scholarly journals The Effect of Endotoxin on Haemostasis in Normal and Leukemic Rats

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Rasche ◽  
D. Hoelzer
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Leukemia L 5222 ◽  
Normal Controls

Platelet count, fibrinogen and antithrombin levels were studied in normal rats (group A), in rats with the experimental rat leukemia L 5222 in an early phase (group B) and in a final phase (group C) of the disease. The animals were randomized and treated with o.5 mg endotoxin or placebo as a single i.v.injection. Four hours later blood samples were taken for laboratory tests. The results were as follows: 1. Groups A and B did not differ in the laboratory parameters under investigation 4 hours after injection of saline as a placebo. 2. Leukemic rats of group C treated with saline had significantly elevated levels of fibrinogen and antithromin as well as reduced platelet count compared to their normal counterparts. 3. The injection of endotoxin resulted in a comparable decrease of platelets in normal and leukemic animals. 4. The injection of endotoxin led to a decrease of fibrinogen levels in all groups. The most pronounced decrease was observed in group B, while there was only a slight fall in group C. The antithrombin levels of group A and B were not influenced by endotoxinaemia. The elevated level of antithrombin in group C, however, was completely normalized after a single injection of endotoxin.It can be concluded from these results that the haemostatic system of rats in the early phase of the leukemia L 5222 is more susceptible to endotoxin than that of normal controls. Possibly due to marked elevated levels of antithrombin rats in the final phase of the disease seem to be protected against the aggravation of the haemostatic defect by endotoxin.

Haemolysis due to active venous drainage during cardiopulmonary bypass: comparison of two different techniques

Perfusion ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cirri ◽  
Luca Negri ◽  
Marco Babbini ◽  
Giorgio Latis ◽  
Boutros Khlat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Valvular Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

To facilitate mini-access for cardiac surgery, two different methods of active venous drainage are used: vacuum assisted drainage and centrifugal pump aspiration on the venous line. The aim of this study was to compare the haemolysis produced using these two techniques. From June to December 1999, 50 consecutive patients were operated on using a ministernotomy. All of these patients had valvular surgery for either valve repair or valve replacement (9 MVRepair, 11 MVR, 29 AVR, 1 AVR+MVR). They were randomized into two groups: Group A, 25 patients who underwent surgery where vacuum assisted drainage was used, and Group B, 25 patients where kinetic asssisted venous drainage with centrifugal pump venous aspiration was used. Patient characteristics of both groups were similar for age, gender, body weight, body surface area, height, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, aortic crossclamp time, priming volume, cardioplegia volume, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, serum creatinine, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), aptoglobin, reticulocytes, and platelet count. We checked all these laboratory parameters preoperatively, at the end of CPB, and 2 and 24 h after operation. We also checked haemoglobinuria at these same time points. We assessed blood loss at 6, 12, and 24 h after the operation and calculated total postoperative bleeding. There was a tendency towards a greater increase in LDH, sGOT and sGPT in Group A more than in Group B, but these data did not reach statistical significance. Platelet count was always lower in Group A and aptoglobin increased in Group A more than in Group B. More patients in Group A had haemoglobinuria. These findings indicate that haemolysis is increased more in patients treated with vacuum assisted drainage, when compared to the rise in haemolysis in those treated with centrifugal pump venous drainage. Total bleeding is also greater in Group A.

