Search for potential plant extracts in the prevention/treatment of dental caries in animals: GTF inhibition is a poor predictor of biofilm inhibition by plant extracts

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Honraet ◽  
O Thas ◽  
S Apers ◽  
K Cimanga ◽  
L Pieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Poor Predictor

scholarly journals Repurposing Napabucasin as an Antimicrobial Agent against Oral Streptococcal Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xinyi Kuang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Chenzi Zhang ◽  
Xian Peng ◽  
Yuan Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Oral Keratinocytes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

Objectives. Disruption of microbial biofilms is an effective way to control dental caries. Drug resistance and side effects of the existing antimicrobials necessitate the development of novel antibacterial agents. The current study was aimed at investigating the antibacterial activities of the repurposed natural compound napabucasin against oral streptococci. Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibition concentration, and minimum biofilm reduction concentration of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis were examined by a microdilution method. Cytotoxicity of napabucasin against human oral keratinocytes, human gingival epithelia, and macrophage RAW264.7 was evaluated by CCK8 assays. The dead/live bacterium and exopolysaccharide in the napabucasin-treated multispecies biofilms were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Microbial composition within the napabucasin-treated biofilms was further visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and qPCR. And the cariogenicity of napabucasin-treated biofilms was evaluated by transverse microradiography. Results. Napabucasin exhibited good antimicrobial activity against oral streptococcal planktonic cultures and biofilms but with lessened cytotoxicity as compared to chlorhexidine. Napabucasin reduced the cariogenic S. mutans and increased the proportion of the commensal S. gordonii in the multispecies biofilms. More importantly, napabucasin significantly reduced the demineralization capability of biofilms on tooth enamels. Conclusion. Napabucasin shows lessened cytotoxicity and comparable antimicrobial effects to chlorhexidine. Repurposing napabucasin may represent a promising adjuvant for the management of dental caries.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sri Kunarti ◽  
Aulia Ramadhani ◽  
Laskmiari Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

scholarly journals Anti-Streptococcal activity of Brazilian Amazon Rain Forest plant extracts presents potential for preventive strategies against dental caries

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Paola Corrêa da SILVA ◽  
Adriana Lígia de CASTILHO ◽  
Cíntia Helena Couri SARACENI ◽  
Ingrit Elida Collantes DÍAZ ◽  
Mateus Luís Barradas PACIÊNCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Amazon Rain Forest

scholarly journals A Characteristic Study on the Effect of Ginger and Nutmeg Extracts on Pseudomonas and E.coli biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
Challaraj Emmanuel E S ◽  
Vinni Biji ◽  
Gayathri N. Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Traditional Medicines

A number of phytochemicals or secondary metabolites were produced by herbs and spices. These were used as food preservatives and also as traditional medicines from long back. These were having various pharmacological benefits which included antioxidant, analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties. In the present study two different plant species (Zingiber officinale, Myristica fragrans) were used for studying their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done by using standard methodology. FTIR analysis of the ginger and nutmeg extracts were carried out to study the functional groups present in the respective plant extracts. The extracts were also subjected to NMR spectroscopy. Two different bacteria were used for the studies which are good biofilm producers, Pseudomonas and E.coli. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic and choloroform extracts of ginger and nutmeg were studied using air liquid interphase coverslip assay and biofilm assay. The results suggest that the ginger and nutmeg extracts have biofilm inhibition activity. The reduction in biofilm was observed in all the 3 concentrations of the nutmeg chloroform extract with maximum biofilm reduction in 100% and was compared with the control. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, biofilm inhibition was observed in all 3 concentrations of ginger and nutmeg.

scholarly journals Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo A. Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis,Actinobacillus,PrevotellaandFusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF QUERCUS INFECTORIA GALLS ON ROTHIA DENTOCARIOSA ISOLATED FROM DENTAL CARIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
AMBULKAR S ◽  
TALE V ◽  
KHILARI S ◽  
PAWAR J
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Microtiter Plate Assay ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

