Evidence of Phylogenetic Canalisation of the Circulating Platelet Mass in Man

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E von Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
Biochemical Function ◽  
Objective Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Platelet Mass

SummaryPhylogenetically mammalian platelets are an apocrine secretion from nucleated thrombocytes, and biologically the number of circulating fragments is irrelevant compared with their total mass and biochemical function. The literature on human genetic derangements affecting the circulating platelet mass is reviewed. The product of platelet count and platelet volume is shown to be “canalised” since many congenital forms of thrombocytopenia are associated with a reciprocal increase in the mean platelet volume. Considerations of platelet size are essential since macrothrombocytopenia is a racial characteristic of many Mediterranean peoples and probably also occurs frequently in others races. The location of platelet disorders in relation to the phylogenetic canal provides an objective classification which has diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic significance.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mean Platelet Volume, Platelet Count, Neutrophil/ Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in the Euthyroid, Overt Hypothyroid and Subclinical Hyperthyroid Phases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faruk Kutluturk ◽  
Serdar S. Gul ◽  
Safak Sahin ◽  
Turker Tasliyurt
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
The Mean

Introduction:Thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development, differentiation, metabolic balance and physiological function of all tissues. Mean platelet volume (MPV) indicates mean platelet size and reflects platelet production rate and stimulation. Increased platelet size has been observed in association with known cardiovascular risk factors. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are known markers of the systemic inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone changes by comparing platelet count, MPV values, NLR and PLR in thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods:Forty-nine females and nine males comprising a total of 58 patients were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters of patients were recorded in the following three phases of the disease: euthyroid phase (before thyroid surgery), overt hypothyroid (OH) phase (before radioactive iodine [RAI] treatment) and subclinical hyperthyroid (SCH) phase (six months after RAI treatment).Results:The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values of the patients in the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases were 1.62±1.17, 76.4±37.5 and 0.09±0.07 μIU/mL, respectively. The mean MPV values of the patients in the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases were 9.45±1.33, 9.81±1.35 and 9.96±1.21 fL, respectively. MPV was significantly higher in the SCH phase than in the euthyroid phase (p=0.013). Platelet count, NLR and PLR were not statistically different between the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrated that the levels of MPV increased significantly in the SCH phase in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and increased MPV values contributed to increased risk of cardiovascular complications. These findings suggest that MPV can be a valuable, practical parameter for monitoring the haemostatic condition in thyroid disorders. No significant difference was observed in platelet count, NLR and PLR in all stages of PTC.

Acute and Chronic Changes in Platelet Volume and Count After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Induced Thrombocytopenia in Man

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Martin ◽  
T D Daniel ◽  
E A Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artery Bypass Graft ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Mean

SummaryPatients undergoing surgery for coronary artery bypass graft or heart valve replacement had their platelet count and mean volume measured pre-operatively, immediately post-operatively and serially for up to 48 days after the surgical procedure. The mean pre-operative platelet count of 1.95 ± 0.11 × 1011/1 (n = 26) fell significantly to 1.35 ± 0.09 × 1011/1 immediately post-operatively (p <0.001) (n = 22), without a significant alteration in the mean platelet volume. The average platelet count rose to a maximum of 5.07 ± 0.66 × 1011/1 between days 14 and 17 after surgery while the average mean platelet volume fell from preparative and post-operative values of 7.25 ± 0.14 and 7.20 ± 0.14 fl respectively to a minimum of 6.16 ± 0.16 fl by day 20. Seven patients were followed for 32 days or longer after the operation. By this time they had achieved steady state thrombopoiesis and their average platelet count was 2.44 ± 0.33 × 1011/1, significantly higher than the pre-operative value (p <0.05), while their average mean platelet volume was 6.63 ± 0.21 fl, significantly lower than before surgery (p <0.001). The pre-operative values for the platelet volume and counts of these patients were significantly different from a control group of 32 young males, while the chronic post-operative values were not. These long term changes in platelet volume and count may reflect changes in the thrombopoietic control system secondary to the corrective surgery.

scholarly journals Platelet-associated immunoglobulin, platelet size, and the effect of splenectomy in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Corash ◽  
B Shafer ◽  
RM Blaese
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Effect Of Splenectomy