scholarly journals Lusutrombopag is effective and safe in patients with chronic liver disease and severe thrombocytopenia: a multicenter retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Nomoto ◽  
Naoki Morimoto ◽  
Kouichi Miura ◽  
Shunji Watanabe ◽  
Yoshinari Takaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Chronic liver disease (CLD) is often complicated by severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 50,000/µL). Platelet transfusion has been a gold standard for increasing the platelet count to prevent hemorrhagic events in such patients. Lusutrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, can increase the platelet count in such patients when invasive procedures are scheduled. Former studies on lusutrombopag included patients with a platelet count of > 50,000/µL at baseline: the proportions of patients who did not require platelet transfusion were 84–96%, which might be overestimated. Methods The efficacy and safety of lusutrombopag were retrospectively investigated in CLD patients with platelet count of < 50,000/µL, a criterion for platelet transfusion, in real-world settings. We examined the proportion of patients who did not require platelet transfusion in 31 CLD patients, which exceeded a minimum required sample size (21 patients) calculated by 80% power at a significance level of 5%. Lusutrombopag, 3 mg once daily, was administered 8–18 days before scheduled invasive procedures. Results Among 31 patients who received lusutrombopag, 23 patients (74.2%) patients showed a platelet count of ≥ 50,000/µL (Group A) and did not require platelet transfusion. The remaining 8 patients (25.8%) did not reached platelet ≥ 50,000/µL (Group B). The means of platelet increase were 38,000/µL and 12,000/µL in groups A and B, respectively. A low platelet count at baseline was a characteristic of patients in group B. Among 13 patients who repeatedly used lusutrombopag, lusutrombopag significantly increased the platelet count as the initial treatment. When all repeated uses of lusutrombopag were counted among these 13 patients, platelet transfusion was not required in 82.1% (23/28) of treatments. Although one patient showed portal thrombosis after lusutrombopag treatment, the thrombosis was disappeared by anticoagulant treatment for 35 days. The degree of platelet increase with lusutrombopag was larger than that in their previous platelet transfusion. Conclusions The proportion of patients who did not require platelet transfusion was 74.2%, which is smaller than that in former studies which included CLD patients with a platelet count of > 50,000/µL. However, lusutrombopag is effective and safe for CLD patients with a platelet count of < 50,000/µL.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Assessment of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with a Mixture of Ginger, Garlic and Cinnamon

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-814
Author(s):  
A.S. Idoko ◽  
A. Zaharaddeen ◽  
N.U. Imam ◽  
S. Nura ◽  
B. Abdulazeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Phase Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Haematological Indices

Some physicochemical changes in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon was evaluated. During starter phase, 150 broiler chicks were divided into groups A and B of 75 birds each, and were randomly fed diets 1 and 2 respectively for 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by the chickens maintained on the mixed spices supplemented diet (235.15±15.55g) was significantly lower (p<0.05)compared with the weight gain by the control (274.26±20.23g) in the Starter phase. In the Finisher phase, group A was sub-divided into groups C and D while group B was subdivided into groups E and F and fed for additional 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by groups C (242.31±4.97g), D (282.46±15.04g), E (260.14±81.11g) and F (236.67±24.29g) did not vary significantly. The evaluated carcass characteristics and haematological indices when compared with the control did not vary significantly. The serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in groups D (101.40±4.13), E (106.60±4.59) and F (100.20±9.83) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in comparison with the level in group C (127.00±8.83). Groups E (46.96±8.62mg/dl) and F (47.44±6.35mg/dl) had significantly (p<0.05) lower LDL-C compared with the control (70.56±8.75mg/dl). Therefore, mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon may have no effects on the overall weight gain, carcass traits and haematological profiles but could decrease the risk of atherogenesis and CVD in broiler chickens. Keywords: Cinnamon; ginger; garlic; spices; physicochemical

scholarly journals Serum Immunogllobulin G Levels in Graves’ disease Patients at Various Stages of Antithyroid Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kousar ◽  
M Tayyab ◽  
A Ditta ◽  
F Kamal ◽  
SN Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Antithyroid Drug Therapy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Controls

