Bone and muscle development in three inbred female mouse strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Föger-Samwald ◽  
Maria Papageorgiou ◽  
Katharina Wahl-Figlash ◽  
Katharina Kerschan-Schindl ◽  
Peter Pietschmann
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

AbstractMuscle force is thought to be one of the main determinants of bone development. Hence, peak muscle growth is expected to precede peak bone growth. In this study, we investigated muscle and bone development in female C57BL/6 J, DBA/2JRj, and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Femoral cortical and trabecular bone structure and the weights of selected muscles were assessed at the ages of 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Muscle mass increased from 8 to 24 weeks in all 3 strains, suggesting peak muscle development at 24 weeks or later. Bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and connectivity density of the femur decreased or remained unchanged, whereas trabecular density and trabecular thickness largely increased. These results suggest a peak in trabecular bone accrual at 8 weeks or earlier followed by further increases in density and structural reorganization of trabeculae. Cortical density, cortical thickness, and cortical cross sectional area increased over time, suggesting a peak in cortical bone accrual at 24 weeks or later. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that growth of muscle lags behind trabecular bone accrual.

scholarly journals Assessment of Trabecular Bone During Dental Implant Planning using Cone-beam Computed Tomography with High-resolution Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Lauren Bohner ◽  
Pedro Tortamano ◽  
Felix Gremse ◽  
Israel Chilvarquer ◽  
Johannes Kleinheinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Background: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with high-resolution parameters may provide an acceptable resolution for bone assessment. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess trabecular bone using two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices with high-resolution parameters in comparison to micro-computed tomography (µCT). Methods: Bone samples (n=8) were acquired from dry mandibles and scanned by two CBCT devices: 1) VV (Veraview R100, Morita; FOV 4x4, 75kV, 9mA, voxel size 0.125µm); and PR (Prexion 3D, Prexion; FOV 5x5, 90kV, 4mA, 37s, voxel size 108µm). Gold-standard images were acquired using µCT (SkyScan 1272; Bruker; 80kV, 125mA, voxel size 16µm). Morphometric parameters (BvTv- Bone Volume Fraction, BsBv- Trabecular specific surface, TbTh- Trabecular thickness and TbSp- Trabecular separation) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed within ANOVA, Spearman Correlation test and Bland-Altmann plots with a statistical significance level at p=0.05. Results: CBCT devices showed similar BvTv values in comparison to µCT. No statistical difference was found for BvTv parameters assessed by CBCT devices and µCT. BsBv values were underestimated by CBCT devices (p<0.01), whereas TbTh and TbSp values were overestimated by them (p<0.01). Positive correlations were found between VV and µCT measurements for BvTv (r2= 0.65, p=0.00), such as between PR and µCT measurements for TbSp (r2= 0.50, p=0.04). For BsBv measurements, PR was negatively correlated with µCT (r2= -0.643, p=0.01). Conclusion: The evaluated CBCT device was able to assess trabecular bone. However, bone parameters were under or overestimated in comparison to µCT.

