Anethumgraveolens: Physicochemical Properties, Medicinal Uses, Antimicrobial Effects, Antioxidant Effect, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Jasim Altameme ◽  
Imad Hadi Hameed ◽  
Lena Fadhil Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Anethumgraveolens, belong to the family Umbelliferae, is indigenous to southern Europe. It is an annual herb growing in the Mediterranean region, central and southern Asia.Now it is cultivated widely throughout the world. It is used traditionally as a popular aromatic herb and spice that has a very long history of use going back to more than 5,000 years. It was used as a remedy for indigestion and flatulence and as milk secretion stimulant. The essential oil and different extracts of Anethumgraveolensseeds exerted antimicrobial activity against wide range of microorganisms. The essential oils and acetone extracts shown antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, Shigellaflexneri, Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Mycobacterium. Anethumgraveolens seed extracts exerted moderate activity against Helicobacter pylori.

scholarly journals Jojoba Oil: An Updated Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Uses, and Toxicity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711
Author(s):  
Heba A. Gad ◽  
Autumn Roberts ◽  
Samirah H. Hamzi ◽  
Haidy A. Gad ◽  
Ilham Touiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

Jojoba is a widely used medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. Its seeds and oil have a long history of use in folklore to treat various ailments, such as skin and scalp disorders, superficial wounds, sore throat, obesity, and cancer; for improvement of liver functions, enhancement of immunity, and promotion of hair growth. Extensive studies on Jojoba oil showed a wide range of pharmacological applications, including antioxidant, anti-acne and antipsoriasis, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-hyperglycemia activities. In addition, Jojoba oil is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in cosmetics for topical, transdermal, and parenteral preparations. Jojoba oil also holds value in the industry as an anti-rodent, insecticides, lubricant, surfactant, and a source for the production of bioenergy. Jojoba oil is considered among the top-ranked oils due to its wax, which constitutes about 98% (mainly wax esters, few free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons). In addition, sterols and vitamins with few triglyceride esters, flavonoids, phenolic and cyanogenic compounds are also present. The present review represents an updated literature survey about the chemical composition of jojoba oil, its physical properties, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and toxicity.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids on the Brain

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 632-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Irving ◽  
Mark G. Rae ◽  
Angela A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Reward Pathways ◽  
The Brain

Cannabis has a long history of consumption both for recreational and medicinal uses. Recently there have been significant advances in our understanding of how cannabis and related compounds (cannabinoids) affect the brain and this review addresses the current state of knowledge of these effects. Cannabinoids act primarily via two types of receptor, CB1and CB2, with CB1receptors mediating most of the central actions of cannabinoids. The presence of a new type of brain cannabinoid receptor is also indicated. Important advances have been made in our understanding of cannabinoid receptor signaling pathways, their modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity, the cellular targets of cannabinoids in different central nervous system (CNS) regions and, in particular, the role of the endogenous brain cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system. Cannabinoids have widespread actions in the brain: in the hippocampus they influence learning and memory; in the basal ganglia they modulate locomotor activity and reward pathways; in the hypothalamus they have a role in the control of appetite. Cannabinoids may also be protective against neurodegeneration and brain damage and exhibit anticonvulsant activity. Some of the analgesic effects of cannabinoids also appear to involve sites within the brain. These advances in our understanding of the actions of cannabinoids and the brain endocannabinoid system have led to important new insights into neuronal function which are likely to result in the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a number of key CNS disorders.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phytochemicals from Mercurialis spp. Used in Traditional Spanish Medicine

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Blanco-Salas ◽  
Vazquez ◽  
Hortigón-Vinagre ◽  
Ruiz-Tellez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bioactive Phytochemicals ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Antihypertensive Properties

Plants from the genus Mercurialis have a long history of use as herbal remedies in traditional Spanish medicine. The growing interest in the conservation of knowledge related to biodiversity has encouraged us to review the bioactive phytochemicals from the four most widespread Mercurialis species in the Iberian Peninsula (M. annua L., M. ambigua L., M. perennis L., and M. tomentosa L.). First, the medicinal uses of these four species throughout Spain were compiled, and then a bibliographical search on their chemical composition was conducted in an attempt to justify their reported traditional uses. We found that most of the medicinal uses of Mercurialis spp. are supported by scientific evidence. This includes its antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties attributable to the flavonoid rutin and narcissin, respectively; its benefits in the treatment of skin dark spots, attributable to mequinol; and its anti-inflammatory activity, attributable to scopoletin, kaempferol, squalene, and cycloartenol. This review contributes to the validation of the medicinal uses of Mercurialis spp. in Spain and provides some new avenues for further investigations on the biological activity of this interesting medicinal plant.

