33 Procedures to Restrict Movement

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Restrict Movement

Archaeology in Greece, 1947–1948

1947 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Greek Government ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Head Band

The year 1947–1948 has been one of limited activity. The presence of rebel bands continues to restrict movement in parts of mainland Greece and the Peloponnese; and the financial policy of the Greek Government has allowed little progress to be made this year in reconstituting the museums. The ban which the Ministry of Education imposed on excavation in Greece has not been withdrawn, though there are signs of a more liberal interpretation of it. On the other hand, the foreign archaeological institutions in Greece have intensified their activities within the limits imposed by present conditions; they have been happily strengthened by the founding on 10th May 1948 of a Swedish Institute in Athens.The Kerameikos Museum is now opened by appointment for students. The principal sculptures of the National Museum have been unpacked in preparation for replacement; an exhibition of early Greek sculptures and works of art was formally opened in the new year; it includes the Delphi charioteer and the new kouros from Anavysos. Additions to Mrs. Stathatou's private collection include a Late Geometric amphora and stamped gold head-band which were found in a grave in the Mesogaia, a small archaic bronze steer's head, and a grave relief of the later fifth century B.C.

scholarly journals A Border without Guards: First Nations and the Enforcement of National Space

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hoy
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Coast Salish ◽  
National Space ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
National Boundaries

During the mid-to-late nineteenth century, the American Civil War, Canadian Confederation, transnational violence, and rising concerns over undesirable immigration increased anxieties in Canada and the United States over the permeability of their shared border. Both countries turned to a combination of direct and indirect control to assert their authority and police movement across the line. Direct control utilized military units, police officers, customs officials, and border guards to restrict movement by stopping individuals at the border itself. This approach had minimal success in limiting the movement of groups such as the Coast Salish, Lakota, Dakota, and Cree. In response, both countries employed indirect border-control strategies that attacked the motivations for crossing the border instead of its physical manifestation. They used rations, annuities, extra-legal evictions, and reserve land to impose national boundaries onto First Nations communities in the prairies and on the West Coast. The application of this indirect approach differed by region, by tribe, and by community leading to a ragged set of borderland policies that remained in flux throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

scholarly journals Discretionary Access Controls for a Collaborative Virtual Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wright ◽  
Greg Madey
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environment ◽  
Discretionary Access Control ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Restrict Movement

As collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) are more widely used, participant access to CVE objects and information becomes a significant concern. In virtual reality games, storefronts, classrooms, and laboratories, for example, the need to control access to spaces and objects is integral to the security of activities taking place there. However, limited access controls are typically available in CVEs. Often, such controls are course-grained, only protecting against movements by unauthorized participants into specific areas. In answer to this deficiency, we offer a discretionary access control (DAC) system based on traditional concepts of users and groups, and tailored to the needs of a CVE. Our system, called WonderDAC, includes the ability to restrict movement into areas, as well as control interactions with objects. A basic WonderDAC prototype has been implemented within the Project Wonderland CVE.

Influence of season, sex, and site availability on fisher (Martes pennanti) rest-site selection in the central hardwood forest

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1416-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Kilpatrick ◽  
Paul W. Rego
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Rest Sites ◽  
Site Types

We monitored 20 adult fishers (8 males, 12 females) to investigate the effects of season, sex, and site availability on rest-site selection by fishers at the southern extent of their range. Data on rest-site locations (n = 219) and random sites (n = 194) were collected from December 1989 through February 1991. Fishers rested in hardwood, softwood, and mixedwood forest types in proportion to their availability in summer; however, hardwoods were used less than expected in winter. Fishers used nests, cavities, and burrows in proportion to their availability in winter. In summer, however, nests were selected twice as often as expected, cavities were used less than expected, and burrows were not used. Male fishers tended to use larger cavity trees and mixed forest stands more often than females did. In winter, fishers were not restricted to coniferous forest types, as occurs at the northern extent of their range, because moderate snow depths did not restrict movement and prey may have been more available in other forest types. Fishers appeared to select rest-site types most suitable for thermoregulation and obtaining prey. Trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 32 cm may provide cavities for rest sites in hardwood-dominated forests.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Negative Interactions

<em>Abstract</em>.—Invasive species are one of the dominant problems fisheries managers face when dealing with management, conservation, or preservation of native fishes. The primary concern is the potential for negative interactions between invasive and native species where the outcome is reduced abundance, fitness, growth, or extirpated native fish species. These negative interactions can come from direct competition for resources, vectors for the spread of disease or parasites, and subtle effects such as altering the flow of energy within and among other trophic levels. Paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>are not exempt from these threats and may even be at a higher risk because they are endemic to historically lotic systems in the central United States where many invasive species are now becoming established. The most prominent invasive threat to paddlefish may be from fellow filter-feeders bighead carp <em>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis </em>and silver carp <em>H. molitrix </em>because they consume similar food resources, possibly displace other pelagic species, and can also change the plankton community to one that cannot be as efficiently used by paddlefish. These two carp species have had a negative influence on native fish communities in other parts of the world, and have been shown to negatively interact with juvenile paddlefish in North America. Response plans that implement a movement barrier or removal of invasive species may also have ramifications for paddlefish in that they restrict movement patterns or reduce abundances as bycatch through harvest schemes. Gaining insights into potential invasive species threats to paddlefish is critical so that informed decisions can be made to prevent ecological damage from the invasive species while optimizing sustainability of native species.

