scholarly journals Women in Brazilian neurosurgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Henrique S. Ivamoto
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Online News ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Regional Council ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
The World

AbstractMedicine remained as a male profession during many centuries, but the proportion of women rose steadily during the second part of the 20th century in the world and in Brazil. In 2006 they became the majority (51.75%) of the new physicians licensed by the Regional Council of Medicine of the State of São Paulo. Nevertheless, the proportion of women in Neurosurgery and in directive posts in entities of the specialty in Brazil continue very low or absent. Data obtained from the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery and the Brazilian Academy of Neurosurgery are very similar to those of the American counterparts, like the proportion of women among the associates, around 5%, and one single female chief of a service certified for training in each country. Authors from WINS, an American entity, reported several problems suffered by female neurosurgeons, including gender discrimination. Such occurrences, as reported in online news, should alert against discriminatory attitudes.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

scholarly journals Climatology and Trend of Severe Drought Events in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, during the 20th Century

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gozzo ◽  
Doris Palma ◽  
Maria Custodio ◽  
Jeferson Machado
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Medium Range Weather Forecast

Drought is a natural hazard with critical societal and economic consequences to millions of people around the world. In this paper, we present the climatology of severe drought events that occurred during the 20th century in the region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. To account for the effects of rainfall deficit and changes in temperature at a climatic timescale, we chose the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to identify severe droughts over the city of Sao Paulo, and the eastern and central-western regions of the state. Events were identified using weather station data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis data, in order to assess the representation of drought periods in both datasets. Results show that the reanalysis seems suitable to represent the number of events and their mean duration, severity and intensity, but the timing and characteristics of individual events are not well reproduced. The correlation between observation and reanalysis SPEI time series is low to moderate in all cases. A linear trend analysis between 1901 and 2010 shows a tendency of increasing (decreasing) severe drought events in the central and western (eastern) Sao Paulo state, according to observational data. This is in agreement with previous findings, and the reanalysis presents this same signal. The weakened trend values in the reanalysis may be associated with issues in representing precipitation in this dataset.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Mesocyclops ogunnus Onabamiro, 1957 (Copepoda Cyclopoida) in water bodies of São Paulo State, identified as Mesocyclops kieferi Van de Velde, 1984

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MATSUMURA-TUNDISI ◽  
W. M. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The World ◽  
São Paulo State ◽  
Copepoda Cyclopoida

The aim of this work is clarify the identification of Mesocyclops ogunnus that occur in several reservoirs in the State of São Paulo and that was previously identified as Mesocyclops kieferi. These two species are closely related species with very similar characteristics. The differential characteristics are presented and the distribution of both species in the world is discussed.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Francisco Vidal Luna ◽  
Herbert S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the basic themes discussed in the book and the major conclusions reached which explain the rise of São Paulo to its important leadership position. We stress the importance of coffee, the role of the state in promoting the economy, the impact of immigration and the infrastructure established which enabled the state to become the leading economy in the second half of the 20th century

A Tábua Humana (Human Board), 2010.

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-56
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Subject

The project represents a staging of a historical experiment, inspired by the hypnosis demonstrations of the beginning of the 20th century, where the subject, induced by a hypnotist, poses rigidly between two chairs, almost levitating, this rigidity being attributed to the state of trance of the subject. The project consists of a stereoscopic photographic series made at the exhibition site, with the workers helping with the assembling of the exhibition. The series is displayed in a 3D viewfinder, placed on the same chairs used in the photographs. This project was realized during the exhibition program of Centro Cultural São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010.

