In vitro effects of Trichoderma secondary metabolites on Phaeoacremonium aleophilum

Background: PPARγ is known to be a key regulator of metabolism and storage of lipids and glucose and to be implicated in the pathology of severe syndromes like obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Methods: As a continuation of the authors' studies on oxyprenylated secondary metabolites as effective PPARγ agonists, the authors describe herein the chemical synthesis of natural O-prenyl cinnamaldehydes and cinnamyl alcohols and preliminary data on their in vitro effects on PPARγ transcription. Results: Among the panel of eight compounds tested, three – namely, (2E)-3-(4-((E)3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde, (2E)-3-(4-((E)3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ol and boropinal A – exerted activity in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: O-prenyl cinnamaldehydes and cinnamyl alcohols have the potential to effectively interact with PPARγ receptor.

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Potential of Ethanol Extracted Secondary Metabolites of Plants from Thal Desert (Pakistan) for In vitro Changes in Haematological Indices

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i31a31663 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

Ghulam Yasin ◽

Mubasharah Sabir ◽

Iqra Anwar ◽

Adeela Altaf ◽

Syeda Amna Batool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Stem Extract ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Toxic Potential ◽

Stressful Environments

Plants are adapted to stressful environments by synthesizing secondary metabolites as antioxidant having either toxicological or medicinal properties. Before utilizations of metabolites one should explore reality about their nature. By testing their in vitro effects on blood, their curing or toxic potential for influence on physiology and health status of an individual can be evaluated. In this experiment, secondary metabolites of some shrubs of Thal desert of Pakistan were extracted in ethanol and used to explore their in vitro effects on some hematological attributes as enlisted in tables. Results were statistically analyzed using Analysis Of Variance. Means of data were compared to control by DMR (Duncan’s multiple range) procedure. Ethanolic extract increased the leucocytes count granulocytes percentage, monocytes lymphocytes MCV, MCH and platelets except extract of Haloxylon stem. HBG were decreased by extract of stems of Leptadenia, Calligonum and Salsola. Leptadenia stem extract also decreased the platelets. Lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and RBC were increased by most of the plant extracts. The practical application of the plant secondary metabolites needs careful further extensive study.

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Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1320443 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

Author(s):

HM Lee ◽

TG Ahn ◽

CW Kim ◽

HJ An

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Effects

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In Vitro Effects of Urokinase — Prevention by Different Inhibitors

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1647327 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (03) ◽

pp. 402-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M D Oethinger ◽

E Seifried

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Thrombin Time ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Chloromethyl Ketone ◽

Control Value ◽

Dose Time ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Full Protection

SummaryThe present in vitro study investigated dose-, time- and temperature-dependent effects of two-chain urokinase plasminogen activato(u-PA, urokinase) on normal citrated plasma. When 10 μg/ml u-PA wereadded to pooled normal plasma and incubated for 30 min at an ambient temperature (25° C), α2-antiplas-min decreased to 8% of the control value. Incubation on ice yielded a decrease to 45% of control,whereas α2-antiplasmin was fully consumed at 37° C. Fibrinogen and plasminogen fell to 46% and 39%, respectively, after a 30 min incubation at 25° C. Thrombin time prolonged to 190% of control.Various inhibitors were studied with respect to their suitability and efficacy to prevent these in vitro effects. Aprotinin exhibited a good protective effect on fibrinogen at concentrations exceeding 500 KlU/ml plasma. Its use, however, was limited due to interferences with some haemostatic assays. We could demonstrate that L-Glutamyl-L-Glycyl-L-Arginyl chloromethyl ketone (GGACK) and a specific polyclonal anti-u-PA-antibody (anti-u-PA-IgG) effectively inhibited urokinase-induced plasmin generation without interfering with haemostatic assays. The anti-u-PA-antibody afforded full protection ofα2-antiplasmin at therapeutic levels of u-PA.It is concluded that u-PA in plasma samples from patients during thrombolytic therapy may induce in vitro effects which should be prevented by the use of a suitable inhibitor such as GGACK or specific anti-u-PA-antibody.

