Tuberculosis in a pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Stefanie A. Barth ◽  
Christian Menge ◽  
Doris Hillemann ◽  
Alexander Lauda ◽  
Stephan Pfleghaar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Poor General Condition ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Firm Mass

AbstractA 9-month old pet ferret was presented to a veterinarian with symptoms of weight loss, apathy, and hyporexia. Explorative laparotomy identified a firm mass of approximately 2 × 2 × 2 cm in size in the mesentery of the jejunum. Because of the poor general condition and the unfavorable prognosis, the ferret was euthanized during surgery. The mass was resected in total and submitted to histological examination which revealed a granulomatous and necrotizing lymphadenitis. Acid fast bacteria were detected by Fite-Faraco staining leading to the suspicion of an infection with Mycobacteria sp. PCR confirmed presence of DNA of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, subsequently specified as M. bovis. The detected spoligotype SB2548 was described for the first time. Ferrets are presented to veterinarians with increasing frequency because of their growing popularity as pet animals. Since these animals are highly susceptible to mycobacterial infections, mycobacteriosis and especially zoonotic relevant tuberculosis should be considered as differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of mycobacterial infections (human tuberculosis and avian mycobacteriosis) during anatomical dissection of cadavers

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bartos ◽  
H. Pavlikova ◽  
L. Dvorska ◽  
R. Horvath ◽  
M. Dendis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intact Kidney ◽  
Microscopy Examination

The aim of this work was to study the presence of mycobacteria in tissue samples from four cadavers fixed with formalin, and tissue samples from a recently deceased unpreserved individual, who had a history of human tuberculosis infection, undergoing a post mortem (cause of death not related to tuberculosis). All were examined for the presence of tuberculous lesions and the specific presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and M. avium complex (MAC) members by microscopy, culture, and PCR analysis of four genomic elements (IS6110, mtp40, IS901, and IS1245). Microscopy examination after the Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria were negative in all 22 tissue samples from the four embalmed cadavers. PCR analysis of IS6110 and mtp40 was positive in tissue samples of tuberculous lesions from the lungs of two embalmed cadavers, and from intact kidney tissue of one of these cadavers. Microscopy and culture examinations of liver and spleen tissues from the unpreserved cadaver were positive for mycobacteria. PCR analysis, specific for M. avium subsp. avium, was positive in both tissue samples with, and without tuberculous lesions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Mycobacteriosis in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
T. Y. Raheem ◽  
B. A. Iwalokun ◽  
A. Oluwadun ◽  
O. A. Adesesan ◽  
N. Tochukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Background: Pulmonary mycobacteriosis has been documented in HIV-infected, diabetics, asthmatics, smokers and alcoholics and its progression and severity are affected by these risk factors. Inappropriate diagnosis of mycobacteriosis could lead to inappropriate treatment with anti- tuberculosis drugs. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in patients with TB-like diseases attending six DOTs centres in Lagos, Nigeria, from May 2012 to October 2016. Participants’ informed consent was obtained, structured questionnaires administered to obtain socio-demographic and co-morbid data. Sputum samples collected and processed for microscopy and culture using Lowenstein-Jensen medium with or without pyruvate and MGIT 960 liquid medium. Mycobacteria were identified using MPT64 immunochromatographic, biochemical and molecular methods. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of mycobacteriosis in the participants and assessed the risk factors for the mycobacterial infections. Results: Of the 1,020 participants, 339 (33.2%) had mycobacteriosis of which 33 (9.7%) were caused by Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) and 306 (90.3%) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Of the isolated 306 MTBC, 247 (80.7%) were M. tuberculosis, 28 (9.2%) were M. africanum, 23 (7.5%) were M. bovis while 8(2.6%) were M. ulcerans [P < 0.0005]. The 33 NTM showed 11 (33.3%), 20 (60.6%) had HIV, 8(24.2%) M. fortuitum, 2 (6.1%) M. abscessus, 2 (6.1%) M. scrofulacium, 6 (18.2%) M. kansasii, 4 (12.1%) M. megateriense and 11 (33.3%) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Sequence analysis of the 16s rRNA of the 11 MAC showed 3 (27.3%) M. avium, 5(45.5%) M. intracellulare, 2(18.2%) M. colombiense and 1(9.1%) M. velneri.  M. fortuitum and MAC were significantly (P<0.05) associated with HIV infection, while only M. fortuitum relate strongly with diabetes (P <0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that mycobacteriosis is caused by different species of MTBC and NTM. Relatively high mycobacteriosis were detected during dry season and were significantly associated with gender, age, HIV and diabetes.

