Understanding emotion processing in schizophrenia

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
M. K. Keutmann ◽  
R. E. Gur ◽  
R. C. Gur
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
The Face ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Vocal Affect ◽  
Affect Processing

SummaryImpaired emotional functioning is a prominent feature of schizophrenia. Although positive symptoms have traditionally attracted more attention and targeted treatment, negative symptoms, including flat affect, are increasingly recognized as the more debilitating and resistant to intervention. We describe studies examining affect processing in schizophrenia, focusing on facial affect with initial findings in vocal affect, or prosody. Deficits in schizophrenia are pronounced, and studies with functional neuroimaging indicate that the neural substrates for these deficits center on the amygdala and its projections. The abnormalities are highly correlated with symptom severity and functional outcome. While there is quite extensive work on affect recognition abnormalities, deficits have also been documented in the ability to express affect on the face and in voice, and perhaps to a lesser extent in the experience of emotion. These abnormalities can be better studied when methods for quantitative analysis of emotional expression are available. Recognizing the existence of such deficits and their neural substrates will lead to improved approaches to pharmacological and behavioral treatment.

scholarly journals Memory in health and in schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Flat Affect ◽  
History Of

Memory is an important capacity needed for survival in a changing environment, and its principles are shared across species. These principles have been studied since the inception of behavioral science, and more recently neuroscience has helped understand brain systems and mechanisms responsible for enabling aspects of memory. Here we outline the history of work on memory and its neural underpinning, and describe the major dimensions of memory processing that have been evaluated by cognitive neuroscience, focusing on episodic memory. We present evidence in healthy populations for sex differences-females outperforming in verbal and face memory, and age effects-slowed memory processes with age. We then describe deficits associated with schizophrenia. Impairment in schizophrenia is more severe in patients with negative symptoms-especially flat affect-who also show deficits in measures of social cognition. This evidence implicates medial temporal and frontal regions in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Pupillary contagion is independent of the emotional expression of the face.

Emotion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Carsten ◽  
Charlotte Desmet ◽  
Ruth M. Krebs ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals GPS mobility as a digital biomarker of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin A. Depp ◽  
Jesse Bashem ◽  
Raeanne C. Moore ◽  
Jason L. Holden ◽  
Tanya Mikhael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Symptom Clusters ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Mobility is an important correlate of physical, cognitive, and mental health in chronic illness, and can be measured passively with mobile phone global positional satellite (GPS) sensors. To date, GPS data have been reported in a few studies of schizophrenia, yet it is unclear whether these data correlate with concurrent momentary reports of location, vary by people with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects, or associate with symptom clusters in schizophrenia. A total of 142 participants with schizophrenia (n = 86) or healthy comparison subjects (n = 56) completed 7 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) reports of location and behavior, and simultaneous GPS locations were tracked every five minutes. We found that GPS-derived indicators of average distance travelled overall and distance from home, as well as percent of GPS samples at home were highly correlated with EMA reports of location at the day- and week-averaged level. GPS-based mobility indicators were lower in schizophrenia with medium to large effect sizes. Less GPS mobility was related to greater negative symptom severity, particularly diminished motivation, whereas greater GPS mobility was weakly associated with more community functioning. Neurocognition, depression, and positive symptoms were not associated with mobility indicators. Therefore, passive GPS sensing could provide a low-burden proxy measure of important outcomes in schizophrenia, including negative symptoms and possibly of functioning. As such, passive GPS sensing could be used for monitoring and timely interventions for negative symptoms in young persons at high risk for schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Forehead Segmentation in Thermographic Imaging

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Rodriguez-Lozano ◽  
Fernando León-García ◽  
M. Ruiz de Adana ◽  
Jose M. Palomares ◽  
J. Olivares
Keyword(s):  
User Interaction ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Face Images ◽  
The Face ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Thermal Face ◽  
Computational Resources

The temperature of the forehead is known to be highly correlated with the internal body temperature. This area is widely used in thermal comfort systems, lie-detection systems, etc. However, there is a lack of tools to achieve the segmentation of the forehead using thermographic images and non-intrusive methods. In fact, this is usually segmented manually. This work proposes a simple and novel method to segment the forehead region and to extract the average temperature from this area solving this lack of non-user interaction tools. Our method is invariant to the position of the face, and other different morphologies even with the presence of external objects. The results provide an accuracy of 90% compared to the manual segmentation using the coefficient of Jaccard as a metric of similitude. Moreover, due to the simplicity of the proposed method, it can work with real-time constraints at 83 frames per second in embedded systems with low computational resources. Finally, a new dataset of thermal face images is presented, which includes some features which are difficult to find in other sets, such as glasses, beards, moustaches, breathing masks, and different neck rotations and flexions.

