Impact of the Road Pricing Scheme on Commuter Trip Departure Time

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. H. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Road Pricing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Departure Time

Optimal Toll Design Problem in Dynamic Traffic Networks with Joint Route and Departure Time Choice

2005 ◽  
Vol 1923 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Joksimovic ◽  
Michiel C. J. Bliemer ◽  
Piet H. L. Bovy
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Dynamic Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice

Road pricing is one of the market-based traffic control measures that can influence travel behavior to alleviate congestion on roads. This paper addresses the effects of uniform (constant, fixed) and time-varying (step) tolls on the travel behavior of users on the road network. The problem of determining optimal prices in a dynamic traffic network is considered by applying second-best tolling scenarios imposing tolls only to a subset of links on the network and considering elastic demand. The optimal toll design problem is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem with the road authority (on the upper level) setting the tolls and the travelers (on the lower level) who respond by changing their travel decisions (route and departure time choice). To formulate the optimal toll design problem, the so-called mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) formulation was used, considering the dynamic nature of traffic flows on the one hand and dynamic pricing on the other. Until now, the MPEC formulation has been applied in static cases only. The model structure comprises three interrelated levels: (a) dynamic network loading, (b) route choice and departure time choice, and (c) road pricing level. For solving the optimal toll design problem in dynamic networks, a simple search algorithm is used to determine the optimal toll pattern leading to optimization of the objective function of the road authority subject to dynamic traffic assignment constraints. Nevertheless, uniform and time-varying pricing is analyzed, and a small hypothetical network is considered.

Trial-and-Error Procedure for Implementing a Road-Pricing Scheme

2005 ◽  
Vol 1923 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Meng ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Traffic Assignment ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Assignment Problem ◽  
Pricing Scheme

This paper deals with a road-pricing scheme that aims at alleviating congestion phenomena or air and noise pollution in some areas of a transportation network in such a way that the volumes of traffic flow on entry links to these areas do not exceed their respective predetermined thresholds by levying appropriate tolls at these links. This paper begins to show that the road-pricing scheme is equivalent to a problem that determines optimal Lagrangian multipliers for a user equilibrium traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints. It then proceeds to devise a novel trial-and-error procedure requiring observed traffic flows at the entry links only, to identify a solution for the road-pricing scheme when link travel time functions, origin–destination demand functions, and users’ value of travel time are unknown. The procedure is as follows. A trial on a set of given tolls is conducted, and then the resultant link flows are observed. According to these observed traffic flows, a new set of tolls for the next trial is adjusted by executing a simple projection operation. The trial-and-error procedure is, in fact, a variation of a gradient projection method for dual formulation of the traffic assignment problem, and its convergence can be guaranteed under mild conditions. Accordingly, a conjecture for the convergence of trial-and-error implementation of the congestion pricing proposed by economists is rigorously proved. Furthermore, the iterative procedure presented in this paper in practice can facilitate the estimation of such tolls by land transport authorities.

scholarly journals Comparing Road User Charging Acceptability in the City of Tunis and Damascus

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shatanawi ◽  
Souhir Boudhrioua ◽  
Ferenc Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The City

Worldwide, multiple studies have been trying to reduce traffic issues without physically changing the road network, this is when the congestion fees strategy has been considered as a favorable solution for the urban traffic issues. A fundamental condition that needs to be checked before the implementation of the road-pricing scheme is the acceptability of both the political and the public parties. The acceptability is so variable and depends on many features and differs from one individual to another, thus, a survey with a set of variant questions might help to understand the expectations and the worries of the citizens and aim to improve them for better effectiveness of the road-pricing project. This report aims, through analyzing the responses of a distributed survey, to evaluate the acceptability of the citizens of Tunis, Tunisia and Damascus, Syria in order to draw a comparison between the two cities. Moreover, it assesses the degree of acceptability and the variable expectations of the implementation of the congestion fees of the two societies.

scholarly journals Is Road Pricing a Sustainable Policy? Jakarta Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04019
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nanang Prayudyanto ◽  
Ofyar Z. Tamin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
City Network

Urban road pricing involves direct charging of drivers for the use of the road network, usually during peak periods. The main objectives for the introduction of a road pricing scheme, in a congested city network, include reduction of delays, environmental improvement and revenue increase. These objectives are closely associated with the concepts of sustainable mobility in urban areas with respect to social equity, economic efficiency, and environmental responsibility. There have been intensive discussions about sustainable transportation in Indonesia. In tune with the issue of climate change and the decline in the ability to provide fuel, this paper is intended to look at the perspective of road pricing from the standpoint of traffic flow, travel speed, emissions reduction, and energy consumption as well as pricing scheme. As pricing will be imposed for the Moslem community, it should conform with Islamic tax income which is for the benefits of poor, needy and less privileged people in the society. The conclusion drawn is that the frenzied application of road pricing will be able to improve traffic in Greater Jakarta but the sustainability of pricing should be adjusted with Islamic tax income.

scholarly journals Exploring Driver’s Response to Variable Road Pricing (VRP) Scheme: An Insight into Policy Implementation in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
Yos Sunitiyoso ◽  
Fikri Hadiansyah ◽  
Shimaditya Nuraeni ◽  
Mila Jamila Khatun Badriyah
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
The Government

