Sludge Ash as Fine Aggregate for Concrete Mix

1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khanbilvardi ◽  
S. Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Sludge Ash

scholarly journals Lightweight SFRC Benefitting from a Pre-Soaking and Internal Curing Process

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hornakova ◽  
Jacek Katzer ◽  
Janusz Kobaka ◽  
Petr Konecny
Keyword(s):  
Strength Class ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Internal Curing ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Concrete Mix

The presented research program is focused on the design of a structural lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete harnessing an internal curing process. Pre-soaked waste red ceramic fine aggregate and pre-soaked artificial clay expanded coarse aggregate were utilized for the creation of the mix. Copper-coated steel fiber was added to the mix by volume in amounts of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. Test specimens in forms of cubes, cylinders, and beams were tested to specify the concrete characteristics. Such properties as consistency, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static and dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural characteristics, and shear strength were of special interest. The achieved concrete can be classified as LC12/13. A strength class, according to fib Model Code, was also assigned to the concretes in question. The proposed method of preparation of concrete mix using only pre-soaked aggregate (with no extra water) proved to be feasible.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Mechanical Properties of Concrete Based on Fly Ash and Palm Oil Clinkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
L Opirina ◽  
Azwanda Azwanda ◽  
R Febrianto
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Composition ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Main Material

Concrete is the result of a mixture of cement, aggregate and water. Under certain conditions, the concrete mixture can be added with additives and admixture to get the concrete as needed. Cement is the most important material in the manufacture of conventional concrete. When cement is produced, the same amount of CO2 will also be generated as a side effect and pollute the atmosphere. Fly ash as an alternative to cement will be introduced as an alternative concrete material to reduce the use of cement in the concrete mix. In addition to the use of charcoal fly ash as a partial substitute for cement, this study also uses palm oil clinkers as a substitute for fine aggregate as much as 20%. This replacement material is an industrial waste which has the main content of silica and alumina which is similar to the main material for forming concrete. In addition, the use of these two materials also aims to reduce the exploration of the use of natural materials. This research introduces 3 kinds of concrete composition. The grouping is based on the ratio of fly ash and cement used, namely (60%:40%), (70%:30%) and (80%:20%). The test object used is a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm. Tests were carried out at the age of 28 days of concrete. The compressive strength test showed that the best concrete was produced from the combination of the addition of 60% fly ash of coal aged 28 days, which was 4.21 MPa.

scholarly journals RECYCLE GLASS WASTE AS A REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE MIX STANDARD COMPARISON

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Syf. Umi Kalsum ◽  
Betti Ses Eka Polonia ◽  
Hurul 'Ain
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Concrete Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Waste Solid ◽  
Mixed Material ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

Recycling is one way that is used to minimize the amount of waste that exists. Recycling is also a process to reduce the use of new raw materials, reduce energy use, reduce pollution, land degradation and greenhouse gas emissions. Materials that can be recycled consist of waste of glass, plastic, paper, metal, textiles and electronic goods. Glass has characteristics suitable as concrete aggregates, considering that glass is a material that does not absorb water. In addition, glass has high abrasion resistance. Meanwhile, the waste glass flux lowers the temperature to the temperature at which the formers will melt. Stabilizers in glass waste are made of calcium carbonate, which makes the glass waste solid and water-resistant. This glass waste is recycled by mixing it into the concrete mix. The recycling method is done by pounding the glass and putting it into the concrete mix stage. The purpose of mixing the glass waste is expected to increase the compressive strength of concrete. The use of glass waste as a mixed material affects the compressive strength of the concrete. The concrete with the most inferior to highest compressive strength is 4% variation concrete, 2% variation concrete, and traditional concrete. Optimal percentage addition of glass waste impacts on maximum concrete compressive strength is 2% mixture variation which obtained 11,88 Mpa & 11,32 Mpa.

scholarly journals Hardened Properties of Concrete Containing Copper Slag, Rock Dust and Polypropylene Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2226-2233
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Super Plasticizer ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Rock Dust