Abstract Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) thrombocytopenia is frequently improved by splenectomy, although the mechanism of the thrombocytopenia and its resolution are unknown. Previous studies in two patients have shown that mean platelet volume, which is characteristically reduced in WAS, increased along with platelet count postsplenectomy. Additional studies in a limited number of patients have also demonstrated that platelet- associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG) is elevated presplenectomy, but to date no postsplenectomy data have been reported. The present study was performed to more fully evaluate the effect of splenectomy on platelet volume and PAIgG in WAS. Before splenectomy, mean platelet volume was reduced but platelet size was broadly distributed with substantial overlap of the normal range. PAIgG was significantly elevated in 13 of 14 presplenectomy WAS patients (means = 78.9 fg per platelet) and fell to normal levels postoperatively (means = 4.0 fg per platelet). Platelet count and clinical status improved postsplenectomy, and mean platelet volume and platelet volume distribution returned to the normal range. WAS subjects who relapsed with recurrent thrombocytopenia redeveloped elevated PAIgG but maintained normal platelet size. The spleen appears to play a critical role in a process that may be immunologically mediated and results in reduced platelet size.

Effects of biological variations on platelet count in healthy subjects in China

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (02) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Lu ◽  
Tokuhiro Okada ◽  
Tamiaki Kondo ◽  
Changgeng Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Normal Platelet Count ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe effects of biological variations on platelet counts were investigated in 694 healthy subjects aged 18 to 60 years living in three cities including Chengdu (Sichuan Province), Suzhou (Jiangsu Province) and Harbin (Heilongjang Province) in China. Platelet counts in healthy subjects were significantly lower in Chengdu (52∼202 X 109/L) and Suzhou (60∼259 X 109/L) than in Harbin (154∼348 X 109/L)(p <0.0001), but the mean platelet volume (MPV) determined concurrently was negatively correlated with platelet count, the MPV values were significantly higher in Chengdu (11.8∼15.6 fl) and Suzhou (10.9∼15.8 fl) than in Harbin (9.5∼12.9 fl) (p < 0.0001). Platelet counts were significantly higher in summer (73∼289 X 109/L) than in winter (52∼202 X 109/L) (p <0.0001), but the MPV values were lower in summer (11.2∼14.7 fl) than in winter (11.8∼15.6 fl) (p <0.05) in Chengdu. Platelet associated immunoglobulin (PA-IgG) in Chengdu was revealed to be significantly higher in the low platelet count group (<150 X 109/L, 13.5 ± 7.1 ng/107 PLT) than in the normal platelet count group (≥150 X 109/L, 8.3 ± 2.7 ng/107 PLT)(p <0.0001). Similar results were observed in Suzhou for the reticulated platelet ratio, which was significantly higher in the low platelet count group (19.5 ± 7.1%) than in the normal platelet count group (11.6 ± 2.7%)(p <0.01). The bleeding time in Chengdu showed a significantly longer time in the low platelet count group (8.6 ± 2.3 min) than in the normal platelet count group (6.0 ± 1.2 min)(p <0.01). With regard to the effects of lipids on platelet counts, the HDL values were significantly higher in the normal platelet count group (1.60 ± 0.76 mmol/L) than the low platelet count group (1.23 ± 0.31 mmol/L) (p <0.01); but no significant differences in cholesterol and triglycerides values between the normal and low platelet count groups (p >0.05) were recorded. These findings suggest that the platelet counts could be greatly influenced in healthy subjects by biological variations such as geographical, seasonal, and lipid variations.

Differences in human and sheep platelet adherence, aggregation and activation induced by glass beads in a modified chandler loop-system

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
G. Greif ◽  
C. Mrowietz ◽  
H. Meyer-Sievers ◽  
M. Ganter ◽  
F. Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Chandler Loop ◽  
Silicon Tube ◽  
The Mean

In human cardiovascular research, sheep in particular are used as a large animal model in addition to pigs. In these animals, medical products, developed and tested for human medical purposes, are almost exclusively used in interventional studies. Therefore, the extent to which platelets from human and ovine blood differ in terms of adherence, aggregation and activation after a 4- or 8-minutes exposure to glass was investigated. Testing was performed with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and a modified Chandler loop system, with 4- and 8-minute blood-material exposure times corresponding to 20 and 40 test cycles, respectively, through the entire silicon tube loop of the test system. In sheep and human PRP, contact with the silicone tubing resulted in a decrease in platelet count after 4 minutes and 20 test cycles, respectively. Four more minutes (20 additional test cycles) caused a further decrease of the platelet count only in sheep PRP. When the silicon tube was partly filled with glass beads, these effects were more pronounced and stronger in sheep then in human PRP. The mean platelet volume, which was used as parameter for platelet aggregation, did not change over time in human PRP without glass exposure. With glass exposure in human and sheep PRP the mean platelet volume increased within 40 test cycles, but this increase was stronger in sheep than in human PRP. Regarding activation behavior, the activation markers CD62P and CD63 were detectable only in < 30% (sheep) and < 45% (human) of platelets, whereas after 8 min of glass exposure, the proportion of CD62P+ and CD63+ cells was more increased than before only in sheep. These results indicate that ovine platelets adhere more strongly to glass and show stronger aggregation behavior after glass contact than human platelets, but that ovine and human platelets differ only slightly in activability by glass.

