scholarly journals Oral Manifestations in HIV/AIDSInfected Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Mugisha Rwenyonyi ◽  
Annet Kutesa ◽  
Louis Muwazi ◽  
Isaac Okullo ◽  
Arabat Kasangaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations

ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess factors influencing the distribution of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS-infected children attending the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic in Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising 237 children (males/females: 113/124) aged 1 to 12 years. The parents/guardians were interviewed to obtain demographic information, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and health seeking behaviours as well as any medications taken. The children were clinically examined for oral lesions based on World Health Organization criteria with modifications. Results: About 71.7% of the children cleaned their teeth. About 16.9% of the children had visited a dentist since birth, mainly for emergency care. One or more oral lesions were recorded in 73% of the children of whom 19.0% experienced discomfort during oral functions. Cervical lymphadenopathy, oral candidiasis and gingivitis were the most common soft tissue oral lesions: 60.8%, 28.3% and 19.0%, respectively. Except for dental caries, the overall frequency distribution of soft tissue oral lesions was significantly lower in children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as compared to their counterparts not on HAART. The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous and permanent dentitions was 42.2% and 11.0%, respectively. Tooth brushing and previous visits to the dentist were indirectly and significantly associated with dental caries. About 5.9% (n=14) of the children had <200 CD3 + CD4 T-lymphocyte cells per μl of blood. Conclusions: The majority of the children had one or more oral lesions, particularly in the group not on HAART. Some of the lesions were associated with discomfort during oral functions. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:291-298)

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS-RELATED ORAL LESIONS STATISTICS IN GEORGIA 2013-2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eter Bukhnikashvili ◽  
Mariam Tsintsadze ◽  
Nana Abashidze ◽  
Lia Jashi
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

The aim of our research was to detect the frequency of oral manifestations among the new revealed HIV-infected persons in 2013-2015. For this we studied the data from the center of AIDS, according to the testimony we studied those patients who needed stationary treatment and we got these results: In 2013 out of 490 new cases the presence of specific oral manifestations was found in 253(51.63 0.796%) patients. From whom we investigated 69 (27.270.61%) people. 45(65. 220. 45%) of them had oral candidiasis and 34(49.270.45%) disorders were caused by herpes-virus. In 2014 were revealed 564 new cases and the number of different concurrent intraoral lesions were found in 295(52.300.82%) patients. We investigated from them 146(49.490.66%) people and the result was next: 98 (67.120.32%) were different kinds of oral candidiasis and 54 (36.990.32%) diseases - caused by herpes-virus. In 2015 out of 717 new cases the HIV-associated oral manifestations were found in 381(53.130.86%) patients. We investigated 184(48.290.73%) people and as a result - 118 (64.130.46%) cases of them were oral candidiasis and 67(36.410.32%) were diseases caused by herpes-virus. According to the study it is obvious, that HIV-associated oral manifestations are met quite often among the HIV/ AIDS patients. It is very important to know specifications of these disorders, to make some right investigations and correct diagnosis in all situations, especially when it takes place HIV-associated oral lesions. Dentists should take in account the importance of instant diagnostic of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating the risk factors that link obesity and dental caries in 11–17-year-old school going children in the United Arab Emirates

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foroogh Abdalla Khadri ◽  
Vellore Kannan Gopinath ◽  
Mark P. Hector ◽  
Elizabeth S. Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective is to study the effect of obesity on dental caries among schoolchildren in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 803, 11–17-year-old schoolchildren. The study was in the form of a randomized cross-sectional manner. Method used was two questioners. The first assessed socioeconomic and general health and the second detailed their demographic, oral hygiene, and dietary habits. Dental examination included dental caries assessment using the World Health Organization 1997 criteria and gingival health valuation. Clinical examination consisted of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was done by descriptive, univariate, and multiple regressions. Results: In this sample, 75% had dental caries and the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) was 3.19 (standard deviation: 2.9). Obesity was seen in 15% of the adolescents and the mean BMI was 21. The link between DMFT and BMI, when evaluated using univariate analysis, showed a significant correlation (r = 0.097, P = 0.006), indicating that the rise in BMI by 10 points resulted in an increase in DMFT by 0.57. However, in the multivariate analysis, a significant relationship was observed only between father's education (P < 0.001), adolescent's age (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), ethnicity (P = 0.001), and soft drink consumption with DMFT while BMI showed a significant association with age (P < 0.001), school fees (P = 0.005), obesity in family (P < 0.001), and soft drink consumption (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Obesity and dental caries were not significantly associated. The most important predictor for obesity and dental caries was soft drink consumption.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Status, Diet, and Dental Caries among Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7027
Author(s):  
Chin-En Yen ◽  
Yuh-Yih Lin ◽  
Suh-Woan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Status