The concrete is the material that is obtained from concrete forming materials. These raw materials are mixed in particular proportions, these proportions are based on different concrete grades. These concrete grades defines the strength of the concrete. Construction of structures are based upon concrete, the construction process is growing day by day at a huge scale, hence there is more demand for the raw materials. In order to maintain the demand, excessive extractions of raw materials are done, which makes environment more harmful. In order to limit the extraction of natural raw materials that are used for producing concrete mix, alternative supplementary materials are replaced with fine aggregates. This study involves using of alternative supplementary materials as partial replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag and rock dust, copper slag and rock dust are used at various proportions. The various proportions of rock dust and copper slag are 0% to 50% replacement at an increment of 5% interval. Polypropylene fiber is the material that is added as supplementary material to the concrete mix, it is added at constant volume of 1.5% volume of concrete, it is mixed in concrete to improve toughness and reduce shrinkage of concrete. Super plasticizer admixture that is used is Conplast SP430DIS which contains sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde is added to cement based on site trails which increases the early concrete strength. Combining copper slag, rock dust, polypropylene fiber and super plasticizer admixture in modified concrete gave best results when compared to conventional concrete due to content of silica in copper slag. Hence this combination can be used for further investigation

scholarly journals Utilization of PET Fiber in Concrete

2019 ◽  
pp. 204-212
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Pet Fibers

In this study, the effectiveness of waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fibers in improving the properties of concrete was investigated. Recycling of waste PET bottles is a daunting task in developing countries due to inadequate recycling facilities. The main aim of this research paper is to investigate the mechanical behavior of the components by using PET fibers. This paper describes the performance of PET fiber reinforced concrete for two grades of concrete mix M20 and M30. An experimental work has been carried out on the specimens like cubes, cylinders and beams which were casted in the laboratory and their behavior under the test was observed. The PET fibers were replaced to the fine aggregate volume from 0.0% to 2.0%. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete were determined after 28 days of curing period. The highest compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of concrete was observed at 1.5% fiber volume replacement to the fine aggregate. The study concludes that the replacement of waste PET fibers to fine aggregate in concrete serves as a means of utilizing the waste generated by PET bottles to increase the strength of concrete.

scholarly journals Concrete Mix Design for Completely Recycled Fine Aggregate by Modified Packing Density Method

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Yibo Yang ◽  
Baixi Chen ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Qianpu Chen ◽  
Zhiji Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Density Method ◽  
Concrete Mix Design ◽  
Recycled Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Aggregate System

The undesirable properties of conventional recycled fine aggregate (RFA) often limit its application in the construction industry. To overcome this challenge, a method for preparing completely recycled fine aggregate (CRFA), which crushes all concrete waste only into fine aggregate, was proposed. The obtained CRFA had high apparent density, and its water absorption was lower than that of the conventional RFA. To take advantage of the CRFA, this paper introduced the modified packing density method for the CRFA concrete mix design. The modified packing density method took account of the powder with a particle size of smaller than 75 μm in the CRFA and balanced both the void ratio and the specific surface area of the aggregate system. Concrete (grade C55) was prepared using the CRFA to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. The unit price of the prepared CRFA concrete was around 12.7% lower than that of the natural aggregate concrete. Additionally, the proposed procedure for the concrete mixture design could recycle all concrete waste into the new concrete and replace all the natural fine aggregate in the concrete mixture.

scholarly journals SUITABILITY OF BURNT AND CRUSHED COW BONES AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
NM Ogarekpe ◽  
JC Agunwamba ◽  
FO Idagu ◽  
ES Bejor ◽  
OE Eteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Average Compressive Strength ◽  
Curing Age

