scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN ACINETOBACTER SP. ISOLATED FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS PATIENTS IN PUNJAB, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kaur ◽  
Chayanika Putatunda ◽  
Aroma Oberoi ◽  
Ashish Vyas ◽  
Gaurav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Objective: This study was designed to study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter sp. as isolated from patients lodged in intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.Methods: The clinical samples were simultaneously streaked on Blood agar and MacConkey agar. The identification of the bacterial isolates was carried out with the aid of Gram stain, motility test and along with a combination of other commonly employed biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of all the bacterial isolates was carried out on Muller-Hinton agar through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Acinetobacter sp. formed a fair allowance contributing at 42% among all ICU culture positive samples. The respiratory tract samples had a major share at 63.15% for all samples attributed to be positive for Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial etiology. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern portrayed that more than 95% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR) whereas >50% Acinetobacter sp. showed extensive drug resistant (XDR). The last resort for such Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial infections is left to colistin and polymyxin B.Conclusion: Acinetobacter sp. is a highly prevalent microorganism among ICU patients of Ludhiana, Punjab, India, while its potential to acquire resistance toward commonly used antibiotics represents it as a grave threat to the health-care industry, therefore signifying the need for its regular monitoring in the health-care setups.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Multi-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Infections - Clinical Findings, Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Lone ◽  
Azra Shah ◽  
SM Kadri ◽  
Shabana Lone ◽  
Shah Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant

Recently, Acinetobacter emerged as an important pathogen and the rate of isolation has increased since the last two decades worldwide. Objectives of the present study were to see the incidence of Acinetobacter infection at a tertiary care hospital at Kashmir, India, demographic features of the infections, species identification and antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern of the isolates. The clinical samples submitted to Microbiology laboratory at SKIMS over a period of 2 years (June, 2001 to June, 2003) were investigated. Identification, speciation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter recovered from clinical samples including urine, pus, sputum, blood, CSF and other body fluids. Clinical and demographic characteristics were studied retrospectively. Out of a total of 5352 infected samples, 258 (4.8%) were found to be due to Acinetobacter. The organism was responsible for 76 (39.64%) cases of urinary tract infection and 38 (29.45%) cases of wound infection and was most prevalent in the intensive care unit (29.84%). A. baumannii was the most predominant species. Prolong hospital stay, Mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Units were found to be potential risk factors. High level of resistance was recorded for Ampicillin (86.3%), Cefazolin (93.2%) Gentamicin (61.5%), Cefotaxime (65.8%), Ceftriaxone (61.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (69.2%). Although no specific pattern during antibiotyping was observed, but most of them were multi-drug resistant. Nosocomial infections by multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter have emerged as an increasing problem especially in the intensive care units of the hospital. The analysis of risk factors and susceptibility pattern will be useful in understanding epidemiology of this organism in a hospital setup. Key words: Acinetobacter, Nosocomial infection, Antibiotyping, Multi-drug resistant   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2969 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 34-38

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Sanjana Rajkumari ◽  
Shanti Pradhan ◽  
Damodar Sharma ◽  
Brajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Acinetobacter species has emerged as a significant hospital pathogen, and are becoming        increasingly drug resistance. They cause outbreaks in intensive care units and health care units. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp isolated from various clinical samples collected from patients admitted in various wards and intensive care units of the hospital over a period of one year (March 2018 to Feb 2019).   Results: Out of 2,623 samples, 1,201(45.78%) yielded significant growth and out of these positive cultures, 138(11.49%) Acinetobacter spp were isolated. Majority of isolates 24(17.39%) were isolated from General intensive care unit (GICU). Maximum sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp was seen towards polymyxin B 138(100%) and colistin 138(100%), followed by tigecycline 127(92.02%). Hundred and one (80.43%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant.   Conclusions: Acinetobacter isolates showed multidrug resistant pattern mostly in inpatients. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously. There is also an urgent need for emphasizing the       importance of hand washing and use of disinfectants in prevention of transmission of infection in health care setup. Keywords: Acinetobacter spp; prevalence; antibiotic resistance; intensive care units; multidrug           resistance.  