Childhood dental caries and obesity are prevalent health problems. Results from previous studies of the caries–obesity relationship are conflicting. This study aimed to assess the association between anthropometric status and dental caries among schoolchildren, taking into account dietary habits, oral hygiene, and sociodemographic factors. This cross-sectional study recruited 569 children aged 6–12 years from five elementary schools in central Taiwan. Each child underwent an oral health examination and anthropometric measurements. The DMFT (decayed, missing due to caries, and filled permanent teeth) and deft (decayed, extracted, and filled primary teeth) indexes were calculated to record caries experience. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on food intake frequency and other related factors. The World Health Organization’s reference data was applied to define weight status: obese, overweight, and normal/underweight. The results showed that the mean (±standard deviation) deft and DMFT scores were 2.3 ± 2.6 and 0.7 ± 1.2, respectively, among participating children. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 18.1% and 18.5%, respectively. After comprehensive evaluation of potential confounders, weight status was not an independent predictor of DMFT or deft scores in the negative binomial regression models. In conclusion, weight status was not associated with caries scores in primary or permanent teeth among 6–12 year-old schoolchildren.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Laura-Cristina Rusu ◽  
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean ◽  
Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu ◽  
Anamaria Matichescu ◽  
Iulia Sauciur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Health Organization

In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.

scholarly journals Higher Dental Caries Prevalence and Its Association with Dietary Habits and Physical Limitation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Patients: A Case Control Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Antonio de Medeiros ◽  
Soraya Coelho Leal ◽  
Erica Negrini Lia ◽  
Rivadavio Amorim ◽  
Mateus Veppo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Physical Limitation ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Aim Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) represents a highly rare subgroup of skin diseases that affects skin and mucous membrane. The aim of the present study was to assess caries prevalence and its associated factors in EB subjects. Salivary status was also assessed. Materials and methods Ten subjects with EB who were under supervision were selected (cases) and matched by age and gender with unaffected individuals (controls). Dental caries were recorded using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Oral hygiene and dietary habits were investigated by clinical examination and questionnaires. Both nonstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected and salivary pH, buffering capacity and mouth opening were evaluated. Results The results showed that the median decay-missingfilled teeth was significantly higher (p = 0.0094) in EB cases 5 (3.9–20.3) than in controls 3 (2–3.25). The groups also differed when food consistency was analyzed. Individuals with EB have a higher intake of soft food. In addition, the median mouth-opening values from cases (0.84–2.84 cm) and controls (4.3–4.9 cm) have shown to be statistically different (p = 0.007). Considering the salivary parameters, none of them showed significant differences among groups. Conclusion Epidermolysis bullosa subjects present higher caries scores and might be related to their physical condition and dietary habits. Clinical significance There is a lack of information about oral status in EB subjects. Hence, our findings add useful information regarding the relationship between caries prevalence and associated risk factors in EB subjects. How to cite this article Leal SC, Lia EN, Amorim R, dos Santos MV, de Araújo MC, de Medeiros RA, da Fonseca CA. Higher Dental Caries Prevalence and its Association with Dietary Habits and Physical Limitation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Patients: A Case Control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):211-216.

scholarly journals Oral cavity manifestations by COVID-19 infections: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Swain ◽  
Priyanka Debta ◽  
Ansuman Sahu ◽  
Smarita Lenka
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Oral Ulcers

<p class="abstract">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a threat to the global health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The lungs are the primary site of infection in COVID-19 patient and the symptoms ranges from mild flu like manifestations to fulminant pneumonia and respiratory failure. COVID-19 infection also significantly affects the oral cavity and salivary glands with oral mucosal manifestations. Other than airway manifestations, COVID-19 patients are presenting with oral cavity lesions such as aphthous like ulcers, glossitis, oral mucositis or stomatitis, oral candidiasis and herpetic recurrences. These oral lesions are often associated with immunocompromised patients and elderly age. Direct involvement of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for development of oral ulcers remains uncertain. The salivary gland related symptoms and taste disturbances are highly common in COVID-19 patients. In COVID-19 patient, certain presentations like ulcers or blisters or diffuse reddish lesions affect both keratinized and non-keratinized tissues of the oral cavity. These lesions are found in palate, lip mucosa, buccal mucosa and tongue. The ulceration and blisters of the oral cavity are more often seen. There is still a gap of knowledge related to the oral manifestations of the COVID-19 infections and its impact on the oral cavity. This review article discussed the details of the oral cavity lesions in COVID-19 patients.</p>

scholarly journals Associations between lifestyle behaviour changes and the optimal well-being of middle-aged Japanese individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Takao ◽  
Naoki Sumi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yamanaka ◽  
Sohachi Fujimoto ◽  
Tomoari Kamada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours

