scholarly journals More Than Just a Weed: An Exploration of the Antimicrobial Activity of Rumex crispus using a Multivariate Data Analysis Approach

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal V. Pelzer ◽  
Joëlle Houriet ◽  
William J. Crandall ◽  
Daniel A. Todd ◽  
Nadja B. Cech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Integrate Data

AbstractPlants have a long history of use for their medicinal properties. The complexity of botanical extracts presents unique challenges and necessitates the application of innovative approaches to correctly identify and quantify bioactive compounds. For this study, we used untargeted metabolomics to explore the antimicrobial activity of Rumex crispus (yellow dock), a member of the Polygonaceae family used as an herbal remedy for bacterial infections. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the known antimicrobial compound emodin. In addition, we used biochemometric approaches to integrate data measuring antimicrobial activity from R. crispus root starting material and fractions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with UPLC-MS data. Our results support the hypothesis that multiple constituents, including the anthraquinone emodin, contribute to the antimicrobial activity of R. crispus against MRSA.

scholarly journals Promises and pitfalls of in vivo evolution to improve phage therapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Bull ◽  
Bruce R. Levin ◽  
Ian J. Molineux
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract(Background) Phage therapy is the use of bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections. Phages lack the broad host ranges of antibiotics, so individual phages are often used with no prior history of use in treatment. Therapeutic phages are thus often chosen based on limited criteria, sometimes merely an ability to plate on the pathogenic bacterium. It is possible that better treatment outcomes might be obtained from an informed choice of phages. Here we consider whether phages used to treat the bacterial infection in a patient might specifically evolve to improve treatment. Phages recovered from the patient could then serve as a source of improved phages or cocktails for use on subsequent patients. (Methods) With the aid of mathematical and computational models, we explore this possibility for four phage properties expected to promote therapeutic success: in vivo growth, phage decay rate, overcoming resistant bacteria, and enzyme activity to degrade protective bacterial layers. (Results) Phage evolution only sometimes works in favor of treatment, and even in those cases, intrinsic phage dynamics in the patient are usually not ideal. An informed use of phages is invariably superior to reliance on within-host evolution and dynamics, although the extent of this benefit varies with the application.

Anethumgraveolens: Physicochemical Properties, Medicinal Uses, Antimicrobial Effects, Antioxidant Effect, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Jasim Altameme ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed ◽  
Lena Fadhil Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Anethumgraveolens, belong to the family Umbelliferae, is indigenous to southern Europe. It is an annual herb growing in the Mediterranean region, central and southern Asia.Now it is cultivated widely throughout the world. It is used traditionally as a popular aromatic herb and spice that has a very long history of use going back to more than 5,000 years. It was used as a remedy for indigestion and flatulence and as milk secretion stimulant. The essential oil and different extracts of Anethumgraveolensseeds exerted antimicrobial activity against wide range of microorganisms. The essential oils and acetone extracts shown antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, Shigellaflexneri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium. Anethumgraveolens seed extracts exerted moderate activity against Helicobacter pylori.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of fruits of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) and their intraspecific differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anna Forycka ◽  
Maria Morozowska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Summary Introduction: Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) has a long history of use as a vegetable and medicinal plant. According to the European Pharmacopoeia, the angelica root (Angelica radix) of only one of the sub-species – Angelica archangelica subsp. archangelica (formerly known as Archangelica officinalis) – is used as a source of plant material with documented medicinal properties. Within this species, there are two subspecies that are difficult to classify unambiguously: subsp. archangelica and subsp. litoralis. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a micromorphological and anatomical description of fruits of A archangelica and identify new diagnostic characters useful in subspecies identification. Methods: A comparative analysis of the sculpture and internal structure of fruits of the distinguished A archangelica taxa was conducted, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Based on the taxonomic characters in the Apiaceae family, micromorphological and anatomical characteristics of A archangelica fruits were prepared. Some of the investigated characters, e.g. verrucose sculpture of the oil duct surface and the presence of hooked hairs, exhibited intraspecific differences. Among the anatomical characters, the variation was related to the number and size of the paraendocarpic oil ducts as well as to the thickness of dorsal and commissural mesocarp. Conclusion: SEM examination of fruits of A archangelica provided a detailed description of their sculptures and several micromorphological and anatomical characters of potential diagnostic value.