scholarly journals The Incorporation of Platelet-rich Plasma into Calcium Phosphate Cement Enhances Bone Regeneration in Osteoporosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6;17 (6;12) ◽  
pp. E737-E745
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for osteoplasty. However, previous studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of PMMA due to its excessive stiffness and heat production. Recently, calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that overcomes those negative effects has been successfully applied in osteoplasty. The potential problem of CPC is markedly less initial stiffness. It leads to progressive, repeated collapse in the treated vertebra before CPC has been replaced by new bone that would provide substantial improvement in compressive strength and stiffness. The activated platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) release a high concentration of growth factors which play an important role in bone healing. Objective: To investigate whether PRP could accelerate the osteoconduction of CPC and enhance the bone strength of the treated vertebra in an animal model. Study Design: Controlled animal study. Setting: Laboratory animal study, Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized at 8 weeks of age. After 3 months, they were randomly divided into 4 groups and received cement augmentation in the fifth caudal spine with different filler materials; sham-operated rats (S), PMMA (P), CPC (C), and CPC + PRP (CP). Bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular type-associated morphological parameters, including trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness in the augmented caudal spine, were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (mirco-CT) 2 weeks after the cementoplasty. Histological analysis was also performed to compare the bone regeneration. Results: The trabecular bone volume fraction in the CP group was significantly greater than those of all the other groups. Trabecular thickness was higher in the CP group than the S and P groups. This augmented trabecular structure in the CP group accordingly showed higher BMD. Histological evaluations showed significantly more bone regeneration in the CP group. Limitations: There has been a concern that the effect of PRP would be dependent on the species, and might show different results in humans. Baseline values of micro-CT analysis were not measured, which could have provided exact evidence of the changes in trabecular microarchitecture parameters and cement resorption profiles. Finally, caudal vertebrae with filler materials used in biological study should have been compared by their mechanical properties using biomechanical evaluations for a more coherent study, which was not possible due to technical problems. Conclusions: Incorporating PRP into CPC could accelerate osteoconduction in the augmented vertebra leading to improvement of trabecular bone microarchitecture and BMD in rats. Key words: Bone mineral density, calcium phosphates, cementoplasty, histology, osteoconduction, osteoporosis, platelet-rich plasma, polymethyl methacrylate, vertebra

Human Transitions

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-238
Author(s):  
James H. Gosman ◽  
David A. Raichlen ◽  
Timothy M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Behavior Understanding ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Microct Imaging ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Bone Research

The analysis of cortical and trabecular bone development morphology offers a lens through which general biological processes of skeletal ontogeny can be viewed. These, in turn, establish a foundation upon which biocultural reconstructions of childhood can proceed. In this chapter, the authors draw on skeletal data generated by their systematic cortical and trabecular bone research agenda from a Norris Farms’ archaeological skeletal collection using high resolution microCT imaging combined with new, age-segmented, gait data from extant children. The age-related changes in bone structure, geometry, and architecture are linked to the development of biomechanical competence over the course of three significant transitions in a human’s life course. This chapter identifies transitions and variations in human skeletal biology, skeletal morphology, and bipedal gait as dynamic records of development. These types of ontogenetic studies provide empirical data, which function as a portal to address fundamental issues of interest to anthropologists. Examples of the types of anthropological interests include, but are not limited to, reconstructing past health and behavior; understanding the dynamics of bone growth, size, and shape; interpreting skeletal variation; and providing insight into the fossil record.

Adaptive Bone Remodeling to Capture the Trabecular Bone Morphology of the Proximal Femur

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Ali Banijamali ◽  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction

In this study, a model of femur which resembles bone natural structure has been developed. The model initially consists of a solid shell representing cortical bone encompassing a cubical network of interconnected rods with circular cross-sections representing trabecular bone part. A computational efficient program has been developed which iteratively changes the structure of trabecular bone by keeping the local stress in the structure within a defined stress range. The stress is controlled by either enhancing existing beam elements or removing beams from the initial trabecular frame structure. Trabecular bone structure is obtained for two load cases: walking and stair climbing. The results show that as the magnitude of the loads increase, the internal structure gets denser in critical zones. The higher density is achieved using loading associated with the stair climbing. Walking which is considered as the routine daily activity, results in the less internal density in different regions of the bone. The results show that the converged bone architecture consisting of rods and plates are consistent with the natural bone morphology of femur. Furthermore, the bone volume fraction at the critical regions of the converged structure is in a good agreement with previously measured data obtained from combinations of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Computed Tomography (CT).

scholarly journals Pancreas deficiency modifies bone development in the ovine fetus near term

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A Lanham ◽  
Dominique Blache ◽  
Richard Oc Oreffo ◽  
Abigail L Fowden ◽  
Alison J Forhead
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Near Term