Abstract Background Psychological well-being has been associated with reduced mortality rates in both healthy and diseased populations. However, there is considerably less evidence on the effect of lifestyle behaviours on positive health outcomes such as well-being. This study examines the association between lifestyle behaviours and optimal well-being. Methods From a total of 4324 Japanese individuals who participated in an annual health check-up in 2017, this study recruited 2295 participants (mean age: 49.3 ± 8.4 years; female: 54.3%) without a history of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or chronic renal disease and not on medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidaemia. The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scores were compared to self-reported scores on each of the following items: dietary habits, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between optimal well-being (the top quartile of WHO-5 scores) and individual lifestyle behaviours. The association between change in dietary habits and physical activity from 2016 to 2017 and optimal well-being was also investigated. Results Good dietary habits and regular physical activity were associated with higher raw WHO-5 scores and were positively associated with optimal well-being after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and sleep quality. Raw WHO-5 scores were significantly higher in those who maintained good dietary and physical activity behaviours than in those who did not. Furthermore, maintaining regular physical activity for two years was positively associated with optimal well-being, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and sleep quality. Conclusion These results demonstrate that not only currently practising good dietary and physical activity behaviours but also maintaining such behaviours over time is associated with optimal well-being. Maintaining good lifestyle behaviours, particularly regarding physical activity, could potentially improve people’s well-being.

scholarly journals Oral health status and treatment needs of school going children in a tribal area in Southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Thomas ◽  
R Chacko ◽  
G D Khanapur ◽  
D Kattula ◽  
A Rose
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Local Hospital

Abstract Background Children suffer a significant burden of oral diseases which impacts their quality of life, and general health. Many epidemiological studies have looked at oral health status and treatment needs among children in urban and rural areas across different age groups. There was limited literature assessing the oral health status among children in tribal areas, which presents unique challenges in terms of: topography, availability of health services, and complex socio-cultural health practices. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among 655 children across six schools between 12-15 years in Jawadhi Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. World Health Organization's, Oral Health Surveys were used for clinical and risk factor assessments. Clinical examination was conducted, and self-assessed questionnaire was administered to the children to assess the risk factors to poor oral health. Since dental fluorosis was common, drinking water samples were collected to assess fluoride levels in the community. Results Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis (gum disease) was found to be 22.3% and 87.3% respectively. Dental Pain was reported by 57% of children as the most common reason to visit the dentist. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 53.6%. Multiple logistic regression showed: gender, dental fluorosis, diet, and maternal education significantly associated (p &lt; 0.005) with dental caries. Fluoride levels in water was found to be higher than permissible limits (&gt;1.5 ppm). Conclusions Children requiring treatment (∼ 200) were referred to the local hospital, and treatment was done free-of-cost. School authorities were informed about the current oral health status of children and advised to conduct regular health education & dental camps; the importance of girls' education was emphasized. Local authorities were alerted about the fluoride-rich water situation in the community and educated about defluoridation methods that the community can employ at household level. Key messages Evidence-based burden of oral diseases was presented to the local authorities for the first time, with a call for action. A referral system was established between the schools and the local hospital, to ensure continuity of oral health care for the children.

scholarly journals An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1197
Author(s):  
Luana Izzo ◽  
Antonio Santonastaso ◽  
Gaetano Cotticelli ◽  
Alessandro Federico ◽  
Severina Pacifico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Diet Adherence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization has declared the coronavirus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern; the outbreak has led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, and sudden changes in people’s lifestyles. This study explores the impact of the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period on dietary habits, lifestyle changes, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Italian population, through an online questionnaire, conducted from April to May 2020, involving 1519 participants. The 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) highlighted a medium Mediterranean diet adherence in 73.5% of responders, which principally included the younger population, aged 18–30 years (p < 0.05). In regards to changes in eating habits, 33.5% of responders declared an influence of the pandemic period on nutritional practice. A decrease in alcohol consumption was reported by 81% of responders, while an increase in frozen food consumption was reported by 81.3% of responders. In addition, 58.8% reported positive weight modification (40.8%, +1–3 kg); physical activity reduction was reported for 70.5% of responders. Our study contributes toward amplifying the investigation on the dietary habits and changes of the Italian population during the COVID-19 lockdown, although the pandemic is ongoing. Similar studies should be performed around the world to understand how the emergency has impacted people’s habits.

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