scholarly journals MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF HERICIUM ERINACEUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10(60)) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Bulat Musulmanbekovich Aikeshev ◽  
Ayaulym Arystanbay
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Hericium Erinaceus ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
History Of Use

Medicinal mushrooms have become an attractive topic due to their bioactive compounds potentially useful for therapeutic use. Among the growing popularity of medicinal mushrooms is Hericium erinaceus. Hericium erinaceus is a medicinal edible mushroom with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in other countries of the East. Along with this, several of its biologically active compounds served as the basis for the creation of nutritional supplements. Its fruiting bodies and mycelium are rich in active substances that promote health. Tests of substances extracted from this fungus in animals and in vitro have given good results. They are beginning to be used in the treatment of cancer, liver diseases, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and wound healing. They improve cognitive abilities, support the nervous and immune systems.

scholarly journals Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Heba A. Gad ◽  
Autumn Roberts ◽  
Samirah H. Hamzi ◽  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Ilham Touiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. Its seeds and oil have a long history of use in folklore to treat various ailments, such as skin and scalp disorders, superficial wounds, sore throat, obesity, and cancer; for improvement of liver functions, enhancement of immunity, and promotion of hair growth. Extensive studies on Jojoba oil showed a wide range of pharmacological applications, including antioxidant, anti-acne and antipsoriasis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemia activities. In addition, Jojoba oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetics for topical, transdermal, and parenteral preparations. Jojoba oil also holds value in the industry as an anti-rodent, insecticides, lubricant, surfactant, and a source for the production of bioenergy. Jojoba oil is considered among the top-ranked oils due to its wax, which constitutes about 98% (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons). In addition, sterols and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, flavonoids, phenolic and cyanogenic compounds are also present. The present review represents an updated literature survey about the chemical composition of jojoba oil, its physical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and toxicity.

scholarly journals Bloodstream infection with Acinetobacter baumanii in a Plasmodium falciparum positive infant: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charity Wiafe Akenten ◽  
Kennedy Gyau Boahen ◽  
Kwadwo Sarfo Marfo ◽  
Nimako Sarpong ◽  
Denise Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of multi-antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, coupled with the risk of co-infections in malaria-endemic regions, complicates accurate diagnosis and prolongs hospitalization, thereby increasing the total cost of illness. Further, there are challenges in making the correct choice of antibiotic treatment and duration, precipitated by a lack of access to microbial culture facilities in many hospitals in Ghana. The aim of this case report is to highlight the need for blood cultures or alternative rapid tests to be performed routinely in malaria patients, to diagnose co-infections with bacteria, especially when symptoms persist after antimalarial treatment. Case presentation A 6-month old black female child presented to the Agogo Presbyterian Hospital with fever, diarrhea, and a 3-day history of cough. A rapid diagnostic test for malaria and Malaria microscopy was positive for P. falciparum with a parasitemia of 224 parasites/μl. The patient was treated with Intravenous Artesunate, parental antibiotics (cefuroxime and gentamicin) and oral dispersible zinc tablets in addition to intravenous fluids. Blood culture yielded Acinetobacter baumanii, which was resistant to all of the third-generation antibiotics included in the susceptibility test conducted, but sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. After augmenting treatment with intravenous ciprofloxacin, all symptoms resolved. Conclusion Even though this study cannot confirm whether the bacterial infection was nosocomial or otherwise, the case highlights the necessity to test malaria patients for possible co-infections, especially when fever persists after parasites have been cleared from the bloodstream. Bacterial blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be routinely performed to guide treatment options for febril illnesses in Ghana in order to reduce inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and limit the development of antimicrobial resistance.

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