Thirty six patients with Graves’ disease (GD), diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and appropriate laboratory tests were classified into three groups (A-C): Group A: twelve newly diagnosed Graves’ disease patients; Group B: twelve hyperthyroid Graves’ disease patients on Antithyroid drug therapy and Group C: twelve Graves’ disease patients who had been rendered cuthyroid with Antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy, Serum lgG was determined  by radial immunodiffusion method using commercially available kits (The Binding Site UK). The mean lgG in newly diagnosed patients with GD (Group A) was 18.78±1.81. It was 22.75 ± 1.89 in hyperthyroid GD patients on drug therapy (Group B), 14.3±0.8 in GD patients who were rendered euthyroid with drug therapy (Group C) and 11.85±0.72 in normal controls. The lgG level of group A patients were not significantly different from those of Group B. However, the levels of lgG and lgA were significantly low in group C Graves’ disease patients as compared to group A patients. A significant reduction in lgG LEVEL IN Graves’ disease patients who were rendered cuthyroid after Antithyroid drug therapy as compared to newly diagnosed Graves’ disease patients indicate the immunosuppressive effect of Antithyroid drug therapy.

ROLE OF PLATELET PARAMETERS IN DENGUE FEVER IN CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Mithilesh Kumar ◽  
R. K. Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Aim: To evaluate the role of platelet parameters in dengue fever and also to determine relationship of platelet parameters with platelet count and the severity of the disease. The platelet para Materials and methods: meters [platelet count, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW)] of 50 dengue infected children were calculated using BC 3000 plus Mindray Automated Hematology Analyzer. Normal range of MPV is 7.5-11.5 . Plateletcrit cut off value in thrombocytopenia is 0.2-0.36%. The PDW reported varies with reference intervals ranging from 8.3 to 56.6%. Subjects were divided into four groups according to their platelet count on day 3 of illness (<20,000 cells/cumm, 20,000 to 50,000 cells/cumm, 50,000 to 100,000 cells/cumm and >100,000 cells/cumm). Platelet indices were studied among these groups and also the indices were evaluated with respect to the severity of disease as group A (dengue without warning signs), group B (dengue with warning signs and group C (severe dengue). Results: Male: female ratio was 28:22. Mean age of presentation was 7.8 + 2.2 years. Thirty-ve patients belonged to Group A, 26 to group B and 2 belonged to group C. PLT (cells/cumm) on Day 3 and Day 7 was 91,828 ±33,532 vs 195,371 + 70,586 in Group A patients (p<0.0001), 69,076 ±45,904 vs 163,230 + 85,053 in Group B patients (p=0.0018) 38,500 + 38,890 vs 86,000 + 28,284 in Group C patients (p=0.29). PCT (%) on Day 3 and Day 7 was 0.09 + 0.04 vs 0.18 + 0.06 in Group A patients (p<0.0001), 0.07 + 0.04 vs 0.15 + 0.07 in Group B patients (p=0.0009) and 0.04 + 0.04 vs 0.08 + 0.28 in Group C patients (p=0.84). MPV () on Day 3 and Day 7 was 10.73 + 1.07 vs 11.34 + 1.09 in Group A patients (p=0.0212), 10.41 + 1.39 vs 10.87 + 0.99 in Group B patients (p=0.3389), 9.35 + 1.62 vs 10.3±1.41 in Group C patients (p=0.59). PDW () on Day 3 and Day 7 was 14.46 ± 1.35 vs 13.22 + 1.10 in Group A patients (p=0.0001), 14.61 + 1.36 vs 13.0 + 0.76 in Group B patients (p=0.0011) and 14.5 + 1.84 vs 13.5 + 0.71 in Group C (p=0.54). Though MPV was lower in patients with platelet count <20,000 cells/cumm (8.57 + 0.5 ) as compared to other groups, it was not statistically signicant (p=0.325). PCT increases with increase in platelet count on Day 3 and Day 7 (p=0.000). Though PDW was lower on Day 3 in patients with platelet count <20,000 cells/cumm as compared to the other 3 groups, it was not statistically signicant (p=0.0740). Conclusion: Lower platelet count and low PCT are seen with severe dengue, increasing platelet count and PCT suggest recovery phase of dengue. MPV had no correlation with severity of dengue or level of thrombocytopenia suggestive that there is no role to predict severity of dengue. PDW does not uctuate with severity of dengue or level of thrombocytopenia