A Review on Annona squamosa L.: Phytochemicals and Biological Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (05) ◽  
pp. 933-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyao Ma ◽  
Yayun Chen ◽  
Jianwei Chen ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Annonaceous Acetogenins ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Available Information

Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) is a fruit tree with a long history of traditional uses. A. squamosa is an evergreen plant mainly located in tropical and subtropical regions. Srikayas, the fruits of A. squamosa, are extensively used to prepare candies, ice creams and beverages. A wide range of ethno-medicinal uses has been related to different portions of A. squamosa, such as tonic, apophlegmatisant, cool medicine, abortient and heart sedative. Numerous research projects on A. squamosa have found that it has anticancer, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, antiparasitic, antimalarial, insecticidal, microbicidel and molluscicidal activities. Phytochemistry investigations on A. squamosa have considered annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs), diterpenes (DITs), alkaloids (ALKs) and cyclopeptides (CPs) as the main constituents. Until 2016, 33 DITs, 19 ALKs, 88 ACGs and 13 CPs from this species were reported. On the basis of the multiple researches on A. squamosa, this review strives to integrate available information on its phytochemicals, folklore uses and bioactivities, hoping to promote a better understanding of its medicinal values.

scholarly journals Zuccagnia punctata: A Review of its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Inés Isla ◽  
María Alejandra Moreno ◽  
Gabriela Nuño ◽  
Fabiola Rodriguez ◽  
Antonella Carabajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Herbal Medicinal Products ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Chemical Groups

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae) is a plant with a long history of use in Argentine traditional medicines; it belongs to a monotypic genus, and is an endemic species of Argentina. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity and toxicology of Z. punctata. A wide range of traditional uses are cited in the literature such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor, among others. Pharmacological studies to date have demonstrated significant activities that support the traditional uses of this plant. No human clinical trials had been completed up to the time of this review and no toxic effect had been detected in animals. Compounds from different chemical groups have been isolated such as phenolic compounds and essential oils. Plant extracts and phytochemicals isolated exhibit a broad range of activities, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antigenotoxic, antioxidant, antiulcer, and nematicidal. The main bioactive phytochemicals in the aerial parts (leaf, stem and flower) were identified as 2′, 4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone and 2′, 4′-dihydroxychalcone and were proposed as chemical markers. Consequently, standardized dry extracts of aerial parts of Z. puntacta could be used in herbal medicinal products. Also, they could be included in phytotherapeutic preparations such as capsules, creams, and gels, and for microencapsulation.

A Comprehensive Review: Bio-Potential of Barbituric Acid and its Analogues

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-161
Author(s):  
Nusrat Shafiq ◽  
Uzma Arshad ◽  
Gul Zarren ◽  
Shagufta Parveen ◽  
Irum Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bioactive Agents

In our present work, we emphasized on the potential of barbituric acid (1) derivatives as drugs like anti-bacterial, hypnotic, sedative, anti-microbial and antifungal agents. As naturally occurring, barbituric acid (1) is inactive but in the derivative form, it has a large number of medicinal uses and nowadays, it has a great demand in the pharmaceutical industry. Barbituric acid has a wide range of applications in the synthesis of a diverse class of compounds like heterocyclic, carbocyclic, synthetic alkaloids, and due to its broad-spectrum applications, barbituric acid acquired the position of building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Through the history of humanity, a number of bioactive agents have been applied to cure the disease related to hypnotics and sedatives, while the exact efficacy of these agents was found to be limited. Till now, review articles on barbituric acid only express their specific aspect but in present review article, all aspects are discussed in detail to provide a platform to readers and researchers so that they could obtain all information and background knowledge from a single point.

scholarly journals Shiitake Mushroom: A Tool of Medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
MBK Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Medicinal mushrooms have an established history of use in traditional oriental therapies. Contemporary research has validated and documented much of the ancient knowledge. Over the last three decades, the interdisciplinary fields of science that study medicinal mushrooms has sprung up and has increasingly demonstrated the potent and unique properties of compounds extracted from a range of species. Currently, the field is being developed into a very fruitful area. Modern clinical practice in Japan, China, Korea and other Asian countries rely on mushroom-derived preparations.Mushrooms have been studied for nutritional and medical purposes for its various potential anti-tumoral and immunomodulatory componests like polysaccharides that have been identified. For medical purposes, mushrooms have been consumed to prevent cancer and cardiac diseases, to improve blood circulation and to reduce blood cholesterol level. Some of these mushrooms have also been used for the treatment of physical and emotional stress, osteoporosis, gastric ulcers and chronic hepatitis, for the improvement of the quality of life of patients with diabetes and especially for the stimulation of immunity.Shiitake has a history of medicinal uses. The mushroom is used as anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antithrombotic in cardiovascular disorders. This article has been written to throw some light on Shiitake mushroom which has many nutritional values. Many Shiitake preparations came in market containing the active ingredients which can replace many other marketed synthetic medicines and may prove to have promising results with fewer side effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v5i1.13428 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2012; 5(1): 24-32