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern in the Mixed Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Keyal ◽  
Mahendra Shrestha ◽  
Partima Sigdel Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

 Background: Empirical antibiotics are used in the intensive care unit based on developing countries’ guidelines due to a lack of a bacteriological profile of individual ICU and institution policy. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the antibiogram of the intensive care unit and to make institution policy for antibiotic use in ICU. Materials and methods: It was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the mixed surgical and medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital for one year in 625 patients. Various clinical samples were collected aseptically and organisms were identified by the cultural characteristics, morphology, gram stain, and different biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done with a disc diffusion test. Data collection was done in a preformed sheet that included all tested antibiotic and demographic variables. Statistical analysis was done by using statistical package for the social sciences. The result was presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 625 samples, 135(22%) showed growth in culture. Among them, 96(71%) and 39(29%) were gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci respectively. The tracheal aspirate was the most common type of specimen which comprised 49(36.29%) isolates. The most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus which accounts for 27(20%) isolates, followed by Acinetobacter baumanni 25(18.51%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 22(16.29%) and Pseudomonas aeurignosa 21(15.55%). The incidence of multidrug-resistant and extended drug resistance was 44(32.5%) and 45(33%) respectively. Meanwhile, the incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus was 70%. However, in the case of Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacteriaceae, all were sensitive to polymyxin B and meropenem. Conclusion:Antibiotics should be prescribed based on the antibiogram of individual intensive care units that can decrease antibiotic resistance. Polymyxin B and meropenem can be prescribed for gram-negative bacilli and vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Clinical profile, bacterial profile and outcomes in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in south India: one year study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Sarvepalli ◽  
Prakash Kalakappa Dharana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: Infections still remain as one of the major cause of mortality in low and lower- middle-income countries as reported by Global Burden of Diseases study. Intensive care units (ICU) are a major source of infections in tertiary care hospitals. Widespread multi-drug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates are also associated with infections in ICU. A hospital based epidemiological study was to determine the risk factors; bacterial isolates, antibiotic sensitivity and outcomes in ICU patients.Methods: This prospective study was done at Narayana Medical College and Hospital for 12 months from 1st February 2015 to 31st January 2016. All the risk factors were noted. Patient’s outcome noted as death, recovery and transfer to palliative care. Data entry and analysis performed in Microsoft excel, p valve < 0.001 was considered significant.Results: Three hundred and thirty patients were included in the study (age: 56.16±15 years, 57.6% males). 159 (48.2%) were direct admissions, 103 (31.2%) were transfers from other hospitals. Major cause of admission was neural (29.1%) followed by cardiovascular (21.8%). HTN (52.4%) was major co-morbidity followed by type-2 DM (47.3%). 51.9% culture positivity (n = 539) was observed with sputum 83.6% and blood 24.2%. Gram-negative pathogens were predominant which includes Acinetobacter baumanii (13.8%), Escherichia coli (20%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.1%). Candida Sp and MRSA, VRE were isolated. In the study 255(77.3%) recovered, 38(11.5%) progressed to death and 37(11.2%) transferred to palliative care. Higher mortality was noticed with Acinetobacter baumani (81.6%).Conclusions: High prevalence of gram-negative bacterial infections and multi-drug resistant isolates was noted in Indian ICUs.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Nosocomial Infection in Internal Surgery and Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Hosseini ◽  
Mohamad Kiarsi ◽  
Reza Golmohammadi ◽  
Reza Sadripour
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

ABSTRACT: Today, many studies doneregarding the antibiotic resistance showthose patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are more likely to develop drug resistant pathogens.Pathogens are the major cause of nosocomial infections in intensive care units. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance of pathogens in the hospital is very important for treatment. The recent study aims at identifying drug resistant pathogens and antibiotic resistance pattern in the intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Tehran. In other words, the main purpose of the recent study is understanding the degree to which the resistant bacteria, which cause nosocomial infections is spreading in the ICUs of a tertiary care hospital and to determine the antibiotic- resistance pattern of these bacteria in the ICUs of that hospital. The recent research is a retrospective and cross-sectional study that has been conducted on the files of all patients who were hospitalized in ICUs, internal surgery, and neurosurgery sections of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran in a five-year period (March 2009 to February 2015) and who were diagnosed with nosocomial infection caused by resistant bacteria. According to the results of this research, most of the separated bacteria were: Acinetobacterbaumannii 39.45%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20.69% and the most common location for infection was respiratory tract (67.11%). Also the most common pathogen was Acinetobacterbaumannii which is resistant to most antibiotics.

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