In the last few decades, road pricing scheme have been known to hold a central role in actualizing sustainable and integrated transport systems. Road pricing has been implemented in various forms and price structures in many cities in the world. Although the road pricing and price structures were generally designed based on the rational actor approach, some studies provided evidences that, in reality, drivers have bounded rationality. It can be argued that limited cognitive ability of drivers gave significant effect towards their decision. In developing countries like Indonesia, road pricing seems to be an alternative solution for traffic congestion problems. This research aims to explore the cognitive responses of drivers, particularly on their ways of making decision and learning, to complexity and variability of road pricing, and also to give valuable contribution to the government on making policy towards traffic issues. The initial results indicate that policy makers in Indonesia need to consider how drivers behave in response to road pricing scheme before implementing any road pricing policy. Moreover, multiple factors from the point of view of drivers (travel time, safety, comfort, etc.) should be taken into consideration as integral parts of the road pricing scheme design. Keywords:  driver behaviour, experiment, road pricing, road pricing policy

A medium term evaluation of the Ecopass road pricing scheme in Milan: economic, environmental and transport impacts

2012 ◽  
pp. 49-83
Author(s):  
Romeo Danielis ◽  
Lucia Rotaris ◽  
Edoardo Marcucci ◽  
Jérome Massiani
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Fiscal Incentive ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
Number Of Classes

The paper provides an evaluation of the Ecopass road pricing scheme for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. The term Ecopass conveys the stated political objective of the scheme: a PASS to improve the quality of the urban environment (ECO). The scheme has actually improved the air quality in Milan, although the recommended PM10 threshold is still exceeded for a larger number of days than that recommended by EU directives. This paper estimates the costs and benefits of the scheme three years after its implementation using the same methodology applied in Rotaris et al. (2010) for the year 2008. The results indicate that the benefits still exceed the costs, and by an increasing amount, but at an annual decreasing rate of improvement. The Ecopass scheme has proved beneficial, but it seems to have exhausted its potential: little further gains in air quality could be obtained via a fiscal incentive to improve the abatement technology of the vehicles. The new administration, elected in June 2011, was faced with the task of deciding whether to dismiss, maintain or change the Ecopass scheme. The prevailing idea coming from the Ecopass Commission and from the advocacy groups was to extend both the area of application and the number of classes subject to the charge. In November 2011 the new administration decided to substitute Ecopass with Area C, a policy based on a congestion charge which incorporates some environmental elements.

scholarly journals Can Road Toll Convince Car Travelers to Adjust Their Departure Times? Accounting for the Effect of Choice Behavior under Long and Short Holidays

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10470
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Hongzhi Guan ◽  
Yan Han ◽  
Wanying Li
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
The Road ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Departure Time Choice ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
Peak Travel

The adjustment of road toll is an important measure that can alleviate road traffic congestion by convincing car travelers to travel during off-peak times. In order to reduce congestion on the expressway on the first day of a holiday, factors that affect the departure times of holiday travelers must be comprehensively understood to determine the best strategy to persuade car travelers to avoid peak travel times. This paper takes holiday car travelers as the research object and explores the characteristics and rules of departure time choice behavior for different holiday lengths. Based on Utility Maximization Theory, a multinomial logit (MNL) model of departure time choice for a three-day short holiday and a seven-day long holiday was established. Model calibration and elastic analysis were carried out using Revealed Preference/Stated Preference (RP/SP) survey data. Additionally, the influence of the highway toll policy on departure times for long and short holidays was analyzed. The results show that the rate of first-day departures is much higher than that of other departure times for both short and long vacations under the current policy of free holiday passage on highways. Factors such as trip duration, size of the tourist group, the number of visits, travel range, travel time, monthly income, occupation, age and road toll have a significant influence on the departure time decisions of holiday car travelers, and the effect and degree of influence are markedly different for different holiday lengths. The effects of tolls for each departure time and different pricing scenarios on the choice behavior of travelers are different between long and short holidays. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the road toll policy also varies for travelers with different travel distances. This study can provide useful information for the guidance of holiday travelers, the management of holiday tolls on expressways and the formulation of holiday leave time.

scholarly journals Commuter Departure Time Choice Considering Parking Space Shortage and Commuter’s Bounded Rationality

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunqiang Xue ◽  
Huishu Fan ◽  
Hongzhi Guan
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Congestion ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Departure Time Choice ◽  
Severe Punishment

In order to better understand how commuters decide departure time considering parking space shortage and commuters’ bounded rationality, the reference point hypothesis of prospect theory is applied in the departure time decision-making. Commuter personal perception differences, the road congestion situation, destination parking status, and other factors were also analysed in the influence of commuter departure time choice. Based on prospect theory, an experiment was designed to investigate the intention of the commuter departure time choice. The experiment results show that the commuter’s travel satisfaction and the departure time choice of the next trip are related to the parking space residual status after the commuter arrives at the destination. The satisfaction degree of the commuter is reduced, with the decrease of the remaining parking spaces. If the commuter is satisfied with the travel result, the commuter’s departure time of next trip tends to be later. In the case of illegal parking, different penalty measures may lead to different decisions of next departure time choice. A commuter tends to depart earlier when more severe punishment for illegal parking is enforced. The research results can reveal to some degree the travellers’ departure time choice behaviour when they face the risk of no parking spaces and provide a theoretical and practical support for parking management and car travelling decision.

Airport Congestion When Carriers Have Market Power

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan K Brueckner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Road Pricing ◽  
Cournot Oligopoly ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Airport Congestion

This paper analyzes airport congestion when carriers are nonatomistic, showing how the results of the road-pricing literature are modified when the economic agents causing congestion have market power. The analysis shows that when an airport is dominated by a monopolist, congestion is fully internalized, yielding no role for congestion pricing under monopoly conditions. Under a Cournot oligopoly, however, carriers are shown to internalize only the congestion they impose on themselves. A toll that captures the uninternalized portion of congestion may then improve the allocation of traffic. The analysis is supported by some rudimentary empirical evidence.

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