Dissolution and Performing Homogeneous Photocatalysis of Polymeric Carbon Nitride

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Huang ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Yanfei Shen ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Li Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Methane Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Homogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Polymeric Carbon ◽  
First Time

<a></a><a>As a metal-free conjugated polymer, carbon nitride (CN) has attracted tremendous attention as heterogeneous (photo)catalysts. </a><a></a><a>By following prototype of enzymes, making all catalytic sites of accessible via homogeneous reactions is a promising approach toward maximizing CN activity, but hindered due to </a><a></a><a>the poor insolubility of CN</a>. Herein, we report the dissolution of CN in environment-friendly methane sulfonic acid and the homogeneous photocatalysis driven by CN for the first time with the activity boosted up to 10-times, comparing to the heterogeneous counterparts. Moreover, facile recycling and reusability, the <a>hallmark</a> of heterogeneous catalysts, were kept for the homogeneous CN photocatalyst via reversible precipitation using poor solvents. It opens new vista of CN in homogeneous catalysis and offers a successful example of polymeric catalysts in bridging gaps of homo/heterogeneous catalysis.

scholarly journals Taming nitroformate through encapsulation with nitrogen-rich hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichuan Zhang ◽  
Yongan Feng ◽  
Richard J. Staples ◽  
Jiaheng Zhang ◽  
Jean’ne M. Shreeve
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

AbstractOwing to its simple preparation and high oxygen content, nitroformate [−C(NO2)3, NF] is an extremely attractive oxidant component for propellants and explosives. However, the poor thermostability of NF-based derivatives has been an unconquerable barrier for more than 150 years, thus hindering its application. In this study, the first example of a nitrogen-rich hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-NF) is designed and constructed through self-assembly in energetic materials, in which NF anions are trapped in pores of the resulting framework via the dual force of ionic and hydrogen bonds from the strengthened framework. These factors lead to the decomposition temperature of the resulting HOF-NF moiety being 200 °C, which exceeds the challenge of thermal stability over 180 °C for the first time among NF-based compounds. A large number of NF-based compounds with high stabilities and excellent properties can be designed and synthesized on the basis of this work.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection in Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) and Cattle in Asturias, Spain

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294
Author(s):  
Cristina Blanco Blanco Vázquez ◽  
Thiago Doria Barral ◽  
Beatriz Romero ◽  
Manuel Queipo ◽  
Isabel Merediz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Infection Pressure

The present work investigated the prevalence, spatial distribution, and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and cattle in Asturias (Atlantic Spain) during a 13-year follow-up. The study objective was to assess the role of badgers as a TB reservoir for cattle and other sympatric wild species in the region. Between 2008 and 2020, 673 badgers (98 trapped and 575 killed in road traffic accidents) in Asturias were necropsied, and their tissue samples were cultured for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolation. Serum samples were tested in an in-house indirect P22 ELISA to detect antibodies against the MTC. In parallel, data on MTC isolation and single intradermal tuberculin test results were extracted for cattle that were tested and culled as part of the Spanish National Program for the Eradication of Bovine TB. A total of 27/639 badgers (4.23%) were positive for MTC based on bacterial isolation, while 160/673 badgers (23.77%) were found to be positive with the P22 ELISA. The rate of seropositivity was higher among adult badgers than subadults. Badger TB status was spatially and temporally associated with cattle TB status. Our results cannot determine the direction of possible interspecies transmission, but they are consistent with the idea that the two hosts may exert infection pressure on each other. This study highlights the importance of the wildlife monitoring of infection and disease during epidemiological interventions in order to optimize outcomes.

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