scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Current and Emerging Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
J. Nicholas Brenton ◽  
Ryan Kammeyer ◽  
Lauren Gluck ◽  
Teri Schreiner ◽  
Naila Makhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Made In

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is being increasingly recognized and diagnosed in children. In the past several years, advances have been made in diagnosing multiple sclerosis in children, identifying new genetic and environmental risk factors, delineating underlying immunobiology, characterizing imaging findings, and implementing new treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss these advances. Future research into the determinants of multiple sclerosis in children and into new treatment options will be aided by continued international collaboration.

Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (S2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven G. Meuth ◽  
Stefan Bittner ◽  
Heinz Wiendl
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
System Disorder ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies ◽  
Ms Therapy

Abstract:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is regarded as a prototypic inflammatory autoimmune central nervous system disorder causing neurological disability in young adults. Recommended basic immunomodulatory therapies of MS are currently interferon beta and glatiramer acetate. Both have proven to be clinically and paraclinically effective and clinical evidence suggests that treatment should be initiated as early as possible.However, despite the fact that therapeutic options for MS have significantly been widened over the past decade there is still tremendous activity in the search for new treatment options for MS.One important development in the field is reflected by the substantial number of promising results for oral therapies. Various phase III clinical trials are currently being initiated or are already underway evaluating the efficacy of a variety of orally administered agents, including cladribine, teriflunomide, laquinimod, fingolimod and fumaric acid. It is hoped that these oral therapies for MS further broaden our armament for MS therapy.

scholarly journals Retinoblastoma. Part 2. Treatment strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
S.V. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
S.A. Kuleva ◽  
N.N. Sadovnikova ◽  
M.I. Komissarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
First Line ◽  
Transpupillary Thermotherapy ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intravitreal Chemotherapy ◽  
Intraocular Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is one of the most common retinal tumors in young children. Current early diagnostic and treatment strategies focus on the possibility to implement eye-preserving therapies. The 5-year overall survival for children with retinoblastoma is now 100%. First-line eye removal is recommended in extensive intraocular seeding and poor visual prognosis. The volume of adjuvant therapy is based on the histological risk factors for disease progression. This paper discusses the algorithms to determine risk factors and further systemic treatment strategy in several large study groups. Eye and even vision preservation is now possible in at least 65–75% of retinoblastoma patients. The paper also describes in detail the methods of locally administering chemotherapy which are considered eye-preserving treatment options, i.e., selective intra-arterial chemotherapy and intravitreal chemotherapy. Various physical methods of eye-preserving treatment which underwent significant development over the past decade are highlighted. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that retinoblastoma survivors, their siblings and offspring should be carefully monitored.Keywords: children, retinoblastoma, enucleation, polychemotherapy, selective intra-arterial chemotherapy, intravitreal chemotherapy, laser photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy, brachytherapy, monitoring.For citation: Ivanova S.V., Kuleva S.A., Sadovnikova N.N. et al. Retinoblastoma. Part 2. Treatment strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2020;20(4):197–203. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2020-20-4-197-203.

scholarly journals Diabetes, Vascular Aging and Stroke: Old Dogs, New Tricks?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Theano Penlioglou ◽  
Anca Pantea Stoian ◽  
Nikolaos Papanas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. It is well established that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for stroke, while other risk factors include dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Given that the global prevalence of diabetes steadily increases, the need for adequate glycaemic control and prevention of DM-related cardiovascular events remains a challenge for the medical community. Therefore, a re-examination of the latest data related to this issue is of particular importance. Objective: This review aims to summarise the latest data on the relationship between DM and stroke, including epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, prevention and biomarkers. Methods: For this purpose, comprehensive research was performed on the platforms PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE with a combination of the following keywords: diabetes mellitus, stroke, macrovascular complications, diabetic stroke, cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Much progress has been made in stroke in people with DM in terms of prevention and early diagnosis. In the field of prevention, the adaptation of the daily habits and the regulation of co-morbidity of individuals play a particularly important role. Simultaneously, the most significant revolution has been brought by the relatively new treatment options that offer protection to the cardiovascular system. Moreover, many prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers have been identified, paving the way for early and accurate diagnoses. However, to date, there are crucial points that remain controversial and need further clarification.

scholarly journals Possibilities for personalised medicine in rheumatoid arthritis: hype or hope

RMD Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e001653
Author(s):  
Judith Heutz ◽  
Pascal Hendrik Pieter de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes ◽  
Management Recommendations

Knowledge of pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved over the past decades, which resulted in new treatment options and strategies that led to better clinical outcomes. At the same time, we have come to understand that RA is a heterogeneous disease on a clinical as well as a pathophysiological level. Despite this heterogeneity, current management recommendations still adopt a ‘one-size-fits-all’ treatment approach, where ideally individualised treatment, or personalised medicine, is preferred. The first step towards personalised medicine in RA would be to designate different treatment strategies to distinct clinical or molecular phenotypes of patients. This viewpoint discusses current evidence and elaborates on future possibilities for personalised medicine in RA.

