scholarly journals A Microbiological Study of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii with Special Reference to Multidrug Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langamba Angom Longjam ◽  
Dechen Chomu Tsering ◽  
Dipmala Das
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test

Abstract Introduction The outbreak of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii (ACB) is mainly reported to be a notorious pathogens at health-care settings. It is the major problem on the health-care system with high morbidity and mortality rates because of the broad range of antibiotic resistance and lack of understanding the mechanism of developing new antibiotic resistance rapidly. It emphasizes the importance of local surveillance in describing or understanding and predicting microbial resistance patterns so that there will be limited use of antibiotics by developing strategies to control the extensive use of antimicrobial chemotherapy in clinical environment, which is still considered as one of the factors in the emergence of multidrug resistance microorganisms. Objectives The study aims to detect the occurrence rate of ACB infections from various clinical samples, identify the resistance levels to different groups of antimicrobial agents, and the occurrence rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) ACB clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Durgapur, West Bengal, India. Material and Methods The study was performed in the Department of Microbiology of the IQ City Medical College and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, for the 24 months duration, that is, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Altogether 15,800 clinical samples consisting of endotracheal tube aspirates, sputum, pus, blood, catheter tips, urine, tissue, and other body fluids were studied. ACB from clinical samples were identified by its characteristic colonies (nonlactose fermenting, glistening, small mucoid colonies), Gram-staining pattern (Gram-negative coccobacillus), and standard biochemical reactions. It was further confirmed in the Department of Microbiology of the Healthworld Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal, India, by Vitek2 compact system (bioMerieux, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using automated broth microdilutions by Vitek2 compact system (bioMerieux, Inc.) and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton Agar (HiMedia). Results Nonrepetitive 289 ACB were isolated from various clinical samples. A total of 277 (96%) isolates of ACB were MDR strains. Conclusion ACB was mostly isolated from the intensive care unit department and was found to be the most MDR type in the tertiary care hospital by this study.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii Complex Isolated from Sputum in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Jyotshna Sapkota ◽  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Deepti Shrestha ◽  
Beena Jha
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sputum Specimen ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex

Introduction Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumanni (ACB) complex is one of the commonest cause of hospital acquired and ventilator associated pneumonia. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species have become a matter of huge concern. This study was done to find out the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumanii complex from sputum samples. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Clinical Microbiology laboratory from July 2018 to Jan 2019 after ethical approval. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex was identified on the basis of its microscopy and morphological characteristics followed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test of isolated pathogens was done using Muller Hinton Agar by Kirby-Bauer method. ResultsOf the 384 culture positive sputum specimen, 76 (19.80%) were Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex. Most of the isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics, 72.36% of the isolates were multidrug resistance and 3.95% isolates were resistant to tigecycline. ConclusionThis study provides valuable information regarding prevalence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex from sputum specimen. The alarming number of Multidrug resistance isolates is worrisome finding. Antibiotics like Tigecycline and Colistin which is still sensitive to isolates should be cautiously used only in MDR cases.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN ACINETOBACTER SP. ISOLATED FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS PATIENTS IN PUNJAB, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kaur ◽  
Chayanika Putatunda ◽  
Aroma Oberoi ◽  
Ashish Vyas ◽  
Gaurav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Objective: This study was designed to study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter sp. as isolated from patients lodged in intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.Methods: The clinical samples were simultaneously streaked on Blood agar and MacConkey agar. The identification of the bacterial isolates was carried out with the aid of Gram stain, motility test and along with a combination of other commonly employed biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of all the bacterial isolates was carried out on Muller-Hinton agar through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Acinetobacter sp. formed a fair allowance contributing at 42% among all ICU culture positive samples. The respiratory tract samples had a major share at 63.15% for all samples attributed to be positive for Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial etiology. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern portrayed that more than 95% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR) whereas >50% Acinetobacter sp. showed extensive drug resistant (XDR). The last resort for such Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial infections is left to colistin and polymyxin B.Conclusion: Acinetobacter sp. is a highly prevalent microorganism among ICU patients of Ludhiana, Punjab, India, while its potential to acquire resistance toward commonly used antibiotics represents it as a grave threat to the health-care industry, therefore signifying the need for its regular monitoring in the health-care setups.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinical Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Ram Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Subha Shrestha ◽  
Junu Richhinbung Rai ◽  
Ritu Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

