism recoveries and morphologies of the intestinal protozoa was undertaken with PVA containing the EcoFix zinc-based Schaudinn’s preservative (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.); both Wheatley’s modification of Gomori’s trichrome stain (WT) and EcoStain (ES) were used to stain 51 human fecal specimens. Morphology, clarity of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail, overall color differences, and the ease or difficulty in detecting intestinal protozoa in fecal debris were assessed for the two permanent stained smears. Overall, organism morphology of the intestinal protozoa stained with WT and that of protozoa stained with ES were not equal in nuclear and cytoplasmic detail or range of color. However, the same organisms were identified in stained fecal smears with either WT or ES, with the exception of situations in which organism numbers were characterized as rare. Included were 67 protozoan challenges (number of organisms): Entamoeba histolytica-Entamoeba dispar (5), Entamoeba coli (9),Entamoeba hartmanni (6), Endolimax nana (12),Iodamoeba bütschlii (8), Blastocystis hominis (19), Giardia lamblia (6), Dientamoeba fragilis (2), yeast (2), and leukocytes (2). Five specimens were negative for parasites but contained fecal debris that was compared for morphologic detail and color range. The ES produces a more gray-green monotone with very little pink or red tone; contrast among the various colors is less than that seen with WT. Stain intensity for all organisms was acceptable, and there were no problems with stain deposition. The quality of the protozoan morphology with ES was often comparable to that with WT (36 of 67 [53.7%]) and, in some cases, better (24 of 67 [35.8%]). Organisms on the WT-stained smear exhibited better morphology in a few instances (4 of 67 [6%]), and in three instances, there were discrepant organism numbers.

Irritable bowel syndrome in Egyptian patients: plausible risk factors and association with intestinal protozoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza I Salem ◽  
Hend A El-Taweel ◽  
Marwa A Madkour ◽  
Naglaa F Abd El-Latif ◽  
Ebtesam S Abd-Elrazeq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Group I ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not yet clear. Our study suggested parasitic infection and other plausible risk factors among Egyptian IBS patients. We studied 40 IBS patients diagnosed according to Rome III criteria (Group I), 40 with other gastrointestinal symptoms (Group II) and 40 healthy controls (Group III). Stool samples were examined using direct wet smear, sedimentation technique, trichrome stain and immune-chromatographic tests for Cryptosporidium parvum. IBS patients displayed a significantly greater percentage of Blastocystis hominis infection (45%) than non-IBS patients (20%) and healthy controls (10%). Dientamoeba fragilis was identified in two IBS patients. Detection of B. hominis was independent of demographic characters, IBS subtype, Helicobacter pylori infection or medications, but with a positive association with a history of antibiotic intake with IBS.

Anti-Protozoal Enema Treatment for Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis: Does Volume Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S62-S63
Author(s):  
Antoinette Le Busque ◽  
Anoja W. Gunaratne ◽  
Manvendra Saxena ◽  
Denise Pilarinos ◽  
Priya Maistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis

scholarly journals Detection of Dientamoeba fragilis in patients with HIV/AIDS by using a simplified iron hematoxylin technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alves Garcia ◽  
Sergio Cimerman
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Injectable Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

INTRODUCTION: Studies strongly indicate Dientamoeba fragilis as one of the causes of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. METHODS: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of D. fragilis associated with the causes of diarrhea in 82 HIV/ AIDS patients hospitalized at the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas from September 2006 to November 2008. RESULTS: In total, 105 samples were collected from 82 patients. Unprotected sex was the most frequent cause of HIV infection (46.3%), followed by the use of injectable or non-injectable drugs (14.6%). Patients presented with viral loads of 49-750,000 copies/ mL (average: 73,849 ± 124,850 copies/mL) and CD4 counts ranging of 2-1,306 cells/mm³ (average: 159 ± 250 cells/mm³). On an average, the odds of obtaining a positive result by using the other techniques (Hoffman, Pons and Janer or Lutz; Ritchie) were 2.7 times higher than the chance of obtaining a positive result by using the simplified iron hematoxylin method. Significant differences were found between the methods (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The other techniques can detect a significantly greater amount of parasites than the simplified iron hematoxylin method, especially with respect to Isospora belli, Cryptosporidium sp., Schistosoma mansoni, and Strongyloides stercoralis, which were not detected using hematoxylin. Endolimax nana and D. fragilis were detected more frequently on using hematoxylin, and the only parasite not found by the other methods was D. fragilis.

