scholarly journals Evaluation of Intestinal Protozoan Morphology in Human Fecal Specimens Preserved in EcoFix: Comparison of Wheatley’s Trichrome Stain and EcoStain

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1974-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne S. Garcia ◽  
Robyn Y. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Dientamoeba Fragilis ◽  
Color Differences

As a result of disposal problems related to the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have switched from mercuric chloride-based Schaudinn’s and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stool preservatives to other, non-mercury-based preservatives. A comparison of organism recoveries and morphologies of the intestinal protozoa was undertaken with PVA containing the EcoFix zinc-based Schaudinn’s preservative (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.); both Wheatley’s modification of Gomori’s trichrome stain (WT) and EcoStain (ES) were used to stain 51 human fecal specimens. Morphology, clarity of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail, overall color differences, and the ease or difficulty in detecting intestinal protozoa in fecal debris were assessed for the two permanent stained smears. Overall, organism morphology of the intestinal protozoa stained with WT and that of protozoa stained with ES were not equal in nuclear and cytoplasmic detail or range of color. However, the same organisms were identified in stained fecal smears with either WT or ES, with the exception of situations in which organism numbers were characterized as rare. Included were 67 protozoan challenges (number of organisms): Entamoeba histolytica-Entamoeba dispar (5), Entamoeba coli (9),Entamoeba hartmanni (6), Endolimax nana (12),Iodamoeba bütschlii (8), Blastocystis hominis (19), Giardia lamblia (6), Dientamoeba fragilis (2), yeast (2), and leukocytes (2). Five specimens were negative for parasites but contained fecal debris that was compared for morphologic detail and color range. The ES produces a more gray-green monotone with very little pink or red tone; contrast among the various colors is less than that seen with WT. Stain intensity for all organisms was acceptable, and there were no problems with stain deposition. The quality of the protozoan morphology with ES was often comparable to that with WT (36 of 67 [53.7%]) and, in some cases, better (24 of 67 [35.8%]). Organisms on the WT-stained smear exhibited better morphology in a few instances (4 of 67 [6%]), and in three instances, there were discrepant organism numbers.

scholarly journals Detection of Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in children with acute diarrhea and severe dehydration in Rio de Janeiro

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves ◽  
Sandra Laranjeira Lassance ◽  
Carla Pontes de Albuquerque ◽  
José Paulo Gagliardi Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Stool Samples

The objective of the present study was to estimate the frequency of infection by Cryptosporidium spp and other intestinal parasites in dehydrated children with gastroenteritis who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. Stool examinations from 218 children were performed. Cryptosporidium spp was identified in eighteen out of 193 stool samples (9.3%) subjected to safranin-methylene blue staining. Giardia lamblia was detected in ten out of 213 (4.7%) samples examined via the direct or Ritchie methods. Other parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (4.2%), Blastocystis hominis (1.4%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%), Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (0.5%), Endolimax nana (0.5%), Trichuris trichiura (0.5%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.5%).

scholarly journals Intestinal Protozoan Parasitosis in 4- and 11-year-old Children in Cunduana Community, Riobamba Canton, Chimborazo, June 2019 June

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Inca Martínez ◽  
Martha Cecilia Bonilla Caicedo ◽  
Silvana Paola Ocaña Coello
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Physiological Serum