Objective: The present study aimed to study Quercus infectoria gall extract for phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activity against Rothia dentocariosa isolated from dental caries. Methods: R. dentocariosa was isolated, characterized, and identified by 16S rRNA sequence and also checked for biofilm formation ability. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extracts was carried out. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was performed using agar well diffusion method and microtiter plate assay, respectively. Results: Bacterial isolate from dental caries was identified as R. dentocariosa by 16s rRNA sequencing technique with accession number MH824681 obtained from NCBI. Phytochemical analysis of Q. infectoria aqueous gall extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenol, tannin, glycosides, phenolic compound, and flavonoids. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with 19.00 (±7.07) mm diameter zone of inhibition. The biofilm inhibition assay was performed by microtiter plate method indicated 92.89% inhibition of bacteria at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of aqueous extract. Conclusion: The results indicated the efficacy of Q. infectoria gall extracts that could be explored as an alternative to current treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antifungal activity of plant extracts and oral antiseptics against Candida albicans

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Roberta Carvalho Sthel Balliana ◽  
Cláudia Masrouah Jamal ◽  
Simone Bravim Maifrede ◽  
Mariceli Lamas de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Arctium Lappa ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Isolated Species

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection of the oral cavity, and <em>Candida albicans</em> is the most frequently isolated species. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> In this study, the potential antifungal effect of extracts from <em>Gossypium hirsutum </em>L., <em>Arctium lappa</em>,<em> Equisetum </em>sp<em>.</em>, <em>Cecropia pachystachya </em>Trécul and <em>Pogostemon heyneanus</em> plants were evaluated on non-adhered cells of <em>C. albicans</em>, and the effect of oral antiseptics A (cetylpyridinium chloride 0.500 mg), B (chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12%), C (hydrogen peroxide 1.5%) and D (thymol, eucalyptol, menthol and methyl salicylate) were evaluated on non-adhered cells and biofilms of C. albicans, using turbidimetry and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts and the maximal inhibitory dilution (MID) of the antiseptics. <strong>Results:</strong> The most promising results on non-adhered cells were obtained with <em>Cecropia pachystachya</em>Trécul extracts, with MIC values between 7.81 and 3.91 µg/mL. Antiseptics A and B showed the lowest MID values, between 0.20 and 0.10% (Kruskal-Wallis, p&lt;0.0001). Regarding biofilm inhibition, the MID values found were similar for the tested antiseptics, varying from 50% to 0.20% (Kruskal-Wallis, p=0.6915). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results show that some plant extracts has potential use in the prevention and treatment of oral candidiasis. </p>

scholarly journals A Novel Small Molecule, ZY354, Inhibits Dental Caries-Associated Oral Biofilms

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenzi Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Kuang ◽  
Yuanzheng Zhou ◽  
Xian Peng ◽  
Qiang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Small Molecule Compound ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Multispecies Biofilms

ABSTRACT Biofilm control is a critical approach to the better management of dental caries. Antimicrobial small molecules have shown their potential in the disruption of oral biofilm and control of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to examine the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of a newly designed small-molecule compound, ZY354. ZY354 was synthesized, and its cytotoxicity was evaluated in human oral keratinocytes (HOK), human gingival epithelial cells (HGE), and macrophages (RAW) by CCK-8 assays. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBICs), and minimum biofilm reduction concentrations (MBRCs) of ZY354 against common oral streptococci (i.e., Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis) were determined by microdilution method. The exopolysaccharide (EPS)/bacterium ratio and the dead/live bacterium ratio in the ZY354-treated multispecies biofilms were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the microbial composition was visualized and quantified by fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The demineralizing activity of ZY354-treated biofilms was evaluated by transverse microradiography. The results showed that ZY354 exhibited low cytotoxicity in HOK, HGE, and RAW cells and exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against common oral streptococci. The EPS and the abundance of S. mutans were significantly reduced after ZY354 treatment, along with an increased dead/live microbial ratio in multispecies biofilms compared to the level with the nontreated control. The ZY354-treated multispecies biofilms exhibited reduced demineralizing activity at the biofilm/enamel interface. In conclusion, the small-molecule compound ZY354 exhibits low cytotoxicity and remarkable antimicrobial activity against oral streptococci, and it may have a great potential in anticaries clinical applications.

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
Alan L. Coykendall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dna Reassociation ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

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