scholarly journals I know the name well, but cannot read it correctly: difficulties in reading recent Japanese names

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Correct Reading ◽  
The Common ◽  
Naming Practices

AbstractPrevious literature has mentioned the difficulty in reading recent Japanese names correctly. However, this difficulty has not been empirically demonstrated. Thus, it is unclear to what extent and how it is difficult. Therefore, this paper provides empirical evidence of the difficulty in reading Japanese names correctly. Data including names of babies born between 2004 and 2018 were analyzed. The results showed that common writings have many variations in reading, which makes it difficult (or almost impossible) to choose the correct reading among many options. For example, one of the common writings for boys, 大翔 had 18 variations in reading, and for girls, 結愛 had 14 variations in reading. These variations differed remarkably in pronunciation, length, and meaning. Empirically reporting this difficulty in reading Japanese names correctly contributes to a better understanding of naming practices not only in Japan but also in vast regions where Chinese characters are/were used.

scholarly journals How to Read Uncommon Names in Present-Day Japan: A Guide for Non-Native Japanese Speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Ogihara
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Native Japanese Speakers ◽  
Foreign Word ◽  
Japanese Speakers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Reading ◽  
Naming Practices

A previous study categorized uncommon names in present-day Japan. However, it was presented in Japanese mainly for native Japanese speakers and thus failed to explain shared knowledge about naming practices, making it difficult for non-native Japanese speakers to understand the study. It is important to share cultural practices not only within but also beyond the culture. Moreover, considering that Japanese names are difficult to read, reducing the risk of failing to read names correctly is helpful especially for non-native Japanese speakers. Therefore, by adding supplementary explanations, this paper systematically describes the characteristics and patterns of uncommon names in present-day Japan. Uncommon names largely take two forms: names with an uncommon reading of Chinese characters and names with uncommon Chinese characters. Regarding the reading, there are three types: 1-1) names that abbreviate the common reading of Chinese characters, 1-2) names that are pronounced as a foreign word, and 1-3) names that are pronounced based on the meaning/image of Chinese characters. Regarding the writing, there are two types: 2-1) names with Chinese characters used infrequently and 2-2) names with silent Chinese characters adding to the semantic meaning without contributing to the pronunciation. Further, a combination of these methods makes names more unique.

A comparison of the changes in the patterns of the usage and categorization of the classifier ‘ben 本’ in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Jeong-A Jo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Korean Chinese ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the common features and differences in how the Chinese-character classifier ‘ ben 本’ is used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, and will explore the factors that have affected the categorization processes and patterns of the classifier ‘ ben 本.’ Consideration of the differences in the patterns of usage and categorization of the same Chinese classifier in different languages enables us to look into the perception of the world and the socio cultural differences inherent in each language, the differences in the perception of Chinese characters, and the relationship between classifiers.

A comparison of the changes in the patterns of the usage and categorization of the classifier ‘ben 本’ in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese

2021 ◽  
pp. 251385022098177
Author(s):  
Jeong-A Jo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Chinese Character ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Korean Chinese ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the common features and differences in how the Chinese-character classifier ‘ ben 本’ is used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, and will explore the factors that have affected the categorization processes and patterns of the classifier ‘ ben 本.’ Consideration of the differences in the patterns of usage and categorization of the same Chinese classifier in different languages enables us to look into the perception of the world and the socio cultural differences inherent in each language, the differences in the perception of Chinese characters, and the relationship between classifiers.

Spoken fluency revisited

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Joint Production ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interactive View

AbstractAn important priority for the English Profile programme is to incorporate empirical evidence of the spoken language into the Common European Framework (CEFR). At present, the CEFR descriptors relating to the spoken language include references to fluency and its development as the learner moves from one level to another. This article offers a critique of the monologic bias of much of our current approach to spoken fluency. Fluency undoubtedly involves a degree of automaticity and the ability quickly to retrieve ready-made chunks of language. However, fluency also involves the ability to create flow and smoothness across turn-boundaries and can be seen as an interactive phenomenon in discourse. The article offers corpus evidence for the notion of confluence, that is the joint production of flow by more than one speaker, focusing in particular on turn-openings and closings. It considers the implications of an interactive view of fluency for pedagogy, assessment and in the broader social context.

