Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Imaging and Therapeutic Agents for Atherosclerosis

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents for a wide range of conditions. To date, the theranostic applications of iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied mainly in cancer, but atherosclerosis has not received the same attention. Therefore, it appears appropriate to review the current and future applications of iron oxide nanoparticles for the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis. This review will first discuss current imaging techniques for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis as well as their limitations. It will then discuss the role of nanotechnology for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis and the benefits of this approach as well as reviewing current developments in the field including single, bi-, and tri-modal imaging. Next, it will discuss the role of nanotechnology for therapies of atherosclerosis with a focus on nanotheranostics, concluding with a look at the challenges faced by nanoparticle-based imaging and therapy of atherosclerosis as well as a look at future prospects.

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Unveiling the role of surface, size, shape and defects for theranostic applications of iron oxide nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d1nr03335b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Geoffrey Cotin ◽

Cristina Blanco-Andujar ◽

Francis Perton ◽

Laura Asin ◽

Jesus M de la Fuente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Wide Range ◽

Theranostic Agents ◽

Theranostic Applications

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are well-known contrast agents for MRI for a wide range of sizes and shapes. Their use as theranostic agents requires a better understanding of their magnetic...

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Role of hydration and micellar shielding in tuning the structure of single crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles for designer applications

Nano Select ◽

10.1002/nano.202100085 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ramis Arbi ◽

Amr Ibrahim ◽

Liora Goldring‐Vandergeest ◽

Kunyu Liang ◽

Greg Hanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Single Crystalline

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Theranostic Agents in Cancer Immunotherapy

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1950

Author(s):

Rossella Canese ◽

Federica Vurro ◽

Pasquina Marzola

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Theranostic Agents

Starting from the mid-1990s, several iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as MRI contrast agents. Since their sizes fall in the tenths of a nanometer range, after i.v. injection these NPs are preferentially captured by the reticuloendothelial system of the liver. They have therefore been proposed as liver-specific contrast agents. Even though their unfavorable cost/benefit ratio has led to their withdrawal from the market, innovative applications have recently prompted a renewal of interest in these NPs. One important and innovative application is as diagnostic agents in cancer immunotherapy, thanks to their ability to track tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in vivo. It is worth noting that iron oxide NPs may also have a therapeutic role, given their ability to alter macrophage polarization. This review is devoted to the most recent advances in applications of iron oxide NPs in tumor diagnosis and therapy. The intrinsic therapeutic effect of these NPs on tumor growth, their capability to alter macrophage polarization and their diagnostic potential are examined. Innovative strategies for NP-based drug delivery in tumors (e.g., magnetic resonance targeting) will also be described. Finally, the review looks at their role as tracers for innovative, and very promising, imaging techniques (magnetic particle imaging-MPI).

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Anodic Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes for Magnetically Guided Therapeutic Delivery

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49513-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari ◽

Delf Kah ◽

Anca Mazare ◽

Nhat Truong Nguyen ◽

Monica Distaso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Site Specific ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Hollow titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes offer substantially higher drug loading capacity and slower drug release kinetics compared to solid drug nanocarriers of comparable size. In this report, we load TiO2 nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles to facilitate site-specific magnetic guidance and drug delivery. We generate magnetic TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2NTs) by incorporating a ferrofluid containing Ø ≈ 10 nm iron oxide nanoparticles in planar sheets of weakly connected TiO2 nanotubes. After thermal annealing, the magnetic tubular arrays are loaded with therapeutic drugs and then sonicated to separate the nanotubes. We demonstrate that magnetic TiO2NTs are non-toxic for HeLa cells at therapeutic concentrations (≤200 µg/mL). Adhesion and endocytosis of magnetic nanotubes to a layer of HeLa cells are increased in the presence of a magnetic gradient field. As a proof-of-concept, we load the nanotubes with the topoisomerase inhibitor camptothecin and achieve a 90% killing efficiency. We also load the nanotubes with oligonucleotides for cell transfection and achieve 100% cellular uptake efficiency. Our results demonstrate the potential of magnetic TiO2NTs for a wide range of biomedical applications, including site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs.

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The role of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the bacterially induced calcium carbonate precipitation

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-018-8860-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (8) ◽

pp. 3595-3606 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mostafa Seifan ◽

Alireza Ebrahiminezhad ◽

Younes Ghasemi ◽

Ali Khajeh Samani ◽

Aydin Berenjian

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Carbonate Precipitation ◽

Calcium Carbonate Precipitation ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide

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The Evolution of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2020.311 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (42) ◽

pp. 2157-2168

Author(s):

Aileen O'Shea ◽

Anushri Parakh ◽

Rita Maria Lahoud ◽

Sandeep Hedgire ◽

Mukesh G Harisinghani

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Clinical Imaging ◽

Iron Storage ◽

Inflammatory Conditions

AbstractWhile the use of iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agents for clinical imaging is established, they are more recently experiencing renewed interest as alternatives to gadolinium-based contrast agents. Ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles have unique pharmacokinetics, metabolic and imaging properties. These properties have led to improved techniques for imaging a variety of vascular, oncologic and inflammatory conditions with iron oxide nanoparticles. Current research efforts are aimed at harnessing the characteristics of these nanoparticles to advance magnetic resonance imaging techniques and explore new therapeutic potentials. While there are some limitations to the use of iron oxide nanoparticles, including allergies to parenteral iron and iron storage disorders, the practicable applications for these agents will continue to expand. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the history and synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, their current applications in clinical imaging and their prospective clinical applications.

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Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12030465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 465 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Shoeb Ansari ◽

Eleonora Ficiarà ◽

Federico Ruffinatti ◽

Ilaria Stura ◽

Monica Argenziano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Close Link ◽

Wide Range ◽

Methods Of Synthesis ◽

The Central Nervous System

Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are of great interest in biomedicine, due to their wide range of applications. During recent years, one of the most challenging goals is the development of new strategies to finely tune the unique properties of MNPs, in order to improve their effectiveness in the biomedical field. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the methods of synthesis and functionalization of MNPs focusing on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs). Firstly, synthesis strategies for fabricating IONPs of different composition, sizes, shapes, and structures are outlined. We describe the close link between physicochemical properties and magnetic characterization, essential to developing innovative and powerful magnetic-driven nanocarriers. In conclusion, we provide a complete background of IONPs functionalization, safety, and applications for the treatment of Central Nervous System disorders.

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