Basic Human Needs versus Economic Growth Approach for Coping with Urban—Rural Imbalances: An Evaluation Based on Relative Welfare

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1129-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Mera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Growth Approach ◽  
Future Growth

Increasing attention is being paid to the ‘basic human needs' approach for reducing imbalances within a developing country, urban—rural imbalances being important among them. However, as investment for meeting basic human needs is not directly productive, the future growth of the economy would have to be sacrificed if this approach is taken. In this paper the development implications of two approaches, the economic growth and the basic human needs approaches, are projected through a simulation model, and they are evaluated relative to each other. It is shown that, even if the evaluation is based on the criterion of the relative position of the rural population to the urban population, low-income countries would be better off with the economic growth approach after about ten years. For middle- and high-income countries, the basic human needs approach deserves serious consideration.

scholarly journals The Role of Population in Economic Growth

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401773609 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wesley F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Population ◽  
Capita Output

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. This article draws on historical data to chart the links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200 years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global economic inequality.

scholarly journals Technological Spillover, Growth Convergence And Technical Progress: Does technology flow from rich to poor economies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Oladele O Aluko ◽  
B. Sabiu Sani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Dynamic Panel Model ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Growth Convergence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

This study examines Technology spillover from rich to poor countries, the study used a model that, at the aggregate level, is similar to the one sector neoclassical growth model. The model was estimated using data on technical progress, Average Product Per-Worker, Capital Stock and Technology Intensive Goods in 25 countries which consist of rich and poor countries over the last decade. A dynamic panel model is formulated and estimated Using Generalized method of moments by Arelano and Bond; and the implications of the estimates were evaluated for aggregate total factor productivity and economic growth. The results reveal that, on average, technology have contributed more to economic growth in high income economies and on the contrary technology have made little or no contribution in low income countries. Consequently, there is substantial variation across technologies and economies

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of burns registered in Fatemi hospital in Ardabil, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Zakeri ◽  
Firouz Amani ◽  
Vahid Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Control

Background: Burns after traffic accidents, falls and interpersonal violence are the fourth most commonly damaged worldwide. Annually more than 11 million people suffered to sever burns that most of them need for interventions and according WHO statistics, yearly more than 300000 people die from fire-related burns and most of them occurred in low income countries. The aim of this study was Epidemiological study of burns registered in Fatemi hospital in Ardabil, 2016.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study has been done on 200 burns registered in burn unit of Fatemi hospital in 2016. Information included age, sex, residence place (urban-rural), marital status, time and area of burn, percent and degree of burn, cause and mechanism of burn, hospitalized time and result of treatment completed by a checklist and analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 19.Results: Of all patients, 118 (59%) were male, 62.5% rural and 50% single. Most of burns occurred in age group less than 10 with 33%. The most common cause of burns was hot liquids with 51.5%. Most of cases had burn in degree 2 (71%) and 53.5% of cases hospitalized five days in hospital. 93.5% of patients improved and discharged.Conclusions: Results showed that most of burns in this study occurred in age group less than 10 year. So, that it is necessary to prevent these events in future by taking the necessary measures and control and prevention by families.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF RENT-SEEKING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220
Author(s):  
Zi Wen Vivien Wong ◽  
Fanyu Chen ◽  
Thian Hee Yiew
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator

Sluggish growth in low-income countries, despite the high performance in other economic indicators, motivates the literature to switch attention to institutions. Despite its crucial economic implications, there is limited attention on rent-seeking as a driver of economic growth in low-income countries. This paper investigates the effect of rent-seeking on growth in low-income countries from 2004 to 2017using the system generalized method of moments estimator. The empirical results reveal that rent-seeking negatively affects growth, implying that it obstructs the pace of economic development in low-income countries. Hence, it is necessary for policymakers in these countries to adopt anti-rent-seeking policies to promote a rapid and sustainable growth.

scholarly journals Predicting Macroeconomic and Macrofinancial Stress in Low-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (289) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Weisfeld ◽  
Irineu de Carvalho Filho ◽  
Fabio Comelli ◽  
Rahul Giri ◽  
Klaus-Peter Hellwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Cross Country

In recent years, Fund staff has prepared cross-country analyses of macroeconomic vulnerabilities in low-income countries, focusing on the risk of sharp declines in economic growth and of debt distress. We discuss routes to broadening this focus by adding several macroeconomic and macrofinancial vulnerability concepts. The associated early warning systems draw on advances in predictive modeling.

Urban-rural linkages could foster growth in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Urban Rural

Significance Planned infrastructure expansion comes amid shifts in Ugandan demographics with economic implications. The urban population is expected to grow to over 20 million people by 2040, while only 15% of new employment opportunities generated in the capital city are in the tradeable sector. Many urban jobs remain part of the informal economy, complicating efforts to raise domestic revenue. Impacts Economic growth will increase consumption through rising middle-class demand. Current urban demand is met through imported, processed commodities, leading to the growth of less-productive, 'consumption' cities. Productivity will depend on infrastructure investment; however, failure to raise domestic revenue could raise the risk of debt distress.

scholarly journals On the determinants of trade openness in low- and lower–middle-income countries in Africa: how important is economic growth?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Boahene Osei ◽  
Yakubu Awudu Sare ◽  
Muazu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe existing literature highlights the determinants of trade openness with disregard to the income classifications of countries in examining whether the determinants differ given their income levels. This study, therefore, re-examines the drivers of trade openness in Africa relying on panel data with special focus on the role of economic growth. More specifically, we perform a comparative analysis of the factors influencing trade openness for low-income and lower–middle-income countries using the system generalized method of moments. Our findings suggest that, while economic growth robustly enhances openness in low-income countries, in the case of lower–middle-income countries, the impact is not robust and largely negative suggesting that higher growth is associated with less openness. We also find that, economic growth–openness nexus for the lower-income countries exhibits non-linearities and inverted U-shaped relationship in particular. Thus, while increases in real GDP per capita enhance openness, beyond an estimated threshold point, any increases in economic growth dampen openness. We discuss key implications for policy.

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