Repeated Bone-Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Carcinoma: Randomized Phase II Trial With the New, High-Energy Radiopharmaceutical Rhenium-188 Hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2869-2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Palmedo ◽  
Agnieska Manka-Waluch ◽  
Peter Albers ◽  
Ingo G.H. Schmidt-Wolf ◽  
Michael Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Pain Palliation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hormone Refractory ◽  
Group B

Purpose: We investigated the effect of repeated bone-targeted therapy with rhenium-188 hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate (HEDP) in patients with progressive, hormone-resistant prostate carcinoma and bone pain. The aim of this study was to determine the pain palliation and the antitumor effect of rhenium-188 HEDP treatments. Patients and Methods: Sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups for radionuclide therapy with rhenium-188 HEDP; patients of group A received a single injection, patients of group B received two injections (interval, 8 weeks). After therapy, patients were followed-up by assessment of pain palliation and clinical outcome until death. Results: In both groups, toxicity was low, with moderate thrombopenia and leukopenia (maximum common toxicity criteria grade of 2). The effectiveness of rhenium-188 HEDP for pain palliation was better in the repeated treatment group (group B), with a response rate and time of response of 92% and 5.66 months, respectively (P = .006 and P = .001). In group B, 11 (39%) of 28 patients had a prostate-specific antigen decrease of more than 50% for at least 8 weeks, compared with two (7%) of 30 patients in the single-injection group (group A). The median times to progression of group A and group B were 2.3 months (range, 0 to 12.2 months) and 7.0 months (range, 0 to 24.1 months), respectively (P = .0013), and the median overall survival times were 7.0 months (range, 1.3 to 36.7 months) and 12.7 months (range, 4.1 to 32.2 months), respectively (P = .043). Conclusion: Compared with single-injection therapy, repeated bone-targeted therapy with rhenium-188 HEDP administered to patients with advanced progressive hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma enhanced pain palliation and improved progression-free and overall survival. Larger studies are justified to further evaluate the use of rhenium-188 HEDP.

Platelet Function in Alcoholics Treated with Disulfiram

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Maria Luigia Randi ◽  
Ilia Zanella ◽  
Piero Pujatti ◽  
Barbara Soini ◽  
Antonio Girolami
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Controls

Disulfiram is usually used in alcoholics as aversion therapy. It binds to various enzymes and pro teins in blood and in tissues. In particular, it inhibits the thromboxane synthetase in human platelets and, for this reason, it has been surmised that disulfiram has a possible effect on platelet function. So far, disulfiram failed to confirm this hypothesis in healthy volunteers. However, it appears able to decrease the threshold collagen concen tration for platelet aggregation. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of disulfiram on the platelet function of alco holics. In this study, 24 alcoholics, divided in group A (12 abstinent patients with disulfiram 200 mg/day), group B (12 abstinent patients without treatment), and 17 normal controls, are reported. Different tests were performed at time 0 (acute alcohol intoxication), time 2, and time 15 after the beginning of abstinence. A significant increase was observed in bleeding time (BT) of group B and in platelet count of both groups. No modification was seen in prothrombin time. In group A, a significant increase of platelet aggregation under adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 2 μ M) stimulus was observed. Whereas no difference was seen in platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), serum 5-HT increased significantly at time 15 in group A. We con clude that the increase in serum 5-HT was probably due to the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) promoted by disulfiram, followed by an activation of MAO induced by disulfiram.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Role of Auricular Point Pressure in Insomnia and Anxiety in Isolated COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yueming Luo ◽  
Chuanren Ling ◽  
Yangchen Liu ◽  
Chong Deng ◽  
Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Auricular Point ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes psychological distress and can have a negative impact on the general mental health and rehabilitation in affected patients under currently implemented isolation guidelines. Auricular point pressure (APP) as well-established technique in traditional Chinese medicine may help to relieve sleep disturbance and anxiety in COVID-19 patients. Methods. During the early phase of the epidemic/pandemic, patients were enrolled in this study (02/2020 until 03/2020 n = 84). They were strictly isolated on specific wards at the Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Hubei. The retrospective cohort study design included two groups. Group A patients were treated with an auricular point pressure (APP) in addition to standard intensive care medicine while Group B participants (No-APP) received routine nursing measures alone. Treatment outcome was measured using the St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire (SMH) Score and the 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Both scores were measured in each patient at baseline and on the discharge day. Results. The SMH score and sleep status changed in APP patients at the end of the treatment period when compared with No-APP patients ( P < 0.01 ). APP-treated patients demonstrated lower GAD-7 scores than No-APP controls ( P < 0.01 ). Further, no significant differences in safety or adverse events between the APP and No-APP groups were observed. Conclusion. The results from our snapshot study during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic/pandemic suggest that auricular point pressure could be a simple and effective tool to relieve insomnia and situational anxiety in hospitalized patients suffering from COVID-19 and kept under disconcerting conditions of isolation.

