Conclusion

Author(s):  
Francisco Vidal Luna ◽  
Herbert S. Klein

This chapter examines the basic themes discussed in the book and the major conclusions reached which explain the rise of São Paulo to its important leadership position. We stress the importance of coffee, the role of the state in promoting the economy, the impact of immigration and the infrastructure established which enabled the state to become the leading economy in the second half of the 20th century

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kando Fukushima ◽  
Marilda Lopes Pinheiro Queluz

ResumoO presente artigo investiga cartazes fotografados nas ruas de Curitiba-PR e São Paulo-SP (2015-2016), pelo viés das discussões sobre a descolonialidade de autores como Anibal Quijano, Edgardo Lander e María Lugones. Os cartazes analisados são aqueles colados de forma irregular, conhecidos como "lambes". Foram selecionados por seus conteúdos contestatórios e propostas contra-hegemônicas. Os principais temas abordados estão relacionados com questões de raça, gênero, classe e o papel do Estado nos conflitos e resistências diante dos discursos e práticas de exploração. Parte-se de uma descrição do conteúdo visual e textual desses cartazes, assim como uma contextualização de seus temas e dos espaços onde eles foram colocados com a finalidade de refletirmos sobre a problemática da colonialidade contemporânea.Palavras-chave: cartaz; colonialidade, paisagem urbana FRINGE OF THE STREETS: posters as contestatory voicesAbstractThe present paper addresses some examples of posters photographed in the streets of Curitiba-PR and São Paulo-SP (2015-2016), by the bias of decolonial thinking writers such as Anibal Quijano, Edgardo Lander e María Lugones. The posters analysed are the ones placed in irregular manner, known as “lambes”. They were selected for their dissent content and counter-hegemonic proposals. The main themes deals with issues related to race, gender, class and the role of the state in the conflicts and resistance in the face of social exploitation. It depicts the visual and textual content of these posters, as well as a contextualization of the themes and the spaces they were placed, with the purpose of reflecting on the issues of the contemporary coloniality.Keywords: poster; coloniality; urban landscape


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Ana Priscila De Sousa Sá

O artigo teceu alguns comentários sobre a conjuntura política do Império do Brasil de meados do século XIX, as posições políticas e o papel do Estado na obra de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen. Monarquista assumido e afinado com as ideias de conservação da ordem e centralização do governo, para o historiador paulista, o Estado era o principal instrumento de construção da nação. Num momento de consolidação do poder imperial no Segundo Reinado, Varnhagen, como outros letrados e estadistas, escreveram pensando num futuro promissor para o Brasil.*In this paper, we elaborated some comments about the political conjuncture of the Brazilian Empire in the mid-nineteenth-century, the political positions and the role of the State in Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen’s work. A self-recognized monarchist and in tune with the ideas of conservation of the order and centralization of the government, for the historian of São Paulo, the State was the main instrument of construction of the nation. At a moment of consolidation of imperial power in the Second Reign, Varnhagen, like other scholars and statesmen, wrote for a promising future for Brazil.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256092
Author(s):  
Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽  
Maisa Camillo Jordão ◽  
Carlos Felipe Bonacina ◽  
André Oswaldo Veronezi ◽  
Carlos Ariel Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
...  

The state of São Paulo, Brazil, where more than 94.000 dentists are currently registered, has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentists in this state. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 93.280 dentists with active registration in the Dental Council of São Paulo (CROSP). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, dental practice characteristics and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between all the variables (p<0.05). Over 8 days, 2113 responses were received. Only 26.52% of the sample reported a low-income reduction (from 0–10%), while the majority of dentists reported a more negative financial impact, 35.6% with a reduction of more than 50% of their monthly income. Dentists who worked in the private sector and at the capital had a greater financial impact when compared to those of the public sector and countryside of the state (p<0.05). Furthermore, about 83% reported not having received any specific training to control the transmission of coronavirus in the health area. This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine of dentists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Hopefully, this study will help dental and other health care professionals to better understand the consequences of disease in dental settings and strengthen preparedness throughout the dental health care system.