The changing panorama of bacterial enteric infections

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. STEIN-ZAMIR ◽  
H. SHOOB ◽  
N. ABRAMSON ◽  
G. ZENTNER ◽  
V. AGMON
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Enteric Infections

SUMMARYWe studied the age-specific population-based incidence of bacterial enteric infections caused by Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter, in Jerusalem. During 1990–2008, 32 408 cases were reported (incidence rate 232·1/100 000 per annum). The patterns of Shigella (47·4% of cases), Salmonella (34·4%) and Campylobacter (18·2%) infections evolved noticeably. Campylobacter rates increased from 15·0 to 110·8/100 000 per annum. Salmonella rates increased from 74·2 to 199·6/100 000 in 1995 then decreased to 39·4/100 000. Shigella showed an endemic/epidemic pattern ranging between 19·7 and 252·8/100 000. Most patients (75%) were aged <15 years; children aged <5 years comprised 56·4% of cases, despite accounting for only 12·9% of the population. Campylobacter was the predominant organism in infants aged <1 year and Shigella in the 1–4 years group. The hospitalization rates were: Shigella, 1·8%; Campylobacter, 2·3%; Salmonella, 6·9%. Infants were 2·2 times more likely to be hospitalized than children aged 1–14 years (P=0·001). Household transmission occurred in 21·2% of Shigella cases compared with 5% in the other bacteria.

scholarly journals Profil dan Prevalensi Blastocystis hominis di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ronny - ◽  
Nadia L. Destifani ◽  
Edho Yuwono ◽  
Forman E. Siagian ◽  
Retno Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Hominis Infection ◽  
Age Range

Abstrak Blastocystis hominis merupakan emerging disease yang terdistribusi luas di dunia, dengan prevalensi 10% di negara maju hingga 60% di negara berkembang. Perannya sebagai mikroorganisme patogen masih kontroversial. Diduga angka kejadian B. hominis lebih banyak didapatkan pada curah hujan yang rendah dan daerah tropis/ sub-tropis. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui prevalensi, profil B. hominis di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia, serta hubungan antara angka kejadian infeksi B. hominis dengan curah hujan dan kelembaban pada musim penghujan dan kemarau. Penelitian potong lintang deksriptif berdasarkan data pemeriksaan feses di Laboratorium Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia selama 20 tahun sejak Januari 2000 sampai dengan Desember 2019. Sampel feses diperiksa dari sediaan basah dengan pewarnaan eosin dan lugol, dan hasilnya dilaporkan dengan sistem skoring semi kuantitatif. Data curah hujan dan kelembaban didapatkan dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Stasiun Meteorologi Kemayoran Jakarta.Didapatkan 3270 sampel, dengan hasil sampel positif B. hominissebanyak 440 sampel (14%), Prevalensi pada perempuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki dan terbanyak pada kelompok usia 21-60 tahun (67,4%). Persentase tertinggi ditemukan pada feses dengan konsistensi cair. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara prevalensi infeksi B. hominis dengan curah hujan (P=0,285) dan kelembaban (P=0,204).   Kata kunci: prevalensi, konsistensi, curah hujan, kelembaban, musim   Profile and Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis at Parasitology Laboratory, Medical Faculty Universitas Kristen Indonesia   Abstract Blastocystis hominis is an emerging disease that is widely distributed in the world, with a prevalence of 10% in developed countries to 60% in developing countries. Its role as a pathogen is still controversial. It is suspected that the incidence of B. hominis is mostly found in low rainfall and tropical/ sub-tropical areas. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and profile of B. hominis in the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.and the relationship between incidence of B. hominisinfection with rainfall and humidity in the rainy and dry seasons.This descriptive cross-sectional study was based on fecal examination data at the FK UKI Parasitology Laboratory for 20 years. from January 2000 to December 2019. Stool examination was carried out by making eosin and lugol wet preparations to examine intestinal protozoa, and the results were reported using a semi-quantitative scoring system.Rainfall and humidity data are obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency of the Stasiun MeteorologiKemayoran, Jakarta. As many as3270 samples were obtained, feses with B. hominis positive results was 440 samples (14%). Based on gender, 53.1% of B. hominisinfected were women and most patients were found in the age range from 21 to 60 years (67.4%). The highest percentage was found in watery stool. There was no statistically significant between the prevalence of B. hominis infection with rainfall (p= 0.285) and humidity (p= 0.204).   Key words: prevalence, consistency, rainfall, humidity, season

