Moderate intensity cycling combined with cognitive dual-task improves selective attention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Roberto Kunzler ◽  
Felipe P Carpes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Exercise

Physical and cognitive exercises have positive long-term effects on cognitive capacities. However, acute effects still are controversial. Here we determine the acute effects of physical exercise combined with concurrent cognitive exercise on cognitive performance in young adults. Simple reaction time, selective attention, and memory were evaluated in 23 young men before and after 30 min of stationary cycling exercise, 30 min of stationary cycling exercise combined with cognitive exercise, and 30 min of rest. Exercise intensity was continuously controlled to ensure exercise at moderate intensity. We found that physical exercise combined with cognitive dual-task improves selective attention. Both exercise conditions showed similar effects on simple reaction time, and memory was not affected by the different exercise conditions. We conclude that the combination of cycling exercise at moderate intensity with a cognitive exercise acutely improves selective attention in young adults. These results can be of particular interest for interventions aiming at improving selective attention in sports and for older adults and individuals with difficulty to suppress and filter out task-irrelevant information, like when receiving instruction or learning a new task or concept.

Listening to music during indoor cycling elicits higher internal loads during prolonged endurance exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Milena A. Dos Santos ◽  
Felipe P. Carpes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Responses

BACKGROUND: Dissociation by music may impact the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), which is an indicator of internal loads during exercise. However, it is not clear how music affects the RPE, neuromuscular, and cognitive responses to exercise. AIM: To determine whether listening to preferred music during indoor endurance exercise influences RPE, neuromuscular, and cognitive responses in healthy individuals. METHOD: Thirteen healthy adults performed sessions of prolonged indoor cycling at moderate intensity while listening or not to preferred music. Reaction time, selective attention, and memory were evaluated before, during, and/or after the exercise sessions. RPE, heart rate, muscle activation, pedaling torque, and cadence were recorded during the exercises. RESULTS: RPE (P = 0.004, d = 0.40), heart rate (P = 0.048, d = 0.53) and cadence (P = 0,043; d = 0.51) were higher in the music session compared to no music. Selective attention (P = 0.233), simple reaction time (P = 0.360), working and short-term memory (P > 0.05), as well as torque (P = 0.262) and muscle activation (RMS and MDF, P > 0.05) did not differ between music and no music sessions. CONCLUSION: Indoor cycling while listening to preferred music elicited higher internal loads, which we consider a result of higher cardiovascular demand. However, the effects of music on neuromuscular and cognitive responses were not evident. We conclude that music can be helpful to improve demand during indoor exercise.

Acute Effect of Interval Walking on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (07) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Okamoto ◽  
Seok-Ki Min ◽  
Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Capacity

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of interval walking (IW) on arterial stiffness. The participants in this study were 14 healthy men and women (age 27.5±3.8 y). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using an automatic oscillometric device at 30 min before (baseline) and at 30 and 60 min after walking. Participants repeated five sets of 3-min walks at 30% and 70% of maximum aerobic capacity for a total of 6 min per set in the IW trial. The participants also walked for 30 min at 50% (moderate intensity) of maximum aerobic capacity in a continuous walking (CW) trial. cfPWV was significantly decreased from baseline at 30 min (P=0.02) after the IW trial, and this reduction in cfPWV persisted for 60 min (P=0.01). In contrast, cfPWV was significantly decreased from baseline at 30 min (P=0.03) after the CW trial, but the reduction did not persist for 60 min. Moreover, changes in cfPWV in the IW trial after 30 and 60 min were significantly lower than in the CW trial (P<0.05). These results suggest that IW acutely reduces central arterial stiffness more than CW in healthy young adults.

Physical Exertion in Simple Reaction Time and Continuous Attention of Sport Participants

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis ◽  
Vassilis Barkoukis ◽  
Apostolos Danis ◽  
George Grouios
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Simple Reaction

To investigate the effect of physical exertion on simple reaction time and continuous attention of sport participants, an experiment was conducted with 46 male university students and 12 male cyclists. The subjects were assigned to three experimental and two control groups. The subjects of the experimental groups were asked to perform, following a 5-min. period of warming up, a high intensity exercise protocol for 5 min., on a mechanically braked cycle ergometer (Group A) or a moderate intensity exercise protocol for 30 min. on the same cycle ergometer (Groups B and C). Shortly before and immediately after the physical exercise subjects of all groups were asked to perform a test of simple reaction time and continuous attention. The subjects of the control groups were asked to perform at rest both tests of the simple reaction time and the continuous attention twice, with a 10-min. and a 35-min. interval between the first and second attempts, respectively. The results did not support the notion that exercise of moderate or high intensity influences significantly the cognitive performance of aerobically trained or untrained subjects. The results are discussed in the light of the current research findings concerning exertion and human psychomotor performance.

scholarly journals Dual-Task Exercise to Improve Cognition and Functional Capacity of Healthy Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naina Yuki Vieira Jardim ◽  
Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres ◽  
Victor Oliveira Costa ◽  
Josilayne Patricia Ramos Carvalho ◽  
Helen Tatiane Santos Pontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise Training

