PTFE Based Multilayer Micro-Coatings for Aluminum AlMg3 Forms Used in Tire Production

The basic prerequisite for obtaining the coating of good quality is the production of a layer without the occurrence of surface defects. A possible solution to the occurrence of defects on the functional surface of the form is the application of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based coating. The coating helps to reduce surface roughness and “smooth” defects like pores and micro-shrinkage. For this reason, a new type and methodology of the coating were prepared to achieve more production cycles between the individual cleaning processes during the production of a tire. The subject of the study was the analysis of surface-applied micro-coatings, including the analysis of chemical composition by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and microstructure in the area of coatings. Detailed microstructural characterization of Alfipas 7818 and Alfiflon 39 and its imaging of surface structures were studied using atomic force microscopy. To examine the surface layer of the coatings, metallographic specimens of cross-sections (by means of a mold) were prepared and examined by light and electron microscopy. This new multilayer micro-coating with a thickness of 20–25 μm has been found to prevent form contamination during tire production and to extend production cycles by 200–400% between process cleanings. This finding was actually tested in the production of tires in the environment of a large manufacturing company.

Caracterización mecánica del caucho vulcanizado reciclado

Natural Rubber comes from the rubber tree as a white latex and after vulcanization It has many industrial applications such as o-rings, shoes, electric components, flexible piping, tires, etc. However, every industrial process in rubber transformation brings some amount of waste. The most visible problem with rubber is the tire production. Every tire is made from a mixture of natural and synthetic rubber with more than 100 different chemical components. The previous scenario shows a problem of general pollution and waste disposal.

Machine Learning Based Electric Energy Consumption Prediction of a Large-Scaled Production Plant with Small-Scaled Data

This report covers the statistical approach to predict consumed energy for a tire production plant. The reasons behind this study are also to optimize the energy consumption budget and to follow the production area wised KPIs which is also vital for ISO 50001 Energy management system standard. In order to make it happen, writers clarify the main problem, then start to apply the steps of the cross industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) [1] methodology. The most important point of this study was that although the historical data is small scaled, the parameters have a higher dimension according to input examples. Hence, the data to be used as input could be explained with simple variables to be used in the budget period. The study introduces data preparation steps based on the production area, grid search for best regression algorithm, comparison of models, and seven-month validation results.

EVALUASI KAPASITAS PRODUKSI BAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RCCP DENGAN PENDEKATAN BOLA

Capacity planning in a company's production process needs to be considered so that the products produced meet consumer demand. PT X, is a manufacturing company that focuses on tire production. One type of large-sized tire product that has the highest demand is the ABC type with a sTabel production amount per month and demand that goes up every year. In terms of fulfilling customer demand, especially requests for large tires with type ABC, PT X often has difficulty in meeting consumer demand, this happens because the capacity of the machine is not available. Therefore, the existing production capacity must be evaluated to find out whether the available capacity is sufficient with the required capacity. To analyze this problem, the Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP) method, this method is to analyze and test the determination of capacity in the master production schedule. Calculation of available capacity and capacity required in a year is carried out for the process carried out, namely: Building, Spreading and venting, curing, and Trimming. For the building and trimming process, it is found that the decision of the acupacity is fulfilled, while the Spreading and venting process is required to add 1 machine, and the curing process is required to add the machine according to the number of requests per month. From these results it can be given a proposal that needs to be considered in meeting the capacity to meet consumer needs while still paying attention to production costs.

Datum ranking and analysis of factors affecting tire wear

Relevance of the work. The operational efficiency and technical condition of mining vehicles to a large extent depend on the service life and performance characteristics of tires. The most important technological process that determines the effectiveness of field development is the transportation of rock mass. The share of motor transport costs in the total cost and production by open method at Russian mining enterprises is significant, and reaches 70% as the depth of open pits (cuts) increases. At the same time, the actual productivity of mining trucks is much lower than their technical and technological capabilities, and this difference is up to 2.5 times or more for various brands of vehicles, including imported ones. Today, both consumers and manufacturers of large tires are interested in the most efficient tire production management. Purpose of the work: consideration of the main factors affecting tyre life, as well as datum ranking of these factors to determine the degree of significance of each factor. Methodology of research. The systematic approach was used including datum ranking method, some analytical, computational methods and generalization. Results. The ranking was carried out by three independent groups of experts on a number of proposed factors. The main factors in each group were identified and the degree of agreement between the opinions of the interviewed specialists was evaluated. The general opinion of various expert groups on the significance and ranking of factors affecting the integrity of giant tires is confirmed. Conclusions. Datum ranking and analysis of factors affecting the wear of giant tires of mining dump trucks significantly affect the optimization of machine operation and, with appropriate adjustments, can give a positive economic effect.