scholarly journals Study of underreporting of cases of meningitis during a Covid-19 pandemic in the state of São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Gomes Diniz e Silva ◽  
Daniel Rocha Diniz Teles ◽  
Sabrina de Freitas Barros Soares ◽  
Antônio Fernando Soares Menezes Segundo
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: In 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought an overload on the health system. This also impacted the care of other diseases such as meningitis. Meningitis is classified into infectious and non-infectious meningitis, and its prognosis changes with the etiology. Objective: To assess notifications of meningitis in São Paulo compared to the country before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An analytical epidemiological study was carried out, from the DATASUS platform, of meningitis notifications, from 2016 to September 2020 in the state of São Paulo in comparison to the country. Results: In 2020 there was a drop in meningitis notifications in São Paulo regarding the average of cases between 2016-2019, where 1,837 cases were reported in 2020, while the average of 2016-2019 was 6,800 notifications, a decrease of approximately 27%. What was also observed in the country, where in 2020, 4,718 cases were reported compared to the 2016- 2019 average of 16,603 cases, a drop of 28.4%. There was a slight increase in the mortality from meningitis in the state from 6% to 7%. Conclusions: Knowing that there was a significant drop in notifications of cases of meningitis in the state of São Paulo and in the country, we can suspect a correlation with the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, there are some possibilities for this phenomenon: the population with meningitis, for fear of becoming infected, did not seek health services or the overload of health services to monitor patients with COVID-19 led to underreporting of meningitis cases.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impact of Delaying Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Assuming Unlimited Vaccines Supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Massad ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAt the moment we have more than 109 million cases and 2.4 million deaths around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far.MethodsWe propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus induces disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths by the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations.ResultsThe model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths until the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, that for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithm fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole.ConclusionsOur model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

scholarly journals FUTEBOL NOS ANOS 1930 E 1940: CONSTRUINDO A IDENTIDADE NACIONAL

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Plínio José Labriola de Campos Negreiros
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Special Events ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Este texto apresenta algumas questões acerca do relacionamento entre o futebol e a construção da identidade nacional no Brasil, especificamente a partir dos anos 1930. Para isso, a nossa atenção se volta para dois eventos especiais dentro da história do futebol no Brasil: a Copa de 38 e o Estádio do Pacaembu (1940). Quanto à participação dos brasileiros na Copa do Mundo de 1938, simbolicamente, reforçou-se a idéia de que aquela não era uma mera disputa esportiva. Ao mesmo tempo, este trabalho olha para a construção do estádio do Pacaembu, em São Paulo, enquanto uma obra que sintetiza não apenas a experiência do futebol em São Paulo, mas também as relações desse esporte com o espaço urbano. Soccer in the 1930’s and 1940’s: building the national identity Abstract This text presents some questions about the relationship between soccer and the construction of Brazil’s national identity, specifically the 1930’s. With this intention, our attention turns to two special events in Brazilian soccer history: the World Cup of 1938 and the Pacaembu Stadium (1940). Concerning the Brazilian participation in the World Cup of 1938, we show how soccer has been articulated with the Brazilian society. Symbolically, the idea that it was not an only sports competition was reinforced. At the same time, this work consist viewing the construction of the Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo as a work that not only synthesizes São Paulo’s experience with soccer, but also the relation between urban areas and the sport.

Paulista Agriculture, 1899–1950

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-131
Author(s):  
Francisco Vidal Luna ◽  
Herbert S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
State Government ◽  
World Market ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Market Signals ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

The growth of this powerful state government to 1930 would be crucial to the survival of São Paulo agriculture in the next half century. The secular growth of the coffee economy up to the end of the 19th century was spectacular. But the constant incorporation of ever more virgin lands into this coffee economy created problems of overproduction as the state alone produced more coffee than the world market could consume. The paulista planters had difficulty responding to these market signals and in the end required significant assistance from the new state government to control crop output. This direct intervention of both the state and federal governments in the coffee economy, defines paulista agriculture in the 20th century.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impact of Delaying Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 Assuming Unlimited Vaccines Supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAt the moment we have more than 109 million cases and 2.4 million deaths around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far.MethodsWe propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against COVID-19 on the number of cases and deaths by the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations.ResultsThe model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths until the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, that for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithm fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole.ConclusionsOur model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

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