BackgroundIt has been suggested that physical inactivity and lack of stimulating cognitive activity are the two most significant modifiable risk factors to impair cognitive function. Although many studies that investigated the cognitive effects of physical exercise and cognitive stimuli in dual-task conditions showed improved cognitive performance, others have not confirmed these findings. The main aim of the present work is to analyze the effects of a dual-task multimodal physical exercise training, at moderate intensity, and cognitive stimulation on cognitive and physical function in healthy older adults.MethodsThis clinical trial was registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-9zrx3d). Here we tested the effects of a dual-task multimodal physical exercise training, at moderate intensity, on cognitive and physical function and quality of life in community dwelling older adults. The training protocol included 24 group sessions, 2/week, per 75 min. Cognition was assessed using CANTAB automated neuropsychological tests and Functional Capacity to Exercise tests. Performance was compared from baseline to post intervention and to a non-exercise control group using Mixed Linear Model for repeated measures.ResultsControl (CG) and dual-task (DTEx) groups progressed differentially over time on performance of episodic memory, sustained visual attention, functional mobility, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower limbs strength resistance, agility, quality of life and dual-task performance with significant improved DTEx performance. Control group did not show any significant changes on these tests except for showing a reduction in dual-task performance.ConclusionWe suggest that the dual-task combination of multisensory cognitive stimulation and multimodal moderate physical exercise training, twice a week, may be adopted as an effective program to reduce progression of age-related cognitive decline and improve physical fitness and quality of life on healthy older adults.Clinical Trial RegistrationBrazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9zrx3d -UTN code: U1111-1233-6349.

scholarly journals Effect of dual-task and visual manipulation on the balance of older physical exercise practitioners and sedentary older and young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Raquel de Melo Martins ◽  
Bruno José Frederico Pimenta ◽  
Marcelo Alves Costa ◽  
Thiago Viana Camata ◽  
Márcio Rogério Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Dual Task

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o efeito da dupla-tarefa e da manipulação visual no equilíbrio posturalem idosos praticantes de diferentes modalidades de exercícios físicos, idosos e adultos jovens não praticantes. Participaram do estudo 51 indivíduos, subdivididos em quatro grupos: grupo de idosos praticantes de karatê (GPK), grupo de idosos praticantes de ginástica funcional (GPF), grupo de idosos não praticantes (GNP) e  grupo de adultos jovens (GNP). A tarefa consistiu em permanecer, na posição ereta, sob plataforma de força, por 40 segundos, sem e com dupla-tarefa, por meio de soma aritmética e com manipulação visual, com e sem visão. As variáveis analisadas do Centro de Pressão (COP) foram: área de oscilação e amplitude média de oscilação, nos sentidos médio-lateral e ântero-posterior. Os resultados foram desempenhos semelhantes entre os grupos que praticavam exercícios físicos (OPK e OPG) e o de adultos jovens (YNP), enquanto o ONP apresentou maior oscilação postural, nas variáveis área e amplitude de oscilação. Na condição visual, com visão e com a dupla-tarefa, os grupos OPK, OPG e YNP oscilaram menos, quando comparados a condição sem dupla-tarefa. Dessa forma, pode-se inferir que a prática de exercícios físicos, independente da modalidade, é eficaz no equilíbrio postural de idosos, com desempenho semelhante no grupo de adultos jovens, mesmo em condições com dupla-tarefa e manipulação sensorial da visão.

Acute Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults: Aerobic Versus Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Formenti ◽  
Luca Cavaggioni ◽  
Marco Duca ◽  
Athos Trecroci ◽  
Mattia Rapelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: Recent evidence has suggested that chronic physical activities including balance exercises have positive effects on cognition, but their acute effects are still unknown. In the present study, the authors tested the hypothesis that an acute bout of balance exercise would enhance cognitive performance compared with aerobic activity. Methods: A total of 20 healthy middle-aged adults completed 2 acute 30-minute balance and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions on 2 counterbalanced separate occasions. To assess cognitive functions, performance tasks in executive control, perceptual speed, and simple reaction time were tested before and immediately after each exercise session. Results: Although there were no significant interactions (time × exercise condition, P > .05), the main effects of time were significant in executive control (P < .05), perceptual speed (P < .05), and simple reaction time (P < .001), showing improvements after both exercises. Conclusions: These findings highlight that both types of exercise (aerobic, more metabolic and less cognitively demanding; balance, more cognitively and less metabolically demanding) were able to positively affect simple reaction time performance, perceptual speed, and executive control independently of physiological adjustments occurring during aerobic or balance exercise.

Field Dependence and Distraction in a Simple Psychomotor Task with a Constant Foreperiod

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey H. Blowers
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Rod-and-frame errors are thought to reflect differential abilities in selective attention. For this reason a study of the relationship of field dependence to distraction should involve Ss whose field-dependence scores have been determined specifically by the rod-and-frame test. It is thought that discrepancies in the results of previous work might be accounted for by lack of consistent use of these scores. The present study involved distraction in a simple reaction-time paradigm using 10 field-dependent and 10 field-independent Ss. There was no correlation between distraction and field dependence although it may be that a larger difference in field-dependence scores between groups is required to detect differences in susceptibility to distraction.

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