Introduction: Multidrug resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is in increasing trend these days. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae with special reference to multidrug resistance and  extended spectrum beta-lactamases production.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted over a period of six months (February -July, 2017) in the microbiology laboratory of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 936 bacterial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from clinical specimens were processed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screened for multidrug resistance. ESBL production was detected among potential isolates by combination disk diffusion test.Results: The rate of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was 54.2% and 23.8% respectively. Of the total ESBL producers 92.4% were multidrug resistance. The rate of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production were higher in organisms isolated from clinical samples collected from inpatients. High rate of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases production was seen in E. coli (54.4% & 27.7%), Klebsiella spp. (67.1% & 28.2%) and Citrobacter spp. (70.3% & 10.9%). The antimicrobial resistance rate was highest against ampicillin (76.7%) followed by cefixime (54. 0%), ceftazidime (51.5%), ceftriaxone (51.0%), cotrimoxazole (48.7%), ciprofloxacin (43.9%) and ofloxacin (41.1%).Conclusions:  Multidrug resistance is common among Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria have high rate of resistance against commonly used groups of antibiotics like cephalosporins and quinolones. Continuous monitoring, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, proper infection control and practices are important to combat with these issues.

scholarly journals Phenotypic analysis and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kiambu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Iliya ◽  
Jonathan Mwangi ◽  
Ronald Maathai ◽  
Mary Muriuki
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes illness to people and can be picked up from both healthcare facilities and the environment leading to high morbidity and mortality. The study was aimed at identifying phenotypic characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of clinical samples isolated from patients attending or admitted in two health facilities in Kiambu County, Kenya. Methodology: One hundred and thirty-eight (138) clinical samples were collected from patients attending Thika and Kiambu Level-5 Hospitals. The isolates were obtained using standard bacteriological techniques. Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was determined using the cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Results: Out of 138 samples, 54 (39.1%) were found to have Staphylococcus aureus of which 22 (40.7%) were shown to be MRSA using the cefoxitin- based susceptibility test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer technique was performed on all 54 isolates. The highest sensitivity was found in chloramphenicol 46 (85.2%) and lowest in penicillin-G 8 (14.8%). Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) was reported in 35 (64.8%) of the 54 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. All 22 MRSA strains were found to be MDR. Conclusions: the data obtained revealed that there is presence of MRSA in healthcare settings in Kiambu County, Kenya with varying antibiotic sensitivity patterns as well as multidrug resistance. The findings will help healthcare workers in the county to develop preventive strategy as well as institute policy for antibiotic usage, infection control and surveillance.

Molecular Investigation of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Elements Isolated from Intensive Care Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Nourbakhsh ◽  
Vajiheh Nourbakhsh ◽  
Samaneh Borooni ◽  
Elaheh Tajbakhsh ◽  
Dana Daneshmand
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Background and Aims: Based on the results, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the serious infectious agents found in community and hospitals with remarkable potential for high morbidity and mortality around the globe. The present study was carried out for molecular investigation of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec (SCCmec) phenotypes isolated from the intensive care unit in Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra hospital of Isfahan. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 clinical wound samples were collected from Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra Hospital in Isfahan and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening was performed by genotypic and phenotypic methods; also antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by using the disk diffusion method and related genes by PCR. Results: Totally, 53 (69.7%) out of 76 clinical samples were positive for MRSA. Of the 76 MRSA strains, 39 (63.51%) were PVL positive (51.3%). The most commonly infected samples were collected from wounds (40.8%). The most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes were mecA (89.61%), tetK (88.23%), tetM (49.15%) and msrA (46.93%). Resultantly, it was shown that MRSA has the highest level of resistance against methicillin (98%), penicillin (97.24%), tetracycline (89.64%). It was also revealed that the most commonly detected SCCmec types in the MRSA strains are types II (14.53%) and III (16.82%). Conclusions: In summary, this paper argues that the orderly surveillance of hospital-associated infections and initial management and supervision of the antibiotic resistance patterns are required to control the prevalence of MRSA.

Evaluation of type II toxin-antitoxin systems, antibiotic resistance profiles, and biofilm quorum sensing genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. Al Marjania ◽  
Ebrahim Kouhsari ◽  
Fatima S. Ali ◽  
Sawsan H. Authman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Bacterial Toxin ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
Imipenem Resistance

Background: Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin (TAs) systems are extensive two-component elements in the bacterial genome, which involved in many key biological functions including growth arrest, survival, biofilm formation, plasmid maintenance, defense against phages, persistence and virulence. Aim: This study aimed to assess the molecular determinants involved in TAs, biofilm quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance profiles in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Baghdad`s hospitals in Iraq. Methods: A total of 127 A. baumannii isolates were collected from 2160 different clinical samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion test. All isolates were characterized for molecular determinants involved in TAs and biofilm formation using the well-known PCR-based sequencing assay. Results: A high multi-drug resistant (MDR) (96.06%; 122/127 ) and imipenem resistance (84.25%; 107/127 ) rates were observed from A.baumannii isolates. Results showed the presence of rhlIR gene in three isolates (2.36%), and lasIR gene appeared in two isolates (1.57%) isolates, whilst, mazEF, ccdAB, and relBE genes have not detected among isolates. Conclusion: A high MDR and imipenem resistance rates within a low prevalence of rhlIR, and lasIR genes could be found in clinical A. baumannii isolates from some of Iraqi hospitals.

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