2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Ruberval Leone Azevedo ◽  
Marcel Faria Lima

A citricultura no Brasil exerce um papel de grande importância econômica, social, gerando empregos, renda e desenvolvimento. O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de citros, o Estado de Sergipe destaca-se em 5º lugar nacional em produção. Dentre os vários problemas fitossanitários enfrentados pela citricultura brasileira está a Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC), conhecida como amarelinho, causada pela bactéria Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. A CVC foi identificada oficialmente no Brasil, em 1987, em pomares do Triângulo Mineiro e do Norte e Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. No Nordeste, foi constatada em 1996 em Sergipe no município de Boquim, e em 1997 na Bahia, nos municípios de Rio Real e Itapicuru. O objetivo foi revisar a literatura sobre as espécies de cigarrinhas vetores da CVC, e verificar se ocorrem no estado de Sergipe. Os primeiros sintomas são vistos nas folhas, passam posteriormente para os frutos e acabam afetando toda a planta, e para serem percebidos pode levar entre 5 meses e 2 anos. Os principais vetores da X. fastidiosa em citros são as cigarrinhas da família Cicadellidae. No Brasil já foram confirmadas 12 espécies de cigarrinhas vetoras. Para o estado de Sergipe, são escassas a informações sobre Cicadellidae vetoras, os dados são limitados ao Litoral Norte da Bahia, com exceção de vaga citação sobre quatro gêneros (Oncometropia, Acrogonia, Dilobopterus e Homolodisca) e três espécies (Homolodisca ignorata Melichar, Acrogonia sp. e Homolodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey). Citrus leafhoppers, Vectors of of Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.: Potential Pest of Citrus Crops in Sergipe State Abstract. The citrus industry in Brazil plays a role of great economic, social, generating jobs, income and development. Brazil is the largest producer of citrus, the State of Sergipe stands out in 5th place in national production. Among the many pest problems faced by Brazilian citrus is Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC), known as the yellowing caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. The CVC was officially identified in Brazil in 1987, in orchards of “Triângulo Mineiro” and North and northwest of the state of São Paulo. In the Northeast Region of Brazil, was found in 1996 in the municipality of Boquim Sergipe, and Bahia in 1997, the municipalities of Rio Real and Itapicuru. The aim was to review the literature on the species of leafhoppers vectors of CVC, and verify that occur in the state of Sergipe. The first symptoms are seen in the leaves, then go for the fruits and end up affecting the entire plant, and to be perceived can take between five months and two years. The main vectors of X. fastidiosa in citrus are the sharpshooters of the family Cicadellidae. In Brazil 12 sharpshooters species have already been confirmed. For the state of Sergipe, is scarce information about the Cicadellidae vectors, the data are limited to the northern coast of Bahia, except for vague quote about four genus (Oncometropia, Acrogonia, Dilobopterus and Homolodisca) and three species (Homolodisca ignorata Melichar, Acrogonia sp. and Homolodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey).


Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gozzo ◽  
Doris Palma ◽  
Maria Custodio ◽  
Jeferson Machado

Drought is a natural hazard with critical societal and economic consequences to millions of people around the world. In this paper, we present the climatology of severe drought events that occurred during the 20th century in the region of Sao Paulo, Brazil. To account for the effects of rainfall deficit and changes in temperature at a climatic timescale, we chose the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to identify severe droughts over the city of Sao Paulo, and the eastern and central-western regions of the state. Events were identified using weather station data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis data, in order to assess the representation of drought periods in both datasets. Results show that the reanalysis seems suitable to represent the number of events and their mean duration, severity and intensity, but the timing and characteristics of individual events are not well reproduced. The correlation between observation and reanalysis SPEI time series is low to moderate in all cases. A linear trend analysis between 1901 and 2010 shows a tendency of increasing (decreasing) severe drought events in the central and western (eastern) Sao Paulo state, according to observational data. This is in agreement with previous findings, and the reanalysis presents this same signal. The weakened trend values in the reanalysis may be associated with issues in representing precipitation in this dataset.


Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Ginger Frost

This article uses 116 divorce or separation cases involving people of color between 1872 and 1940 to interrogate the role of the state in adjudicating racially mixed marriages in Britain. These examples demonstrate the rising population of imperial subjects within the U.K., but also that marital cases could reverse in-migration, due to embarrassment and expense for all parties. In addition, gender and class factors limited the impact of race in the court. Men’s advantages in bringing cases overcame some racial prejudices, and rich men, whatever their color, could hire effective representation. Race only impacted divorce cases when women could play on stereotypes of violent men, or when men of color were co-respondents and thus broke up homes. Still, the number of undefended cases limited the influence of race in most divorce suits.


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