Epidemiology of Injuries in Olympic Sports

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
Ramona Ritzmann ◽  
Ralph Akoto ◽  
Maxime Lambert ◽  
Thomas Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Frequency ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Sporting Performance

AbstractInjuries effect the performance of athletes. Severity of injuries is determined by time loss and sporting performance reduction. To treat injuries adequately, it is necessary to get an overview of varied injuries types in different sports disciplines. In a retrospective study 7.809 athletes from Germany, Switzerland and Austria competing in competitive or recreational levels of sports were included. Injury prevalence was highest in team sports (75%), followed by combat (64%), racquet (54%) and track and field (51%). Knee (28%) and shoulder (14%) were the most at risk joints. Time loss in sporting activity after injury was longest in the region of knee (26 weeks). Of all reported injuries, 48% were accompanied by a reduced level of performance. The highest injury prevalence occurred in the year 2016 (45%). More injuries occurred during training (58%) compared to competition (42%). Across Olympic disciplines, a large number of injuries occurred during training sessions. Injury frequency increased as the Olympic games drew closer. Knee and shoulder injuries were the most severe injuries with respect to time loss and reduction sporting performance.

Epidemiology of injuries in judo: a cross-sectional survey of severe injuries based on time loss and reduction in sporting level

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (17) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Akoto ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
Maurice Balke ◽  
Bertil Bouillon ◽  
Karl-Heinz Frosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Vertebral Disc ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sporting Performance

BackgroundSport injury severity can be detected by duration of time loss and reduction of sporting performance.AimTo detect injury type-specific time loss duration and sporting performance reduction in judo.MethodsAn online survey of active and former judo athletes was conducted (exclusion criterion: incomplete questionnaire). Only injuries causing more than 3 weeks’ time loss were recorded. Athletes classified themselves into performance classes. Injury type-specific frequencies were recorded according to gender, age and performance level. Injury severity was assessed by time loss duration and performance reduction.ResultsThe study included 4659 athletes (65% male, 38% competitive sports). The most commonly injured body regions were the upper extremity (41%) and the lower extremity (39%). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures were the most severe injury type (time loss: 4% of cases 3–6 weeks, 6% 6–12 weeks, 26% 3–6 months, 32% 6–9 months, 18% 9–12 months, 14%>12 months; performance reduction: 32% same level, 39% slightly reduced, 24% strongly reduced, 5% stopped judo). The second most severe type of injury was a vertebral disc prolapse (time loss: 26% 3–6 weeks, 31% 6–12 weeks, 20% 3–6 months, 7% 6–9 months, 3% 9–12 months 13%>12 months; reduction of sporting performance: 39% same level, 34% slightly reduced, 20% strongly reduced, 8% stopped judo).ConclusionAcross genders and performance levels, ACL ruptures and vertebral disc prolapses were the most severe injuries with respect to time loss and sporting performance reduction.

Elite football teams that do not have a winter break lose on average 303 player-days more per season to injuries than those teams that do: a comparison among 35 professional European teams

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (19) ◽  
pp. 1231-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
Armin Spreco ◽  
Michael Davison
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
Or Team ◽  
Individual Training

ObjectiveTo compare injury rates among professional men’s football teams that have a winter break in their league season schedule with corresponding rates in teams that do not.Methods56 football teams from 15 European countries were prospectively followed for seven seasons (2010/2011–2016/2017)—a total of 155 team-seasons. Individual training, match exposure and time-loss injuries were registered. Four different injury rates were analysed over four periods within the season, and linear regression was performed on team-level data to analyse the effect of winter break on each of the injury rates. Crude analyses and analyses adjusted for climatic region were performed.Results9660 injuries were reported during 1 447 011 exposure hours. English teams had no winter break scheduled in the season calendar: the other European teams had a mean winter break scheduled for 10.0 days. Teams without a winter break lost on average 303 days more per season due to injuries than teams with a winter break during the whole season (p<0.001). The results were similar across the three periods August–December (p=0.013), January–March (p<0.001) and April–May (p=0.050). Teams without a winter break also had a higher incidence of severe injuries than teams with a winter break during the whole season (2.1 severe injuries more per season for teams without a winter break, p=0.002), as well as during the period January–March (p=0.003). A winter break was not associated with higher team training attendance or team match availability. Climatic region was also associated with injury rates.ConclusionsThe absence of a scheduled winter break was associated with a higher injury burden, both before and during the two periods following the time that many European teams take a winter break. Teams without a winter break (English clubs) had a higher incidence of severe injuries following the time of the year that other teams (other European clubs) had their scheduled break.