A Genomic Approach to Characterize the Vulnerable Patient – a Clinical Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Evelin Szabó ◽  
Zsolt Parajkó ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Monica Chițu ◽  
Nóra Raț ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the elemental precondition for any cardiovascular disease and the predominant cause of ischemic heart disease that often leads to myocardial infarction. Systemic risk factors play an important role in the starting and progression of atherosclerosis. The complexity of the disease is caused by its multifactorial origin. Besides the traditional risk factors, genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor. Many studies have intensively researched cardioprotective drugs, which can relieve myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, thereby reducing infarct size. A better understanding of abnormal epigenetic pathways in the myocardial pathology may result in new treatment options. Individualized therapy based on genome sequencing is important for an effective future medical treatment. Studies based on multiomics help to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of several diseases at a molecular level. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic research may be essential in detecting the pathological phenotype of myocardial ischemia and ischemic heart failure.

Extended dosing of monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110657
Author(s):  
Zoé LE van Kempen ◽  
Alyssa A Toorop ◽  
Finn Sellebjerg ◽  
Gavin Giovannoni ◽  
Joep Killestein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Landscape ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
Dosing Intervals ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Review Current

Over the past two decades, treatment options for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased exponentially. In the current therapeutic landscape, “no evidence of MS disease activity” is within reach in many of our patients. Minimizing risks of complications, improving treatment convenience, and decreasing health care costs are goals that are yet to be reached. One way to optimize MS therapy is to implement personalized or extended interval dosing. Monoclonal antibodies are suitable candidates for personalized dosing (by therapeutic drug monitoring) or extended interval dosing. An increasing number of studies are performed and underway reporting on altered dosing intervals of anti-α4β1-integrin treatment (natalizumab) and anti-CD20 treatment (ocrelizumab, rituximab, and ofatumumab) in MS. In this review, current available evidence regarding personalized and extended interval dosing of monoclonal antibodies in MS is discussed with recommendations for future research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Neuroblastoma and Malignant Melanoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Morandi ◽  
Francesco Frassoni ◽  
Mirco Ponzoni ◽  
Chiara Brignole
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
High Stage ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Primary Tissue

Neuroblastoma (NB) and malignant melanoma (MM), tumors of pediatric age and adulthood, respectively, share a common origin, both of them deriving from the neural crest cells. Although NB and MM have a different behavior, in respect to age of onset, primary tissue involvement and metastatic spread, the prognosis for high stage-affected patients is still poor, in spite of aggressive treatment strategies and the huge amount of new discovered biological knowledge. For these reasons researchers are continuously attempting to find out new treatment options, which in a near future could be translated to the clinical practice. In the last two decades, a strong effort has been spent in the field of translational research of immunotherapy which led to satisfactory results. Indeed, several immunotherapeutic clinical trials have been performed and some of them also resulted beneficial. Here, we summarize preclinical studies based on immunotherapeutic approaches applied in models of both NB and MM.

scholarly journals Development of new 5-chromenyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones as antimicrobial agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mariana Nastasă ◽  
Mihaela Duma ◽  
Adrian Pîrnău ◽  
Laurian Vlase ◽  
Brîndușa Tiperciuc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
New Compounds

Background and aims. In the context of the increasing phenomenon of microbial resistance to usual drugs, the development of new treatment strategies and new therapeutic protocols is a constant need. Thiazolidinedione and chromone represent two important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry due to their large pharmacological applicability.Methods. We synthesized a new 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinedione starting from 6,8-dichloro-4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde. Then, by treating with different α-bromoalkylarylketones, we obtained N-substituted derivatives. All new compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial potential, using the diffusion method, against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 49444, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Three concentrations, 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of compounds were used. The results were evaluated by the measurement of the inhibition zone diameters and compared to those of gentamicin and fluconazole respectively, as reference drugs.Results. All new synthesized compounds were characterized using physico-chemical and spectrometric methods. They displayed modest to good antimicrobial activity. New molecules 8, 9 and 10 may represent promising candidates, showing zone inhibition diameters superior to those of reference drugs.Conclusions. This work presents chemical synthesis, characterization and investigation of the antibacterial and antifungal potential of 5-(chromene-3-yl)methylene-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives, which may be worthy of future research for designing new chemical entities.

scholarly journals Failures in periodontal therapy

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
KD Jithendra ◽  
A Bansali ◽  
SS Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Natural Dentition ◽  
Oral Hygiene Instructions ◽  
Biomechanical Factors

Studies have shown that modern periodontal therapies are effective in maintaining a healthy natural dentition as well as controlling periodontal disease. Numerous treatment strategies and various techniques have been designed & described to treat periodontal disease. Most of these procedures had drawbacks which were identified, leading to the modifications of the original techniques which lead to better treatment options, but still very less emphasis has been laid on failures. Without a regular program of clinical re-evaluation, plaque control, oral hygiene instructions, and reassessment of biomechanical factors the benefits of treatment are often lost and inflammatory disease in the form of recurrent periodontitis may result. So, this review describes the most common failures noticed in periodontal therapies and also discusses the possible solutions to reduce the incidence of failures in periodontal therapy.Key words: Periodontal therapy; risk factors; failures.DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i4.6680Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.4 July 2010 pp.193-198

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document