Introduction: Parasitosis is a public health problem that affects millions of people, school-age children are more vulnerable, affects their physical and intellectual development, are transmitted by fecal-oral route, and is associated with poor hygienic and sanitary conditions. In Ecuador they constitute the second reason for medical consultation. Objective: To contribute to the epidemiological knowledge of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa in our environment. Methodology: An experimental descriptive study, with a universe of 80 children, obtaining 55 samples, a direct examination was carried out in preparations with physiological serum and lugol, identifying the parasites by their microscopic morphology. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis by protozoa was 78.18%, while for the parasites Endolimax nana 30.9% Entamoeba histolytica, 34.5% and Giardia lamblia 14.5%. 40%  of the participants were monoparasitized and 38.2% had polyparasitosis. Conclusion: High prevalence of parasitosis by intestinal protozoa was determined in the children of the Unit with 78.18%. The most prevalent ameboid protozoan was E. nana, followed by the pathogenic protozoan E. histolytica, while G. lamblia was flagellated protozoan identified. The lack of adequate sanitary infrastructure, habits of hygiene, environmental pollution, influence the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. Keywords: protozoan infections, intestinal diseases, child. RESUMEN Introducción: Parasitosis es un problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas, los niños en edad escolar son más vulnerables, afecta su desarrollo físico e intelectual, se transmiten por vía fecal-oral, y está asociada a deficientes condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias. En Ecuador constituyen el segundo motivo de consulta médica. Objetivo: contribuir al conocimiento epidemiológico de las parasitosis intestinales por protozoos en nuestro medio. Metodología: estudio descriptivo experimental, con un universo de 80 niños y niñas, obteniendo 55 muestras, se realizó examen directo en preparaciones con suero fisiológico y lugol, identificando los parásitos por su morfología microscópica. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal por protozoos fue de 78,18%, mientras que para los parásitos Endolimax nana 30,9%, Entamoeba histolytica 34,5% y Giardia lamblia 14,5%. El 40% de los participantes fue monoparasitado y el 38,2% presentó poliparasitosis. Conclusiones: Se determinó alta prevalencia de parasitosis por protozoos intestinales en los niños y niñas de la Unidad con un 78,18%. El protozoo ameboideo de mayor prevalencia fue E. nana, seguido del protozoo patógeno E. histolytica, mientras que G. lambia fue protozoo flagelado identificado. La falta de una adecuada infraestructura sanitaria, hábitos de higiene, contaminación ambiental, influyen en la prevalencia de la parasitosis intestinal. Palabras clave: infecciones por protozoos, parasitosis intestinales, niños.

Prevalence and pre-disposing factors associated to gastro intestinal protozoan infections among diarrheal children under 5 years in kisii county, kenya.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Okeri Ondara ◽  
Benson Omweri Nyachong’i ◽  
Vincent Obino Orucho
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract ABSTRACT. Objectives: Mortality and morbidity due to diarrheal diseases among children below the age of five has been increasing especially in the developing countries. This infection has not got attention like other health issues at national or regional levels. Documenting the risk prevalence and factors that influence the occurrence of the diarrheal diseases help to inform the and to develop preventive strategies for the county of study and the country at large. Results: There was high prevalence of gastro intestinal protozoan infection with 34(28.3%) children infected with either Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia or both (co infections). Female children were 2.1 times less likely to be infected with gastro intestinal protozoa than their male counterparts, though not statistic ally different (P=0.392). Keywords: Gastro intestinal protozoans, diarrhea, children under 5 years

scholarly journals Intestinal protozoa and helminths among Terena Indians in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul: high prevalence of Blastocystis hominis

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ivan Albuquerque Aguiar ◽  
Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves ◽  
Fernando Campos Sodré ◽  
Severino dos Ramos Pereira ◽  
Márcio Neves Bóia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

A parasitological survey was carried out among Terena Indians living in the Tereré settlement in the municipality of Sidrolândia, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Single samples of feces from 313 Indians were processed by means of the spontaneous sedimentation method. In the population studied, 73.5% were infected with at least one intestinal parasite or commensal. Protozoa predominated. Blastocystis hominis (40.9%), Entamoeba coli (33.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (31.6%) were the most common. Bivariate analysis showed that females were generally more infected and presented higher rates of infection by Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba coli. Males were more infected by hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis than females. The precarious sanitary conditions of the Tereré settlement are probably a contributory factor towards the high prevalence of intestinal protozoa.

Intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in the Municipality San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, Cuba

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Escobedo ◽  
Roberto Cañete ◽  
F A Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
San Juan ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Del Rio

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and the intensity of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) among children who attend the educational centres of San Juan y Martinez, Cuba. Ascaris lumbricoides, Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were the most common parasites found, with prevalence rates of 40.5%, 38.5% and 25%, respectively. In total, 91% of children harboured at least one type of intestinal parasite. The rates and intensity of intestinal parasitic infections found permit us to speculate that the conditions that predispose to acquire intestinal protozoan and STH infections persist in this municipality.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Protozoa Usus Oportunistik dan Faktor Risikonya Pada Anak Panti Asuhan Kota Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Esy Maryanti ◽  
M. Reyhan Ahza Hamidy ◽  
Lilly Haslinda
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Food Hygiene ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protozoan Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Opportunistic intestinal protozoa are protozoa that can infect humans at a time when the body’s defense system isdeclining (immunocompromising). Opportunistic protozoan infections are infections by intestinal protozoa that werenot previously considered important, but now can cause disease in humans. Opportunistic intestinal protozoan infectionsbesides being found in immunocompromised patients are also reported to infect children. Some of the intestinalprotozoan species that have been identified to cause infection are Cryptosporidium sp, Isospora belii, Cyclospora sp,and Blastocystis hominis. This study was an analytical study with a cross sectional design conducted in June 2018until January 2019. In this study, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used and the results were 25.6% of orphanagesinfected with opportunistic intestinal protozoa, which consisted of Cryptosporidium sp. as much as 14.1%, Blastocystishominis as much as 4.6%, infection with a mixture of Cryptosporidium sp and Blastocystis hominis as much as 4.6%,Isospora belii as much as 2.3%, and no infection by Cyclospora cayetanensis. There was no association betweenopportunistic intestinal protozoan infections with poor handwashing habits, bowel habits, food hygiene, drinkingwater treatment, and bad animal raising habits.