Subscapularis Trigger Points as a Predictor for Frozen Shoulder Syndrome: Correlation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1447-1449
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
Shoulder Syndrome ◽  
Restrict Movement

Trigger points in the shoulder region muscles restrict movement of shoulder and create pain on movement and at rest. The key muscle that must be examined is the subscapularis muscle. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between subscapularis trigger with shoulder pain, shoulder abduction and shoulder external rotation. 50 patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder. Data obtained regarding pressure pain threshold (PPT) using pressure algometry, shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI)using questionnaire, shoulder abduction and external rotation ROM using digital inclinometer were statistically analysed and compared. Strong negative significant correlation between PPT with SPADI, strong positive significant correlation between PPT with shoulder abduction and external rotation. Subscapularis trigger points in patients with frozen shoulder affect shoulder pain, shoulder abduction, and external rotation.

scholarly journals The Pheromone and Pheromone Receptor Mating-Type Locus Is Involved in Controlling Uniparental Mitochondrial Inheritance in Cryptococcus

Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Sun ◽  
Ci Fu ◽  
Giuseppe Ianiri ◽  
Joseph Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Pheromone Receptor ◽  
Selfish Genetic Elements ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Mitochondria are inherited uniparentally during sexual reproduction in the majority of eukaryotic species studied, including humans, mice, and nematodes, as well as many fungal species. Mitochondrial uniparental inheritance (mito-UPI) could be beneficial in that it avoids possible genetic conflicts between organelles with different genetic backgrounds, as recently shown in mice, and it could prevent the spread of selfish genetic elements in the mitochondrial genome. Despite the prevalence of observed mito-UPI, the underlying mechanisms and the genes involved in controlling this non-Mendelian inheritance are poorly understood in many species. In Cryptococcus neoformans, a human pathogenic basidiomyceteous fungus, mating types (MATα and MATa) are defined by alternate alleles at the single MAT locus that evolved from fusion of the two MAT loci (P/R encoding pheromones and pheromone receptors, and HD encoding homeodomain transcription factors) that are the ancestral state in the basidiomycota. Mitochondria are inherited uniparentally from the MATa parent in C. neoformans, and this requires the SXI1α and SXI2a HD factors encoded by MAT. However, there is evidence that additional genes contribute to the control of mito-UPI in Cryptococcus. Here, we show that in C. amylolentus, a sibling species of C. neoformans with unlinked P/R and HD MAT loci, mito-UPI is controlled by the P/R locus and is independent of the HD locus. Consistently, by replacing the MATα alleles of the pheromones (MF) and pheromone receptor (STE3) with the MATa alleles, we show that these P/R locus-defining genes indeed affect mito-UPI in C. neoformans during sexual reproduction. Additionally, we show that during early stages of C. neoformans sexual reproduction, conjugation tubes are always produced by the MATα cells, resulting in unidirectional migration of the MATα nucleus into the MATa cell during zygote formation. This process is controlled by the P/R locus and could serve to physically restrict movement of MATα mitochondria in the zygotes, and thereby contribute to mito-UPI. We propose a model in which both physical and genetic mechanisms function in concert to prevent the coexistence of mitochondria from the two parents in the zygote, and subsequently in the meiotic progeny, thus ensuring mito-UPI in pathogenic Cryptococcus, as well as in closely related nonpathogenic species. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the evolution of mito-UPI in fungi and other more diverse eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Mapping the changing Internet attention to the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yanyu Chen ◽  
Peichao Gao ◽  
Zhiwei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Restrict Movement

The incessant spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a great threat to human health. By 17 March 2020, the number of laboratory-confirmed cases had exceeded 179,000, with more than 7000 deaths across at least 150 countries. Due to the extremely contagious nature of COVID-19, the Chinese government has made broad and aggressive responses to restrict movement, transportation, and business for six to eleven weeks. Wuhan, a city in Hubei province from which COVID-19 emanated, has been quarantined since 12 January 2020, and many other cities have been placed under travel restrictions. Citizens have been strongly encouraged to stay home and limit face-to-face contact; as a result, people’s daily lives are dominated by the Internet as never before. Here, we visualize the spread of COVID-19 and people’s Internet attention in China in the form of cartograms using the diffusion-based method.

scholarly journals The Vital Role of Pink Marketing in the Creation of Women Loyalty

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Women Consumers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of the study: This study stresses the vital role of pink marketing in the creation of women loyalty. The study revolves around the fundamental question: Does the pink marketing mix of Maybelline New York beauty products have any critical effect on women's loyalty in the Kurdistan Region? Methodology: The article applies an analytical-descriptive approach. The data were composed by a questionnaire circulated to 125 women consumers at local shopping malls in Erbil province, Iraq. Statistical tools were used to test and analyze the data using SPSS software. including: descriptive statistics to provide a comprehensive description of the sample in terms of demographics. Arithmetic mean and standard deviations to judge the response of sample items to study variables, Cronbach Alpha to ensure the validity of the study, and Pearson correlation coefficient test to recognize the nature of the relationship between the variables studied. Main Findings: The result showed that pink marketing mix does have a positive relationship with loyalty. Pink product, Pink price, Pink promotion, and place all have modest to weak correlation with loyalty. Research limitations/implications: This article focused on small group of women shoppers and one brand of cosmetics in its survey thus, the findings can't be comprehensive to cover the whole region due to the restrict movement because of COVID 19 outbreak in the region. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings of the study donates to a full comprehension of viable pink marketing mix for achieving women shoppers' loyalty precisely in the cosmetics and beauty supplies industry, and propose a direction to marketers on how to move women shoppers to be loyal.

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