“Olympian Quintessence”

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Cat M. Ariail
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Popular Image

This chapter deconstructs the iconicity of Wilma Rudolph, following the 1960 Olympic Games and continuing through the 1961 and 1962 US–Soviet Union dual track and field meets. Widely admired for her great athleticism and graceful femininity, Rudolph seemed to transcend barriers of race and gender, allowing her to earn acclaim as an American icon. However, while the popular image of Rudolph advertised an ostensibly more inclusive American identity, understandings of her in fact inscribed a disciplinary, exclusive model of Americanness. Both white and black sport cultures redeployed ideologies of race, gender, and femininity to contain the more radical possibilities represented by black women’s athleticism and preserve a more conservative model of American belonging.

scholarly journals FAIR PLAY AS AN INJURY PREVENTION INTERVENTION: DO YELLOW CARD ACCUMULATION POLICIES REDUCE HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER INJURIES?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0022
Author(s):  
Peter K. Kriz ◽  
Jingzhen Yang ◽  
Alan Arakkal ◽  
Timothy Keeley ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Yellow Card ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
The Impact

Background: Pediatric sports-related injuries are common, yet prevention efforts too often go unevaluated. Collins et al. studied nine U.S. high school (HS) sports during 2005/06-2006/07, finding boys’ and girls’ soccer had the highest injury rates related to illegal activity. Several states have implemented yellow card accumulation policies (YCPs) in an effort to prevent injuries. Hypothesis/Purpose: Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of YCPs in reducing HS soccer competition injuries by comparing injury rates and patterns in states with and without YCPs. Hypotheses: Athlete-athlete contact injury rates are lower in states with YCPs Severe injuries (concussion, fracture, ACL, injury requiring surgery, injury resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss) are less prevalent in states with YCPs Gender differences influence the effectiveness of YCPs Methods: Retrospective cohort study of NHFS member state association HS soccer players injured during competition in 2005/06-2017/18. Athlete exposure (AEs) and injury data collected from a national sports injury surveillance system, High School RIO. Poisson regression assessed the effects of YCPs on injury rates and patterns. Results: Of 50 NFHS member states associations, high schools from 47 were represented. Overall, 901 athlete-athlete contact injuries occurred during 352,775 competition AEs in states with YCPs and 3,525 during 1,459,708 AEs in states without YCPs. There was no significant difference in overall contact injury rates (rate ratio [RR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.14) between schools in states with and without YCPs. A small, significant increase in overall contact injury rates was discernable after states’ adoption of YCPs (RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34), particularly in boys’ soccer (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62). A significantly lower proportion of injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss occurred in states with YCPs (injury proportion ratio [IPR] 0.81; p=0.047), while other severe injuries did not differ. There were no significant differences in YCPs’ effect by gender (p=0.319). Conclusion: Among HS boys’ and girls’ soccer players, playing in states with YCPs did not lower athlete-athlete contact injury rates, although injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss were less prevalent in states with YCPs. Athlete-athlete contact injury rates were slightly higher in states following adoption of YCPs, particularly in boys’ soccer. Enactment of YCPs alone, without proper enforcement, may not be a sufficient injury prevention strategy. Further studies assessing the impact of HS soccer YCPs need to consider the effects of state level YCP enforcement, documented illegal activity/foul play, and Fair Play education. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]

Olympic competition climbing: the beginning of a new era—a narrative review

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102035
Author(s):  
Christoph Lutter ◽  
Thomas Tischer ◽  
Volker Rainer Schöffl
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
New Era ◽  
Finger Injuries ◽  
Injury Frequency ◽  
Combined Mode

Climbing as a competition sport has become increasingly popular in recent years, particularly the sub-discipline of bouldering. The sport will debut in the Tokyo Summer Olympic Games. National and international competitions have three disciplines: lead (climbing with rope protection), bouldering (climbing at lower heights with mattress floor protection) and speed (maximum speed climbing on a standardised route in 1-on-1 mode). There is also a ‘combined mode’ of all three disciplines (combined) which forms the Olympic competition format; all competition formats are held on artificial walls. Existing literature describes a predominantly low injury frequency and severity in elite climbing. In comparison to climbing on real rock, artificial climbing walls have recently been associated with higher injury rates. Finger injuries such as tenosynovitis, pulley lesions and growth plate injuries are the most common injuries. As finger injuries are sport-specific, medical supervision of climbing athletes requires specific medical knowledge for diagnosis and treatment. There is so far little evidence on effective injury prevention measures in top athletes, and antidoping measures, in general, requiring further work in this field. An improved data situation regarding high-performance climbing athletes is crucial to ensure that the sport continues to be largely safe and injury-free and to prevent doping cases as extensively as possible.

scholarly journals Youth Football Injuries: A Prospective Cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596711668678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Peterson ◽  
Adam J. Kruse ◽  
Scott M. Meester ◽  
Tyler S. Olson ◽  
Benjamin N. Riedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Tackle Football