scholarly journals Comparison of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fixative with Three Less Hazardous Fixatives for Detection and Identification of Intestinal Parasites

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1592-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jensen ◽  
W. Kepley ◽  
J. Guarner ◽  
K. Anderson ◽  
D. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Fresh Stool

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing the fixative mercuric chloride is considered the “gold standard” for the fixation of ova and parasites in the preparation of permanently stained smears of stool specimens. However, mercuric chloride is potentially hazardous to laboratory personnel and presents disposal problems. We compared three new alternative, nontoxic fixatives with PVA, analyzing ease of sample preparation and quality of smears. Sixty-eight fresh stool specimens were divided into aliquots and placed in each of four different fixatives: PARASAFE (PS) (Scientific Devices Laboratory, Inc., Des Plaines, Ill.), ECOFIX (EC) (Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio), Proto-Fix (PF) (Alpha-Tec Systems, Inc., Vancouver, Wash.), and low-viscosity PVA fixative (PVA) (Meridian). Specimens were processed and stained according to each manufacturer's directions. Parasites were found in 31 of 68 slide preparations with PVA, 31 with PF, 30 with EC, and 30 with PS. Blastocystis hominis andIodamoeba bütschlii were preserved in a readily identifiable state by all methods of fixation. However, some parasites were more easily identified with some of the fixatives because of differences in parasite distortion. For example, Entamoeba histolytica (Entamoeba dispar) was detected in 13 stools fixed with PF, 7 with PVA, and 6 with EC but none with PS. Likewise, Chilomastix mesnili was identified in 13 specimens fixed with PF, 8 with EC, and 5 with PVA but only 1 with PS, while Entamoeba coli was seen much less frequently with PS than with the other three fixatives. A dirty background was observed in 41% of specimens prepared with PS, whereas background quality was acceptable with other fixatives. Sample preparation was most rapid with PS, although the EC method involved the fewest steps. In conclusion, PVA and PF produced the least parasite distortion, while PS proved unsatisfactory for the identification of E. histolytica,E. coli, and C. mesnili. Both PF and EC appear to be acceptable, environmentally safe substitutes for PVA.

scholarly journals Intestinal protozoa in HIV-infected patients in Apulia, South Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. BRANDONISIO ◽  
P. MAGGI ◽  
M. A. PANARO ◽  
S. LISI ◽  
A. ANDRIOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Blastocystis Hominis ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Protozoan Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Protozoa are important enteric pathogens in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In this study the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in 154 HIV-infected patients, with or without diarrhoea, in our region (Apulia, South Italy) was evaluated between December 1993 and February 1998. In the majority of patients CD4+ T cell count was below 200/μl. The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoa was 43/154 (27·92%). Twenty-eight (43·08%) out of 65 patients with diarrhoea and 15 (16·85%) out of 89 non-diarrhoeic patients were parasitized. In particular, in the group of 65 patients with diarrhoea the following protozoa were identified: Cryptosporidium parvum in 14 (21·54%), Blastocystis hominis in 7 (10·77%), microsporidia in 6 (9·23%), Giardia lamblia in 4 (6·15%) and Isospora belli in 1 (1·54%). Three patients were Cryptosporidium parvum-microsporidia co-infected. In patients without intestinal symptoms, prevalence was 3/89 (3·37%) for Cryptosporidium parvum, 9/89 (10·11%) for Blastocystis hominis, 1/89 (1·12%) for microsporidia and 2/89 (2·25%) for Giardia lamblia. A significant (P<0·001) correlation was observed between protozoan infection and the presence of diarrhoea. In particular, Cryptosporidium parvum and microsporidia infections were significantly (P<0·001) and P=0·046, respectively) associated with diarrhoeal illness. Moreover, the majority of cases of cryptosporidiosis were first diagnosed in the periods of heaviest rainfall. Therefore, drinking water contamination may be a possible source of human infection in our area.

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