The suitability of burnt and crushed cow bones (BCCB) as partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete was studied. The percentages of replacements of fine aggregates of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively of BCCB were tested considering 1: 2: 4 and 1: 11/2 :3 concrete mix ratios. The cow bones were burnt for 50 minutes up to 92oC before being crushed. Ninety-six (96) concrete cubes of 1: 2: 4 mix ratio and ninety-six (96) concrete cubes of 1 : : 3 mix ratio measuring 150x150x150mm were tested for the compressive strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. The research revealed that the BCCB acted as a retarder in the concrete. Water-cement ratio increased with the increase in the percentage of the BCCB. The mixes of 1:2:4 and 1::3 at 28 days curing yielded average compressive strengths in N/mm2 ranging from 16.49 - 24.29 and 18.71 - 29.73, respectively. For the mix ratios of 1:2:4 and 1:: 3 at 28 days curing age,  it was observed that increase in the BCCB content beyond 40 and 50%, respectively resulted to the reduction of the average compressive strength below recommended minimum strength for use of concrete in structural works.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i3.4

Mechanical and Durability Analysis of Recycled Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Anamika Agnihotri ◽  
Ajay Singh Jethoo ◽  
P.V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Durability Properties ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Durability Analysis ◽  
Concrete Mix

The mechanical and durability properties were best at 45% GGBS and 5% Waste Glass with 0.4 water/cement ratio. The recycled materials implemented for mix proportion were waste glass provided considerably to enhance its properties when added with GGBS. In most of the research work, the effect of WG and GGBS in concrete as a partial substitution of fine aggregate and cement individually is analyzed. Previous studies only show the individual impact of these concrete recycled materials on mechanical and durability properties. In the present study, an exact optimum substitution level of cement by GGBS (15 – 60% at an increment of 15%) and fine aggregate by the waste glass (5 – 20% at an increase of 5%) combined for OPC concrete mix. Mechanical (compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength) and microstructural properties (FESEM) were observed on the combination of waste glass and GGBS concrete mix.

Cost Effectiveness of Scheffe’s Optimized Five-Component-Concrete with Mound Soil as a Mix Component

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
O.U. Orie ◽  
N.N. Osadebe
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
The Cost

The paper examined the cost benefit of optimized five-component-concrete mix. Mound Soil randomly selected from Iyeke-Ogba in Benin City was used as a case study of a fifth component in the concrete mix. The work applied Scheffe’s optimization technique to obtain concrete mix proportions. A mathematical model for the optimizing concrete of five components namely; cement, fine aggregate, mound soil, coarse aggregates and water/cement (w/c) ratio, was developed. Cube samples measuring 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were made with the developed mixes and compared with the results of a standard 1:2:4 mix. The samples were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days for compressive strength. The costs of producing a unit volume of the concretes were determined and compared. The results showed that the standard mix gave a 28th day maximum strength of at a w/c of 0.5 and the theoretically optimized design mix gave a mix proportion of 1.00:1.59:0.46:3.34:0.53 and a compressive strength of. This mix was tested experimentally and it gave, representing an increase of 15.33%. The cost benefit analysis showed that Scheffe’s optimized mound soil concrete, MSC was 15% more economical than the standard mix plain concrete.

Sewage sludge ash characteristics and its potential applications

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Pan ◽  
D.H. Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Sludge Ash

This study investigated the characteristics of SSA in Taiwan area. The potential applications of SSA reuse were also evaluated. Four major characteristics of SSA, including chemical compositions, pozzolanic properties, physical properties, and surface properties were analyzed. Experimental results found that SSA was a complex mixture of burnt residues of sludge biomass and minerals. The major chemical compositions of SSA were silicon oxide, aluminium oxide, and iron oxide. The most predominant silicon oxide occupied 41.3 to 56.1% of overall SSA weight and approximately 60% weight of silicon oxide in SSA was amorphous type. Due to the effect of amorphous silicon oxide, the SSA exerted pozzolanic activity. The strength activity index (SAI) value of SSA was between 53.6 and 74.3%. The SSA particles were also the agglomeration of finer grains between 0.1 and 1μm of size. Therefore the SSA was porous with irregular particles with significant pore surface area. Additionally, the SSA exerted negative surface charge and cation-exchange capacity in neutral aqueous phase. Based on the SSA characteristics found in this study, four potential applications of SSA reuse were evaluated. These technologies included reusing as fine aggregate, reusing as pozzolanic material, melting or vitrification treatment, and reusing as adsorbent. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the above potential applications of SSA were discussed.

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