Hormones have an important role in the regulation of fetal growth and development, especially in response to nutrient availability in utero. Using micro-computed tomography and an electromagnetic 3-point bend test, this study examined the effect of pancreas removal at 0.8 fraction of gestation on the developing bone structure and mechanical strength in fetal sheep. When fetuses were studied at 10 and 25 days after surgery, pancreatectomy caused hypoinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and growth retardation which was associated with low plasma concentrations of leptin and a marker of osteoclast activity and collagen degradation. In pancreatectomised fetuses compared to control fetuses, limb lengths were shorter and trabecular bone in the metatarsi showed greater bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, degree of anisotropy and porosity, and lower fractional bone surface area and trabecular spacing. Mechanical strength testing showed that pancreas deficiency was associated with increased stiffness and a greater maximal weight load at fracture in a subset of fetuses studied near term. Overall, pancreas deficiency in utero slowed growth of the fetal skeleton and adapted the developing bone to generate a more compact and connected structure. Maintenance of bone strength in growth-retarded limbs is especially important in a precocial species in preparation for skeletal loading and locomotion at birth.

Effects of Different Loading Patterns on the Trabecular Bone Morphology of the Proximal Femur Using Adaptive Bone Remodeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Ali Banijamali ◽  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Ara Nazarian ◽  
Ruben Goebel ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Loading Patterns

In this study, the changes in the bone density of human femur model as a result of different loadings were investigated. The model initially consisted of a solid shell representing cortical bone encompassing a cubical network of interconnected rods representing trabecular bone. A computationally efficient program was developed that iteratively changed the structure of trabecular bone by keeping the local stress in the structure within a defined stress range. The stress was controlled by either enhancing existing beam elements or removing beams from the initial trabecular frame structure. Analyses were performed for two cases of homogenous isotropic and transversely isotropic beams. Trabecular bone structure was obtained for three load cases: walking, stair climbing and stumbling without falling. The results indicate that trabecular bone tissue material properties do not have a significant effect on the converged structure of trabecular bone. In addition, as the magnitude of the loads increase, the internal structure becomes denser in critical zones. Loading associated with the stumbling results in the highest density; whereas walking, considered as a routine daily activity, results in the least internal density in different regions. Furthermore, bone volume fraction at the critical regions of the converged structure is in good agreement with previously measured data obtained from combinations of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that the converged bone architecture consisting of rods and plates are consistent with the natural bone morphology of the femur. The proposed model shows a promising means to understand the effects of different individual loading patterns on the bone density.

scholarly journals The influence of water jet diameter and bone structural properties on the efficiency of pure water jet drilling in porcine bone

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. den Dunnen ◽  
G. J. M. Tuijthof
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Added Water

Abstract. Using water jets in orthopedic surgery to drill holes in bones can be beneficial due to the absence of thermal damage and the always sharp cut. To minimize operating time and the volume of water that is used, the efficiency (volume of removed bone per added volume of water) of the water jet should be maximized. The goal was to study the effect of the open trabecular bone structure on the efficiency for different water jet diameters. 86 holes were drilled in porcine tali and femora submerged in water with nozzles of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mm at 70 MPa during 5 s and a standoff distance of 8 mm. MicroCT scans were made to measure the removed bone volume and the bone structural properties Trabecular Spacing (Tb.Sp.), Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Sp.) and Bone Volume Fraction (BV/TV). Pearson's correlation tests (p < 0.05, 95% confidence interval) were performed for each water jet diameter using the bone structural property as an independent factor and the efficiency as a dependent factor. No significant differences were found between the nozzle diameters in the material removal rates per added volume of water. The efficiency decreased for an increase in Tb.Th. and BV/TV for nozzles of 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm. The 0.6 mm nozzle showed less influence of the Tb.Th. and BV/TV. The Tb.Sp. has no influence on the efficiency of a water jet. The total volume of added water combined with the Tb.Th. or BV/TV is a leading measure for the volume of bone material that is removed, which provides freedom in the development of water jet instruments as the nozzle diameter, pressure and jet time can be chosen in accordance to the maximum operating time requirements or dimensional limitations of a design.

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