Dampak Penurunan Tarif Impor, Investasi dan Relokasi Industri Ban Terhadap Perdagangan Karet Alam dan Ban Indonesia di Pasar Dunia

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak penurunan tarif impor karet alam dan ban, peningkatan investasi dan relokasi industri ban dari USA, Jepang, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) ke Indonesia terhadap perdagangan karet alam dan ban Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan model sistem persamaan simultan. Deregulasi perdagangan melalui penurunan tarif impor ban telah meningkatkan ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke pasar Jepang dan RRT yang mendorong peningkatan produksi dan ekspor ban Indonesia. Kebijakan tersebut telah memberikan dampak tidak menguntungkan bagi ekspor karet alam Thailand dan Malaysia. Kombinasi antara penurunan tarif impor ban dengan tarif impor karet alam RRT memberikan dampak tidak menguntungkan terhadap produksi dan ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke pasar RRT dan tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap harga karet alam tingkat petani domestik. Selanjutnya peningkatan investasi dan relokasi industri ban dari USA, Jepang, RRT ke domestik memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan produksi dan ekspor ban Indonesia, konsumsi karet alam domestik, peningkatan produksi dan harga karet alam di tingkat petani domestik. Perubahan positif neraca perdagangan juga terjadi ketika semakin besarnya peningkatan investasi dan relokasi industri ban ke domestik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah dan asosiasi industri melakukan industrial lobbying ke negara-negara besar pelaku industri ban dunia khususnya Asia Timur dan USA dalam kerangka kerja sama PTA atau FTA. Kata Kunci: Karet Alam, Ban, Perdagangan, Sistem Persamaan Simultan Abstract This study aims to analyze the impact of the reduction in import tariff on natural rubber and tires, increase investment and relocate of tire industry from the USA, Japan, China to Indonesia to trade in natural rubber and Indonesian tires. The analysis of the Indonesian natural rubber and tires trade used simultaneous equation system models. Trade deregulation through a reduction in tire import tariff had increased Indonesia's natural rubber exports to Japanese and Chinese markets, which has encouraged to increase Indonesian tire production. However, this policy had unfavorable impact on Thailand and Malaysia's natural rubber exports. The combination of the reduction in tire import tariff and the tariff for importing Chinese natural rubber had an unfavorable impact on the production and export of Indonesian natural rubber to the Chinese market and had a weak impact on the natural rubber prices of domestic farmers.Furthermore, increased investment and relocation of the tire industry from the USA, Japan, China to Indonesia had increased Indonesian tire production and exports, domestic consumption of natural rubber, production and prices of natural rubber at the level of domestic farmers. A positive change in the trade balance also occurred when the increasing investment and relocation of the tire industry to the domestic market grew. This study recommended the government and industrial association to conduct industrial lobbying to big tire-industry players particularly in East Asia and USA under PTA and FTA Framework. Keywords: Natural Rubber, Tire, Trade and Simultaneous Equations System JEL Classification: F13, F17, Q17

New adducts of turpentine and rosin with citraconic anhydride and itaconic acid

The reaction of pine gum rosin, turpentine and its components (α-pinene, ∆3-carene, α-terpinene) with citraconic anhydride and itaconic acid was investigated. It was shown that α-terpinene, in contrast to α-pinene and ∆3-carene, reacts with citraconic anhydride to give the unknown cycloaddition reaction product. Its structure was studied by the 2D NMR spectroscopy. Turpentine reacts with itaconic acid forming a complex mixture that contains esters of terpenic alcohols and itaconic acid. Reaction of rosin with citraconic anhydride was studied at 140–180 °С within 0.5–8 hrs in presence of catalytic amounts of H2SO4, MgCl2, AlCl3, FeCl3and new citraconopimaric adducts containing up to ~70 % of citraconopimaric acid as a mixture of two С15–CH3and С16–CH3isomers in equimolar ratio. The highest content of С15–CH3isomer of citraconopimaric acid (35.5–36.0 %) in the adducts was reached within 4–8 hrs at 180 °С in presence of 1–2 mass. % H2SO4. The reaction of rosin with citraconic anhydride at 140–160 °С leads to the formation of adduct containing up to 30–50 % of citraconopimaric acid isomers. The synthesized adducts may be used for production of composite materials for different applications (adhesives, polymer composite additives including rubber blends for tire production, components of grease-cooling liquids).