Mikrobiom und gastrointestinale Erkrankungen

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (14) ◽  
pp. 949-956
Author(s):  
Julian Siegel ◽  
Viola Andresen ◽  
Peter Layer
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinale Erkrankungen ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

AbstractFor some years, microbiome research has become a thriving topic. The most diverse and hitherto poorly understood connections of interactions of the microbiome with the host body (human) seem to play an important role in the genesis of a wide variety of diseases. This article focuses on the importance of the microbiome in gastrointestinal diseases and presents therapeutic approaches.The intestinal microbiome will not be understood completely for a long time due to the highly complex relationships and variety of different microorganisms. The intestinal microbiome is critically involved in the development of diseases, especially in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for gastric carcinoma. Esophageal microbiome alterations can cause inflammation and decrease the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter. Inflammation is a crucial pathway for tumorigenesis, it can be caused by the “normal” flora and by pathogenic agents. In the microbiome of the colon, interactions of bacteria, viruses and fungi have a very special status. Good oral/dental status protects against pancreatic carcinoma. Fecal microbiome transfer has become more important in the American guideline. Understanding the processes in the intestinal microbiome provides approaches to new therapies that are likely to exceed our current imagination.

scholarly journals PERFect: PERmutation Filtering test for microbiome data

Biostatistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Smirnova ◽  
Snehalata Huzurbazar ◽  
Farhad Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Test ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Processing Steps

Summary The human microbiota composition is associated with a number of diseases including obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and bacterial vaginosis. Thus, microbiome research has the potential to reshape clinical and therapeutic approaches. However, raw microbiome count data require careful pre-processing steps that take into account both the sparsity of counts and the large number of taxa that are being measured. Filtering is defined as removing taxa that are present in a small number of samples and have small counts in the samples where they are observed. Despite progress in the number and quality of filtering approaches, there is no consensus on filtering standards and quality assessment. This can adversely affect downstream analyses and reproducibility of results across platforms and software. We introduce PERFect, a novel permutation filtering approach designed to address two unsolved problems in microbiome data processing: (i) define and quantify loss due to filtering by implementing thresholds and (ii) introduce and evaluate a permutation test for filtering loss to provide a measure of excessive filtering. Methods are assessed on three “mock experiment” data sets, where the true taxa compositions are known, and are applied to two publicly available real microbiome data sets. The method correctly removes contaminant taxa in “mock” data sets, quantifies and visualizes the corresponding filtering loss, providing a uniform data-driven filtering criteria for real microbiome data sets. In real data analyses PERFect tends to remove more taxa than existing approaches; this likely happens because the method is based on an explicit loss function, uses statistically principled testing, and takes into account correlation between taxa. The PERFect software is freely available at https://github.com/katiasmirn/PERFect.

scholarly journals Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: Current therapies and potential for microbiota-modulating therapeutic approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikhnah Alshehri ◽  
Omar Saadah ◽  
Mahmoud Mosli ◽  
Sherif Edris ◽  
Rashad Alhindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

There is a growing body of evidence reinforcing the unique connections between the host microbiome, health and diseases. Due to the extreme importance of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiome and the host, it is not surprising that any alteration in the gut microbiota would result in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic, relapsing-remitting condition that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, compromised quality of life and costly medical care. Dysbiosis is believed to exacerbate the progression of IBD. One of the currently used treatments for IBD are anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs, representing a biologic therapy that is reported to have an impact on the gut microbiota composition. The efficacy of anti-TNF agents is hindered by the possibility of non-response, which occurs in 10-20% of treated patients, and secondary loss of response, which occurs in up to 30% of treated patients. This underscores the need for novel therapies and studies that evaluate the role of the gut microbiota in these conditions. The success of any therapeutic strategy for IBD depends on our understanding of the interactions that occur between the gut microbiota and the host. In this review, the health and disease IBD-associated microbiota patterns will be discussed, in addition to the effect of currently used therapies for IBD on the gut microbiota composition, as well as new therapeutic approaches that can be used to overcome the current treatment constraints.

scholarly journals Dietary Modulation of Bacteriophages as an Additional Player in Inflammation and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Luigi Marongiu ◽  
Markus Burkard ◽  
Sascha Venturelli ◽  
Heike Allgayer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Species Specific

Natural compounds such as essential oils and tea have been used successfully in naturopathy and folk medicine for hundreds of years. Current research is unveiling the molecular role of their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the effect of these compounds on bacteriophages is still poorly understood. The application of bacteriophages against bacteria has gained a particular interest in recent years due to, e.g., the constant rise of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics, or an increasing awareness of different types of microbiota and their potential contribution to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory and malignant conditions. Thus, a better knowledge of how dietary products can affect bacteriophages and, in turn, the whole gut microbiome can help maintain healthy homeostasis, reducing the risk of developing diseases such as diverse types of gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or even cancer. The present review summarizes the effect of dietary compounds on the physiology of bacteriophages. In a majority of works, the substance class of polyphenols showed a particular activity against bacteriophages, and the primary mechanism of action involved structural damage of the capsid, inhibiting bacteriophage activity and infectivity. Some further dietary compounds such as caffeine, salt or oregano have been shown to induce or suppress prophages, whereas others, such as the natural sweeter stevia, promoted species-specific phage responses. A better understanding of how dietary compounds could selectively, and specifically, modulate the activity of individual phages opens the possibility to reorganize the microbial network as an additional strategy to support in the combat, or in prevention, of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammation and cancer.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota differs between children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and healthy siblings in taxonomic and functional composition: a metagenomic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (4) ◽  
pp. G327-G339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Knoll ◽  
Kristoffer Forslund ◽  
Jens Roat Kultima ◽  
Claudius U. Meyer ◽  
Ulrike Kullmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Healthy Siblings ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Sibling Study