The implications of platelet count changes during hospitalization in the disease management of pediatric patients with bronchiolitis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiming Sun ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Yongdong Yan ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Normal Platelet ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Admission Group

Abstract Background: The clinical implications of platelet count changes in patients with bronchiolitis throughout hospitalization have not been extensively investigated. We aimed to investigate the significance of platelet count on admission and platelet count changes during hospitalization in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Methods: Clinical data from 559 consecutive patients hospitalized for bronchiolitis were collected and compared after grouping according to the platelet count on admission and the delta platelet count during hospitalization (the platelet count on discharge minus the platelet count on admission; Group A, delta platelet count ≤ -50 × 109/L; Group B, -50 × 109/L < delta platelet count ≤ 50 × 109/L; Group C, delta platelet count > 50 × 109/L). Results: Thrombocytosis was found in 122 (21.8%) patients, while 437 (78.2%) patients had a normal platelet count on admission. There was no difference in disease severity between these two groups. Groups A, B, and C comprised 79 (14.1%), 179 (32.0%), and 301 (53.9%) patients, respectively. The patients from Group A had a higher platelet count on admission, a lower platelet count on discharge, and a longer hospitalization duration. These patients had a lower concentration of C-reactive protein, longer periods of oxygen therapy and stay in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and a greater frequency of mechanical ventilation than the patients from Group B or Group C. Notably, among all the patients, the delta platelet count [63 (-3–142) × 109/L] negatively correlated with the numbers of days of oxygen therapy [4.0 (3.0–6.0), day] (r = -0.186, P = 0.027) and stay in the PICU [5.0 (3.0–6.0), day] (r = -0.391, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Repeated assessment of platelet count during hospitalization in pediatric patients with bronchiolitis may provide useful information for disease management.

The Meaning of Serum CRP, ESR, Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume ratio(PC/MPV) and plasma Fibrinogen in the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Huang ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
Zongyan Gao ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Serum Crp

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to test the meaning of serum CRP, ESR, Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume ratio (PC/MPV) and plasma Fibrinogen in periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis. MethodsClinical data of 160 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (Group A), PJI (Group B) and aseptic loosening after joint arthroplasy (Group C) were retrospective studied. General data and preoperative serum CRP, ESR, Platelet count to Mean Platelet Volume ratio and plasma Fibrinogen level were recorded and compared.ResultsSerum CRP, ESR, PC/MPV and plasma Fibrinogen expression level in Group B are much higher than Group A and C. When PC/MPV>31.70 was set as the optimum threshold value for the diagnosis of PJI, the specificity of PC/MPV in PJI diagnosis was lower than CRP and ESR, whereas, the sensitivity of PC/MPV in PJI diagnosis was similar with CRP and ESR. When plasma Fibrinogen > 4.01 μg/mL was set as the optimum threshold value for the diagnosis of PJI, the specificity and sensitivity of plasma Fibrinogen in diagnosis of PJI was similar with CRP and ESR. ConclusionPC/MPV should not be used as the first screen marker for PJI diagnosis, whereas, the plasma Fibrinogen can be used as a new marker for PJI diagnosis.

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