Background: There are approximately 2.8 million youth football players between the ages of 7 and 14 years in the United States. Rates of injury in this population are poorly described. Recent studies have reported injury rates between 2.3% and 30.4% per season and between 8.5 and 43 per 1000 exposures. Hypothesis: Youth flag football has a lower injury rate than youth tackle football. The concussion rates in flag football are lower than in tackle football. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Three large youth (grades 2-7) football leagues with a total of 3794 players were enrolled. Research personnel partnered with the leagues to provide electronic attendance and injury reporting systems. Researchers had access to deidentified player data and injury information. Injury rates for both the tackle and flag leagues were calculated and compared using Poisson regression with a log link. The probability an injury was severe and an injury resulted in a concussion were modeled using logistic regression. For these 2 responses, best subset model selection was performed, and the model with the minimum Akaike information criterion value was chosen as best. Kaplan-Meier curves were examined to compare time loss due to injury for various subgroups of the population. Finally, time loss was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: A total of 46,416 exposures and 128 injuries were reported. The mean age at injury was 10.64 years. The hazard ratio for tackle football (compared with flag football) was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.25-0.80; P = .0065). The rate of severe injuries per exposure for tackle football was 1.1 (95% CI, 0.33-3.4; P = .93) times that of the flag league. The rate for concussions in tackle football per exposure was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.16-1.7; P = .27) times that of the flag league. Conclusion: Injury is more likely to occur in youth flag football than in youth tackle football. Severe injuries and concussions were not significantly different between leagues. Concussion was more likely to occur during games than during practice. Players in the sixth or seventh grade were more likely to suffer a concussion than were younger players.

scholarly journals Injuries in elite athletes in the Olympic period from 2008 to 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Solaja ◽  
Milan Solaja ◽  
Miroslav Milankov
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Field Team ◽  
National Selection ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Introduction. Research related to injuries of elite athletes is very demanding in comparison to research on injuries in team sports, and therefore, there are a lot fewer resources and data on injuries in track and field sports than in other sports. Material and Methods. The research included 78 athletes who were the members of junior and senior national track and field team of Serbia (34 women and 44 men), aged 15 to 32 years. The research was conducted in the official training camp for the national selection in Bar (Montenegro) by using a non-standardized survey research technique, an anonymous questionnaire. Out of the total number, 59 athletes reported incidence of injury and 19 athletes were without injury over the four-year cycle. Results. The majority of injuries were reported on the lower extremities, i.e. in 90.8% (n=158), the upper leg and the hamstring muscle having been injured in 99 cases (56.9%) and 61 cases (35.05%), respectively. The most common type of injuries were strains (n=74; 42.5%), followed by partial ruptures (n=30, 16.3%) and distortion (n=25; 14.4%). The most frequent diagnosis was hamstring strain (n=37; 21.3%). Discussion and Conclusion. Inadequate procedures related to the extent and intensity of training, without prevention of injury, often lead to injuries in athletes. It is necessary to carry out continuous educational training, especially for coaches, whose effects should be reflected in the introduction of new knowledge and scientific achievements in the field of biomechanics, training technology, prevention and cure in the field of sports medicine. It is also very important to achieve adequate and constant cooperation between sports physicians and athletic clubs.

scholarly journals One Guy Named Mo: Race, Nation and the London 2012 Olympic Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Burdsey
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Distance Runner ◽  
The Public ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

The triumphal track and field performances of British distance runner, Mo Farah, at the London 2012 Olympic Games were lauded both for their athletic endeavor and for their perceived validation of the rhetoric of ethnic and cultural diversity and inclusion in which the Games were ensconced. By analyzing coverage of the athlete’s achievements in mainstream British newspapers, this article presents a more complicated and critical reading of the relationship between Britishness, multiculture, the politics of inclusion and the London Games. Employing a Critical Discourse Analysis approach, the article shows that Farah was constructed and represented by the media using narratives that are familiar, palatable and reassuring to the public; and that sustain hegemonic models of racialised nationhood and dominant ideologies around sport.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of formation of physical preparedness of athletes in athletics

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V.I. Bobrovnick ◽  
M.L. Tkachenko ◽  
D.S. Danyluk ◽  
S.G. Lytvynenko
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Training Process ◽  
World Championship ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
And Training ◽  
Sydney Australia

In the training of all-round track and field athletes there are basically two ways to achieve high athletic performance. The first one is the improvement and development of those basic skills, to which the athlete is more predisposed (to speed, strength, etc.). The essence of the second one lies in the fact that it is aimed at equal improvement of all physical abilities for mastering the events included in decathlon and heptathlon (sprint events, jump events, speed-strength events and endurance events). The athletic performance rates of Ukrainian all-rounders, participating at these competitions, are 400-800 points behind. The best place of the Ukrainian athlete Olexiy Kasyanov at the World Championship 2009 was third with 8470 points, and the worst 23rd place was taken by Fedir Laukhin (7652 points) at the Olympic Games 2000 in Sydney (Australia). The irregular participation of Ukrainian all-round athletes in the main sports forums (Olympic Games and world championships) shows that the system of training decathletes in our country does not meet the expected standards. It is possible to distinguish many reasons for such performances. In recent years they are associated with the fact that the leaders of decathletes traditionally don’t participate in the championships of Ukraine. So, all other athletes have no possibilities to compete with the strongest in this particular sport and to show their highest results. And this happens along with the absence of highly qualified coaches and conditions for the educational and training process.

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