The platelet functions in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Anti-TNF-αtherapy decreases the mean platelet volume and platelet mass

Platelets ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Yazici ◽  
Mehmet Yazici ◽  
Burak Erer ◽  
Betül Erer ◽  
Yalkin Çalik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Platelet Functions ◽  
Platelet Mass

Platelet Reactivity in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Evidence for Differences in Platelet Behaviour between Unstable Angina and Myocardial Infarction

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (06) ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Mathur ◽  
Monique Robinson ◽  
James Cotton ◽  
John Martin ◽  
Jorge Erusalimsky
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
Coronary Syndromes

SummaryPrevious work has shown that P-selectin and mean platelet volume, two markers associated with platelet reactivity, are elevated in acute coronary syndromes. This study investigated the possibility that these markers may define unstable angina (UA) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) as two separate conditions based on platelet behaviour. Mean platelet volume (MPV) was higher in UA patients (n = 15) than in those diagnosed with MI (n = 15) (10.7 ± 0.25 fL, vs. 9.8 ± 0.27 fL, P = 0.005). Platelet count was lower in UA than in MI (215 ± 13 × 109/L vs. 271 ± 20 × 109/L, P = 0.03). The percentage of platelets expressing P-selectin was higher in MI than in UA (9.1 ± 1.9% vs. 4.2 ± 0.85%, P = 0.03). This parameter was positively correlated with MPV in UA (r = 0.5, P = 0.04) but negatively correlated in MI (r = -0.6, P = 0.01), with no correlation for ACS as a whole (r = –0.32, P = 0.1). Our results suggest that in MI there is an acute process of generalised platelet activation that is unrelated to changes in MPV, whereas in UA there is an ongoing process of platelet consumption that leads to an increase in platelet size to compensate for a persistent decrease in platelet count. This study suggests that there is a fundamental difference in platelet biology between these two diseases.

Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Analysis of Patients with Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3918-3918
Author(s):  
Young-Rok Do ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
Woo Young Park ◽  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Ki Young Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Destruction ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Platelet Size ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Primary Origin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wbc Count

Abstract The normal range of platelet counts of peripheral blood is 150–450 × 109/L. Decreased platelet count results in the increased risk of bleeding. On the other hand, thrombosis formation is more prevalent in the patient of thrombocytosis. The mean platelet volume(MPV) is the mode of the measured platelet volume. There is an inverse relationship between platelet size and number. Therefore, the total platelet mass, the product of the MPV and platelet count is closely regulated. When platelets decrease in number, bone marrow megakaryocytes are stimulated by thrombopoietin, and their nucleus becomes hyperlobulated, with much greater ploidy. These stimulated megakaryocytes produce larger platelets. The platelet distribution width(PDW), is an indicator of the degree of variation in platelet size. PDW is defined as the coefficient of variation of the distribution of individual platelet volumes. So PDW is rising if the platelet destruction is increased while MPV is decreased. 48,340 patients were performed CBC test at Dong-san medical center through out the year of 2004. The platelet count below 150 × 109/L were 5,501(11.4%). Below 100 × 109/L of Platelet count is 2,303(41.8%). Platelet count Below than 20 × 109/L is 73(1.3%), 20–50 × 109/L is 323(5.9%), 50–100 × 109/L is 1,907(34.6%). Hemoglobin is 11g/dL in 50–100 × 109/L group and the hemoglobin is also rose in proportion to platelet count. WBC count is 10,540/L in below 20 × 109/L group and WBC count is decreased in proportion to platelet count. MPV is 9.5fL in 20–50 × 109/L group. PDW is 48.54% in below 20 × 109/L and the percentage is rose in proportion to platelet. Total bilirubin is 3.08g/dL in 20–50 × 109/L. Cause of thrombocytopenia is chronic liver disease, malignancy, infection and hematologic disease and secondary origin is more frequent than primary origin. Patients with thrombocytosis are 8,027(16.6%). The platelet count more than 600 × 109/L is 1,199(14.9%), 600–1,000 × 109/L is 1,051(13.1%), above 1,000 × 109/L is 148(1.8%). The PDW is 49.2% in 600–1,000 × 109/L group, 53% in above 1,000 × 109/L group.

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