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN DETEKSI Blastocystis hominis DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN MIKROSKOPIS DAN PEMERIKSAAN COPRO ELISA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuti Muflihatun ◽  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Greta J. P. Wahongan
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Digestive Tract ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract: Blastocystis hominis is a frequent intestinal protozoa found in human digestive tract that causes Blastocystosis disease. The prevalence of B. hominis was reported in Indonesia about 60%. Blastocystis pose considerable challenges for diagnostic laboratories. Microscopic examination is a "gold standard" for detecting B. hominis but it is still difficult in some common laboratories, thus an alternative method is necessary. Another alternative examination to detect B. hominis is ELISA by detecting Blastocystis antigen in feces. This study aimed to compare the detection of Blastocystis hominis with microscopic examination and copro ELISA. This was an analytic diagnostic test. The population of this study was children who suffered from diarrhea. Samples were 33 stools of children suspected of having B. hominis. The results showed that from 33 samples through microscopic examination, positive results obtained 12 samples (36.4%) and 21 negative samples (63.6%). Meanwhile, through copro ELISA positive results obtained in 13 samples (39.4%) and 20 negative samples (60.6%). After diagnostic test, sensitivity values obtained 100%, specificity 95%, positive predictive value 92%, and negative predictive value of 100%. By using the Chi- square test with α 5% (0.05) then the microscopic value p = 0.117 > 0.05 and copro ELISA p = 0.223 > 0.05. It can be interpreted that there is no significant difference in the detection of Blastocystis hominis with microscopic examination and copro ELISA.Keywords: blastocystis hominis, microscopic examination, copro ELISA.Abstrak: Blastocystis hominis merupakan salah satu protozoa usus yang sering ditemukan di saluran cerna manusia yang menyebabkan penyakit Blastocystosis. Prevalensi B. hominis dilaporkan di lndonesia sebesar 60%. Blastocystis menimbulkan tantangan yang cukup besar untuk diagnostik laboratorium. Pemeriksaan mikroskopis merupakan metode "standar emas" untuk mendeteksi B.hominis namun masih sulit dilakukan dibeberapa laboratorium umum sehingga diperlukan suatu metode diagnosis laboratorium alternatif. Pemeriksaan alternatif lain untuk mendeteksi B.hominis yaitu dengan pemeriksaan ELISA untuk mendeteksi antigen Blastocystis dalam tinja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan deteksi Blastocystis hominis dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan pemeriksaan copro ELISA. Metode penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan uji diagnostik. Populasi penelitian ini ialah anak yang menderita diare, dan 33 tinja anak dicurigai menderita Blastocystis hominis sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 33 sampel melalui pemeriksaan mikroskopis didapatkan hasil positif 12 sampel (36,4%) dan negatif 21 sampel (63,6%) sedangkan melalui pemeriksaan copro ELISA didapatkan hasil positif 13 sampel (39,4%) dan hasil negatif 20 sampel (60,6%). Setelah dilakukan uji diagnosis diperoleh nilai sensitivitas 100%, spesifitas 95%, nilai prediktif positif 92%, dan nilai prediktif negatif 100%. Dengan menggunakan Chisquare test menggunakan α sebesar 5% (0,05) maka nilai mikroskopis p = 0,117> 0,05 dan Copro ELISA p = 0,223> 0,05 . Hal ini dapat diintepretasikan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna deteksi Blastocystis hominis dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan pemeriksaan Copro ELISA.Kata kunci: blastocystis hominis, pemeriksaan mikroskopis, pemeriksaan copro ELISA

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