scholarly journals T119. NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VOLITIVE AND EXPRESSIVE NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS FOR EARLY TREATMENT RESPONSE IN FIRST EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS ANTIPSYCHOTIC NAïVE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S276-S276
Author(s):  
Bernardo Haguiara ◽  
Gabriela Koga Tonsig ◽  
Simão Kagan ◽  
Daniel Cavalcante ◽  
Cristiano Noto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
F Test ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Background Negative symptoms are associated with a range of poor clinical and real-life functioning outcomes in people with schizophrenia. The division of negative symptoms into two separate factors, named “expressive deficits” and “social amotivation” could enable more accurate analysis and the development of new therapeutic tools. We aim to investigate whether the different symptoms that make up the negative dimension at baseline differently predict treatment response in first episode psychosis (FEP) antipsychotic naïve patients. Methods Patients with FEP (n=80), without previous use of antipsychotics, were recruited at an emergency service in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2014 and 2019. Individuals were assessed at admission and after 10 weeks of follow-up. Patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and schizophreniform disorder were included. The diagnosis was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-I). Patients were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at the baseline and after 10 weeks of treatment. The “expressive deficits” factor was defined as the sum of the six following items of the PANSS: N1 (blunted affect), N3 (poor rapport), N6 (lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation), G5 (mannerisms and posturing), G7 (motor retardation), G13 (disturbance of volition). The “social amotivation” factor was defined as the sum of N2 (emotional withdrawal), N4 (passive/apathetic social withdrawal) and G16 (active social avoidance). To evaluate treatment response, we used the difference between the PANSS score at baseline and after ten weeks of follow-up (delta-PANSS). We performed three linear regressions, one using the “expressive deficits” factor, one using the “social amotivation” factor and another using the total negative symptom score at baseline. Results The mean age was 26.01 years old (SD ± 7.2), and the majority was male (58.75%). “Expressive deficits” (p=0.005, R-squared=0.084, F-test=8.28, β=8.24, df=78), “social amotivation” (p=0.009, R-squared=0,072, F-test=7.14, β=5.59, df=78); and negative symptoms (p=0.002, R-squared=0.105, F-test=10.23, β=9.08, df=78) at baseline behaved similarly in relation to delta-PANSS. All measures of negative symptoms are highly correlated to PANSS total at both time points. Discussion The results were different from our initial hypothesis of worse outcome for patients with higher expressive negative symptoms. We found that negative symptoms overall and both subdomains are highly correlated to PANSS total in acute phase in early stages, what can explain the association to better outcomes with antipsychotic treatment. Longer follow-up can help us to investigate whether differences between the subdomains of negative symptoms can be observed in more stable patients.

scholarly journals Emotional expression and heart rate in high-risk infants during the face-to-face/still-face

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney I. Mattson ◽  
Naomi V. Ekas ◽  
Brittany Lambert ◽  
Ed Tronick ◽  
Barry M. Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Risk Infants

Reward Circuits and Apathy in Schizophrenia: Neuroimaging and Treatment Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S58-S58
Author(s):  
A. Aleman
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Integration

Approximately 50% of patients with schizophrenia shows deficits in motivation and initiation of goal-directed behavior, which are suggestive of reward system dysfunction. We conducted a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies reporting on the neural correlates of reward processing and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. A significant mean weighted correlation was observerd, revealing deficits in activation of reward neurocircuitry. A more specific findings is comprised activation of the ventral striatum, involved in anticipation of reward, and structures that play a critical role in the ability to represent the value of outcomes and plans. In a study of VTA connectivity in the resting state in a large group of patients with schizophrenia, we found reduced connectivity with lateral prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions to be associated with higher degrees of apathy. Apathy belongs to the most debilitating symptoms of schizophrenia and represents a significant unmet need in its treatment. Quantitative integration of published findings suggests that treatment with noninvasive magnetic brain stimulation can improve negative symptoms. Previous PET-studies have shown that such stimulation may target circuits with dopaminergic innervation. A behavioral treatment approach that may also target reward-related circuits will also be discussed briefly. It can be concluded that recent results regarding reward and motivated behavior in schizophrenia have clinical implications and may help develop novel treatment strategies.Disclosure of interestAA received speaker fees from Lundbeck.

scholarly journals SYMPHYSIS MORPHOLOGY AND DIMENSIONS IN DIFFERENT VERTICAL FACIAL PATTERNS (CBCT SCAN STUDY)

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Mohamad Mahfoud ◽  
◽  
Hazem Hassan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Reference Measure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Highly Correlated

Mandibular symphysis (MS) morphology is a valuable diagnostic and treatment-planning tool in orthodontics. It is utilised as a reference measure for esthetic purposes, specifically in the lower part of the face, as well as to predict the direction of the mandibular growth rotation as the vertical growth direction. The aim of the presenting study is to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the MS morphology and dimensions of adults with different vertical facial patterns and had no previous orthodontic treatment. The study consisted of 100 subjects (42 males and 58 females). Mean age of subjects is 27.6 years (average age of men 29.2 years, average age of women 26.4 years). The CBCT images were obtained by Scanora 3D. The evaluation of the different vertical facial patterns was carried out according to Björk and Jarabak. Six lines, four angles and one area were used in the mandibular symphysis study. The study revealed varying correlations between the parameters of the mandibular symphysis and those of the vertical facial patterns. It was found that the convexity of the mandibular symphysis (B-POG-Me) and the distance from POG to the z-axis (POG-Z Axis) are highly correlated to the parameters evaluating the vertical facial patterns. The angle between the Gonion-Nasion line and the mandibular plane (GO2-Angle) and the angle between the palatal and mandibular planes (B-Angle) were highly correlated to the measurements used on the mandibular symphysis.

Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Hypothesis-Driven Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M Vaghi ◽  
T. W Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Experimental Level

The neurobiological basis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been probed using functional magnetic resonance in hundreds of studies over three decades. This complex literature can be syntheized using a theory-informed approach. At a theoretical level, separable, independent, constructs of relevance to OCD have been identified. At the experimental level, extensive translational evidence has provided an account that relates specific brain systems to these neuropsychological constructs. Parallels between neural substrates implicated in OCD and functional specialization of different brain regions suggest that abnormalities within fronto-striatal circuitry impinge on executive functions, and their subcomponents, and on goal-directed learning and habit formation. In OCD, this is reflected at a functional level in patterns of abnormal activations in particular brain regions during specific cognitive tasks. However, many issues still need to be addressed. The authors suggest that the experimental context might represent a pivotal variable that should be taken into account.

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