scholarly journals More Than Just a Weed: An Exploration of the Antimicrobial Activity of Rumex crispus using a Multivariate Data Analysis Approach

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal V. Pelzer ◽  
Joëlle Houriet ◽  
William J. Crandall ◽  
Daniel A. Todd ◽  
Nadja B. Cech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Integrate Data

AbstractPlants have a long history of use for their medicinal properties. The complexity of botanical extracts presents unique challenges and necessitates the application of innovative approaches to correctly identify and quantify bioactive compounds. For this study, we used untargeted metabolomics to explore the antimicrobial activity of Rumex crispus (yellow dock), a member of the Polygonaceae family used as an herbal remedy for bacterial infections. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to identify and quantify the known antimicrobial compound emodin. In addition, we used biochemometric approaches to integrate data measuring antimicrobial activity from R. crispus root starting material and fractions against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with UPLC-MS data. Our results support the hypothesis that multiple constituents, including the anthraquinone emodin, contribute to the antimicrobial activity of R. crispus against MRSA.

scholarly journals Anti-Adipogenic Polyacetylene Glycosides from the Florets of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Su Cheol Baek ◽  
Sang Ah Yi ◽  
Bum Soo Lee ◽  
Jae Sik Yu ◽  
Jin-Chul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Herb ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
New Compounds

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is an annual herb belonging to the Compositae family; it has a history of use as a food colorant, dye, and medicine in oriental countries. LC-MS-UV-based chemical analysis of extract of the florets of C. tinctorius led to the isolation of two new C10-polyacetylene glycosides, (8Z)-decaene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and (8S)-deca-4,6-diyne-1,8-diol-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), together with five known analogs (3–7). The structures of the new compounds were determined by using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and HR-MS data, as well as chemical transformations. Of compounds 1–7, compounds 2, 3, and 4 inhibited the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, whereas compounds 1 and 6 promoted adipogenesis. Compounds 2, 3, and 4 also prevented lipid accumulation through the suppression of the expression of lipogenic genes and the increase of the expression of lipolytic genes. Moreover, compounds 3 and 4 activated AMPK, which is known to facilitate lipid metabolism. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of safflower-derived polyacetylene glycosides as potential therapeutic agents against obesity.

scholarly journals Flaviviridae — addition to the family

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
I. V. Kruglov
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
New Members ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flying Fox

This review article analyzes and summarizes the history of the replenishment of the family Flaviviridae with new members over the last several decades on the example of the youngest genera of this family - Hepacivirus and Pegivirus .It all started in 1966 when surgeon George Barker, who had hepatitis, had blood serum taken in containing an unknown virus. This virus was named GBV , by patient initials. Samples of the serum were frozen. A nucleic acid recognized as corresponding to the genomes of 2 separate virus species was isolated from the tested material in 1995. These viruses were named GBV-A and GBV-B . By this time, the hepatitis C virus had already been discovered, which was assigned to the Flaviviridae family, where a separate, third genus of Hepacivirus was allocated for it.In 2010, a more distantly related virus (named GBV-D ) was found in bats (Indian flying fox - lat. Pteropus giganteus ). GBV-B , which causes acute hepatitis in experimentally infected tamarines, became the second species in the genus Hepacivirus to company with hepatitis C virus. The remaining GB viruses based on phylogenetic relation-ships, genome organization, and pathogenetic properties were proposed in 2011 to be classified as members of the fourth genus in the Flaviviridae family. This genus was named Pegivirus (pe - persistence, g - GB).11 species of viruses have now been identified in the genus Pegivirus . They are indicated by letters in the order of the Latin alphabet - from Pegivirus A to Pegivirus K. And 14 species of viruses have now been identified in the genus Hepacivirus . So the story of the investigation, which began in 1966 with the discovery of the previously unknown GBV virus, has so far concluded with the discovery of two new genera of the family Flaviviridae. Numerous members of these two genera infect and also persist among a wide range of species belonging to different orders of the mammalian class, including Homo Sapiens .

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