WHAT DO WE HAVE IN-COMMON? OVERCOMING THE NOT-INVENTED-HERE SYNDROME THROUGH RECATEGORISATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150070
Author(s):  
MARION A. WEISSENBERGER-EIBL ◽  
TIM HAMPEL
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Large Field ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dual Identities

The not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome describes a negatively-shaped attitude of employees towards externally generated knowledge. Despite being cited as one of the largest barriers in the transfer of external knowledge, empirical evidence on interventions to overcome NIH remains scarce. To address this research gap, we design a brief and specificrecategorisational-intervention on basis of the common in-group identity model in order to change employees’ attitudes towards external knowledge directly. Additionally, we take into account the effects of affirmations as a frequently mentioned countermeasure to NIH and also investigate the role of dual identities in recategorisation. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a large field experiment with a total of 1,097 employees within a multinational organisation. Results revealed that (I) organisational identification and status are positively related to higher levels of NIH, (II) a recategorisational-intervention completely removes the NIH bias and leads to a significant increase in the evaluation of external knowledge.

scholarly journals Is It Benign or Is It a Pariah? Empirical Evidence for the Impact of the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) on Australian Birds

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e40622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Grarock ◽  
Christopher R. Tidemann ◽  
Jeffrey Wood ◽  
David B. Lindenmayer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Myna ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
Acridotheres Tristis ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Acoustic Feature-Based Clustering Analysis for Phonetic Degree of Chinese Phonogram

2012 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 518-522
Author(s):  
Min Ma
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Acoustic Feature ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Empirical Claim ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Inherent Problem ◽  
The Common

A significant portion of the Chinese characters is phonogram, whose phonetic part can be used for overall sound inference. Phonetic degree is an inherent problem in the inference because low phonetic degree implies little phonetic dependence between the phonogram and its phonetic components. Solving the phonetic degree problem requires association each phonogram with the acoustic features. This paper introduces acoustic feature-based clustering, a classifying model that divides the common phonogram by defining new similarity of the sounds. This allows phonetic degree to be evaluated more reasonable. We demonstrate the clustering outperformed the traditional empirical estimation by having more accurate and real expressiveness. Acoustic feature-based clustering output 48.6% as phonetic degree, less than the empirical claim which is around 75%. As a clustering classifier, our model is competitive with a much clearer boundary on the phonogram dataset

scholarly journals Do budgetary institutions mitigate the common pool problem? New empirical evidence for the EU

Public Choice ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 156 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 423-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob de Haan ◽  
Richard Jong-A-Pin ◽  
Jochen O. Mierau
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Budgetary Institutions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

Democratic Resource or Democratic Threat? Profiles of Critical and Uncritical Citizens in Comparative Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Geissel
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Common ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
Citizens Attitudes ◽  
Critical Citizens ◽  
International Social

AbstractWhy are some countries democratic and democratize continuously, while others stagnate? According to theories on political culture, citizens' attitudes are crucial elements. In this context the discussion on critical citizens is gaining prominence: Critical citizens are regarded as a threat to democratic stability or as promoter for democratic reforms. Based on the International Social Survey data (2004), I will contribute some empirical evidence to this controversy. In addition to the common equating of criticism with discontentment, I will also include the normative disposition of “critical” attentiveness. Bivariate and multivariate analyses show that contentment, praised in previous research, or discontentment, as suggested by recent studies, are not the decisive attitudes. It is the political attentiveness which promotes democracies.

The Common Core Thesis in the Study of Mysticism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Core ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
William James ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Aldous Huxley ◽  
Empirical Psychology ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
The Common

The common core thesis contends that mystical experience is an ultimate non-sensuous experience of unity of all things. It can be identified within major faith traditions, whether explicitly religious or not. Its roots are in the work of William James who explored mystical experience outside the limits imposed by what he perceived as only a provisional natural science assumption of the newly emerging discipline of empirical psychology. Following the explicit phenomenological work of Walter Stace, the phenomenology of a universal core to mystical experience has been operationalized and an explicit psychometric measure developed to allow empirical assessment of the claim to a common core to mysticism. It is the linkage of psychometric approaches to the work of James and Stace that is now known explicitly as the common core thesis. The common core thesis needs to be delineated from the perennialist thesis popularized by Aldous Huxley in which there is postulated not only a common core experience, but also values and practices claimed to be associated with this experience if not directly derived from it. Psychometric and empirical evidence for the common core thesis is substantial and continues to accumulate. The common core thesis is restricted to mystical experience and assumes that this experience seeks to express itself in various faith traditions, whether religious or not, but is not restricted to or defined adequately by the culture or language with which this experience is interpreted. Unlike the perennialist thesis, the common core thesis does not assume that any common theology, philosophy, or practice necessarily follows from mystical experience.

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