Current treatment for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is often ineffective, with serious side effects. Manipulating the gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging treatment approach but remains controversial. We aimed to assess the composition of the fecal microbiome through a comparison of pediatric IBD patients to their healthy siblings, evaluating risks and prospects for FMT in this setting. A case-control (sibling) study was conducted analyzing fecal samples of six children with Crohn’s disease (CD), six children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 12 healthy siblings by metagenomic sequencing. In addition, lifetime antibiotic intake was retrospectively determined. Species richness and diversity were significantly reduced in UC patients compared with control [Mann-Whitney U-test false discovery rate (MWU FDR) = 0.011]. In UC, bacteria positively influencing gut homeostasis, e.g., Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, were significantly reduced in abundance (MWU FDR = 0.05). Known pathobionts like Escherichia coli were enriched in UC patients (MWU FDR = 0.084). Moreover, E. coli abundance correlated positively with that of several virulence genes (SCC > 0.65, FDR < 0.1). A shift toward antibiotic-resistant taxa in both IBD groups distinguished them from controls [MWU Benjamini-Hochberg-Yekutieli procedure (BY) FDR = 0.062 in UC, MWU BY FDR = 0.019 in CD). The collected results confirm a microbial dysbiosis in pediatric UC, and to a lesser extent in CD patients, replicating associations found previously using different methods. Taken together, these observations suggest microbiotal remodeling therapy from family donors, at least for children with UC, as a viable option. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this sibling study, prior reports of microbial dysbiosis in IBD patients from 16S rRNA sequencing was verified using deep shotgun sequencing and augmented with insights into the abundance of bacterial virulence genes and bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants, seen against the background of data on the specific antibiotic intake of each of the study participants. The observed dysbiosis, which distinguishes patients from siblings, highlights such siblings as potential donors for microbiotal remodeling therapy in IBD.

Protein-losing enteropathy as precursor of inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e238802
Author(s):  
Fritz Ruprecht Murray ◽  
Bernhard Morell ◽  
Luc Biedermann ◽  
Philipp Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Protein Losing Enteropathy ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Work Up

We report the case of a 63-year-old female patient with liver cirrhosis who presented with symptoms of severe hypoalbuminaemia and diarrhoea. After ruling out other causes of hypoalbuminaemia and confirmation of an elevated faecal α-1 antitrypsin clearance, the diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) could be established. Since PLE is a syndrome caused by various diseases, classified into erosive and non-erosive gastrointestinal diseases or lymphatic obstruction, an extensive work-up was necessary, establishing the final diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.

Histopathological study of gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies in pediatric patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten A Ghazal ◽  
Wesam M Osman ◽  
Sarah A Hakim ◽  
Nada N Tamem
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Abstract Background Non neoplastic GI lesions in pediatrics are variable and differ in types and prevalence among each pediatric age group. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen that can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers in adults as well as in children. Celiac disease is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder which affects individuals having genetic susceptibility. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are disorders that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract with eosinophil-rich inflammation in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract with extraintestinal manifestations and associated immune disorders. It seems that it is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases affecting children in the developed countries. Aim of the work To study different types of paediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions from gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies received at the Pathology Department in Ain Shams University hospital during a period of 2 years (2017-2018), and to correlate them with the clinicopathological presentations and endoscopic findings. Patients and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on all pediatric gastrointestinal biopsies received at Pathology Department in Ain Shams University Hospital during the period of two years (2017- 2018). Only cases with information for all the covariates (n = 580) were selected and the results were statistically analyzed. Results Total 580 pediatric cases were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Nonspecific gastrointestinal inflammation represented (47.1%), Helicobacter pylori associated gastrointestinal inflammation represented (43.5%), Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease represented (3.8%), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represented (3.7%), Celiac disease represented (1.9%). Conclusion This is the first study conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals to assess the different types of pediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions received with clinicopathological and endoscopic correlation. The most common pediatric non neoplastic GI lesion is Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of pediatric non neoplastic GI disorder necessitates interdepartmental teamwork between GI pediatricians and pathologists.

Wybrane właściwości miodu szczególnie przydatne w kosmetologii

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Dubiago ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Adam Klimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Flower Nectar ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Natural Honey

Honey is produced by bees (Apis mellifera) from flower nectar and insect secretions. Like other bee products it is used as an adjuvant for treatment of many diseases. It also finds its uses for producing cosmetics. The main components of honey include carbohydrates, which represent approximately 80% of the dry matter, and water. Monosaccharides, mainly fructose and glucose, constitute approximately 70% of the sugars, whilst the remaining saccharides are disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Moreover, honey consists vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, amino acids and enzymes. Beneficial effect of natural honey on human health has been known for a long time because of its biological and therapeutic properties. It is used to treat some cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Among the best-known properties of honey are its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Important is also its antioxidant activity, which could be useful for producing anti-aging cosmetics.

scholarly journals The Gut Ecosystem: A Critical Player in Stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Delgado Jiménez ◽  
Corinne Benakis
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Brain Stroke ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractThe intestinal microbiome is emerging as a critical factor in health and disease. The microbes, although spatially restricted to the gut, are communicating and modulating the function of distant organs such as the brain. Stroke and other neurological disorders are associated with a disrupted microbiota. In turn, stroke-induced dysbiosis has a major impact on the disease outcome by modulating the immune response. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in stroke, one of the most devastating brain disorders worldwide with very limited therapeutic options, and we discuss novel insights into the gut-immune-brain axis after an ischemic insult. Understanding the nature of the gut bacteria-brain crosstalk may lead to microbiome-based therapeutic approaches that can improve patient recovery.

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