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In Vitro Effects of Ethanol on Rabbit Platelet Aggregation, Secretion of Granule Contents, and Cyclic AMP Levels in the Presence of Prostacyclin

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646570 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 61 (02) ◽

pp. 254-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Margaret L Rand ◽

Peter L Gross ◽

Donna M Jakowec ◽

Marian A Packham ◽

J Fraser Mustard

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Rabbit Platelet ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Rabbit Platelets ◽

High Concentrations ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryEthanol, at physiologically tolerable concentrations, inhibits platelet responses to low concentrations of collagen or thrombin, but does not inhibit responses of washed rabbit platelets stimulated with high concentrations of ADP, collagen, or thrombin. However, when platelet responses to high concentrations of collagen or thrombin had been partially inhibited by prostacyclin (PGI2), ethanol had additional inhibitory effects on aggregation and secretion. These effects were also observed with aspirin- treated platelets stimulated with thrombin. Ethanol had no further inhibitory effect on aggregation of platelets stimulated with ADP, or the combination of ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the inhibitory effects of ethanol on platelet responses in the presence of PGI2 were very similar to its inhibitory effects in the absence of PGI2, when platelets were stimulated with lower concentrations of collagen or thrombin. Ethanol did not appear to exert its inhibitory effects by increasing cyclic AMP above basal levels and the additional inhibitory effects of ethanol in the presence of PGI2 did not appear to be brought about by further increases in platelet cyclic AMP levels.

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Comparison of Specific Antibody, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl and Aprotinin for Prevention of In Vitro Effects of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator on Haemostasis Parameters

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646016 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 58 (03) ◽

pp. 921-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

E Seifried ◽

P Tanswell

Keyword(s):

Specific Antibody ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Control Value ◽

Type Plasminogen Activator ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryIn vitro, concentration-dependent effects of rt-PA on a range of coagulation and fibrinolytic assays in thawed plasma samples were investigated. In absence of a fibrinolytic inhibitor, 2 μg rt-PA/ml blood (3.4 μg/ml plasma) caused prolongation of clotting time assays and decreases of plasminogen (to 44% of the control value), fibrinogen (to 27%), α2-antiplasmin (to 5%), FV (to 67%), FVIII (to 41%) and FXIII (to 16%).Of three inhibitors tested, a specific polyclonal anti-rt-PA antibody prevented interferences in all fibrinolytic and most clotting assays. D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl (PPACK) enabled correct assays of fibrinogen and fibrinolytic parameters but interfered with coagulometric assays dependent on endogenous thrombin generation. Aprotinin was suitable only for a restricted range of both assay types.Most in vitro effects were observed only with rt-PA plasma concentrations in excess of therapeutic values. Nevertheless it is concluded that for clinical application, collection of blood samples on either specific antibody or PPACK is essential for a correct assessment of in vivo effects of rt-PA on the haemostatic system in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy.

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Observations on the in vitro Effects of Chylomicra, Low-Density Lipoproteins and Phospholipids on Human Plasma Euglobulin Lysis

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1654971 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 09 (01) ◽

pp. 164-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Albert R Pappenhagen ◽

J. L Koppel ◽

John H Olwin

Keyword(s):

Human Plasma ◽

Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽

Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽

Plasma Lipoproteins ◽

Low Density ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Soybean Phospholipids ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Complete Precipitation

SummaryData have been presented on the in vitro effects of human chylomicra, low-density human plasma lipoproteins, and partially purified preparations of various phospholipids on human plasma euglobulin lysis. Euglobulin lysis was found to be accelerated by preparations of mixed soybean phospholipids (aso-lectin), cephalin, phosphatidyl inositol, phophatidyl serine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. In contrast, it was found to be inhibited by preparations of human chylomicra, low-density human plasma liproproteins and lecithin. Inhibition of euglobulin lysis produced by any of these three agents could be diminished or completely overcome by the simultaneous presence of suitable levels of any one of the accelerating agents. In all cases studied, both inhibitory and accelerating effects were observed to be concentration-dependent. Evidence has been obtained to suggest that in the case of the accelerating agents the observed increased rate of euglobulin lysis is not a direct effect on lysis itself, but rather is due to more complete precipitation of plasminogen in the presence of these substances. On the other hand, it appears that the inhibitory effects observed are not related to the extent of plasminogen precipitation, but are actually true inhibitions of euglobulin lysis. The possible clinical significance of some of these observations has been briefly discussed.

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