A Dynamic Accounting Model of Intrametropolitan Household Relocation

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1301-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Varaprasad

This paper demonstrates the use of a dynamic accounting framework of the kinetic type for modelling the intrametropolitan relocation of households. Households are classified into five different categories, and each is subject to a transition matrix, the elements of which are functions of the changing availability of housing stock and job supply, and the different preferences for these of the different households categories. A three-zone concentric configuration was used, and the model was calibrated for the South-East standard region with the use of data for 1961, 1966, 1971, and 1976. The model was then run until 1991 with alternative combinations of projections of strategic exogenous variables such as transport costs, job supply, and housing stock availability. Although the model appears oversensitive to the changes in the number of households in each zone and arrives at an equilibrium distribution quickly, it suggests a research strategy to determine the nature of the elements of the transition matrices. The model also illustrates that it is possible to use the dynamic accounting framework of kinetic theory to embody any given hypothesis of movement.

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1366
Author(s):  
Daniel Bump ◽  
Maki Nakasuji

AbstractA problem in representation theory of $p$-adic groups is the computation of the Casselman basis of Iwahori fixed vectors in the spherical principal series representations, which are dual to the intertwining integrals. We shall express the transition matrix $(m_{u,v})$ of the Casselman basis to another natural basis in terms of certain polynomials that are deformations of the Kazhdan–Lusztig R-polynomials. As an application we will obtain certain new functional equations for these transition matrices under the algebraic involution sending the residue cardinality $q$ to $q^{-1}$. We will also obtain a new proof of a surprising result of Nakasuji and Naruse that relates the matrix $(m_{u,v})$ to its inverse.


1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiang Q. Zhao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Attahiru Sule Alfa

In this paper, we consider a certain class of Markov renewal processes where the matrix of the transition kernel governing the Markov renewal process possesses some block-structured property, including repeating rows. Duality conditions and properties are obtained on two probabilistic measures which often play a key role in the analysis and computations of such a block-structured process. The method used here unifies two different concepts of duality. Applications of duality are also provided, including a characteristic theorem concerning recurrence and transience of a transition matrix with repeating rows and a batch arrival queueing model.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Xiao Yi

Conflict evidence combination is an important research topic in evidence theory. In this paper, two kinds of transition matrices are constructed based on the Markov model; one is the unordered transition matrix, which satisfies the commutative law, and the other is the temporal transition matrix, which does not satisfy the commutative law, but it can handle the combination of temporal evidence well. Then, a temporal conflict evidence combination model is proposed based on these two transition matrices. First, the transition probability at the first n time is calculated through the model of unordered transition probability, and then, the transition matrix from the N + 1 time is used to solve the combination problem of temporal conflict evidence. The effectiveness of the transition matrix in the research of conflict evidence combination method is proved by the example analysis.


Author(s):  
P. Kordas

Einstein’s equations with two commuting Killing vectors and the associated Lax pair are considered. The equations for the connection A ( ς , η , γ )= Ψ , γ Ψ −1 , where γ the variable spectral parameter are considered. A transition matrix T = A ( ς , η , γ ) A −1 ( ξ , η , γ ) for A is defined relating A at ingoing and outgoing light cones. It is shown that it satisfies equations familiar from integrable PDE theory. A transition matrix on ς = constant is defined in an analogous manner. These transition matrices allow us to obtain a hierarchy of integrals of motion with respect to time, purely in terms of the trace of a function of the connections g , ς g −1 and g , η g −1 . Furthermore, a hierarchy of integrals of motion in terms of the curvature variable B = A , γ A −1 , involving the commutator [ A (1), A (−1)], is obtained. We interpret the inhomogeneous wave equation that governs σ = lnN , N the lapse, as a Klein–Gordon equation, a dispersion relation relating energy and momentum density, based on the first connection observable and hence this first observable corresponds to mass. The corresponding quantum operators are ∂/∂ t , ∂/∂ z and this means that the full Poincare group is at our disposal.


1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Tweedie

The problem considered is that of estimating the limit probability distribution (equilibrium distribution) πof a denumerable continuous time Markov process using only the matrix Q of derivatives of transition functions at the origin. We utilise relationships between the limit vector πand invariant measures for the jump-chain of the process (whose transition matrix we write P∗), and apply truncation theorems from Tweedie (1971) to P∗. When Q is regular, we derive algorithms for estimating πfrom truncations of Q; these extend results in Tweedie (1971), Section 4, from q-bounded processes to arbitrary regular processes. Finally, we show that this method can be extended even to non-regular chains of a certain type.


2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
Lee Cronin-Fine ◽  
André E Punt

Abstract Stock assessment methods for many invertebrate stocks, including crab stocks in the Bering Sea of Alaska, rely on size-structured population dynamics models. A key component of these models is the size-transition matrix, which specifies the probability of growing from one size-class to another after a certain period of time. Size-transition matrices can be defined using three parameters, the growth rate (k), asymptotic size (L∞), and variability in the size increment. Most assessments use mark-recapture data to estimate these parameters and assume that all individuals follow the same growth curve, but this can lead to biased estimates of growth parameters. We compared three approaches: the traditional approach, the platoon method, and a numerical integration method that allows k, L∞, or both to vary among individuals, under a variety of scenarios using simulated data based on golden king crabs (Lithodes aequispinus) in the Aleutian Islands region of Alaska. No estimation method performed best for all scenarios. The number of size-classes in the size-transition matrix and how the data are generated heavily dictate performance. However, we recommend the numerical integration method that allows L∞ to vary among individuals and smaller size-class widths.


1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Lee

Land-use succession theory has been the most thinly developed area in the study of urban land economics. In this paper a brief review of the spotty development of the land-use succession concept is first offered, followed by a discussion of the economic arguments of commercial land-use succession and related problems in succession studies. Then, as an empirical analysis, commercial land use in downtown Denver from 1947 to 1971 is studied. Characteristics of succession are revealed first, by the description of succession by both first- and second-order probability transition matrices; and second, by an examination of the stability of succession via two different approaches. Not unexpectedly, one of the major characteristics found in the study area is the nonstationary process of land-use succession, cautioning against the danger of employing a transition matrix estimated from one time period to predict future land use.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Goolsby ◽  
Mahmoud Moradi

Markov State Models (MSM) and related techniques have gained significant traction as a tool for analyzing and guiding molecular dynamics (MD) simulations due to their ability to extract structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic information on proteins using computationally feasible MD simulations. The MSM analysis often relies on spectral decomposition of empirically generated transition matrices. Here, we discuss an alternative approach for extracting the thermodynamic and kinetic information from the so-called rate/generator matrix rather than the transition matrix. Although the rate matrix is itself built from the empirical transition matrix, it provides an alternative approach for estimating both thermodynamic and kinetic quantities, particularly in diffusive processes. We particularly discuss a fundamental issue with this approach, known as the embeddability problem and offer ways to address this issue. We describe six different methods to overcome the embeddability problem. We use a one-dimensional toy model to show the workings of these methods and discuss the robustness of each method in terms of its dependence in lag time and trajectory length.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Plácido Lizancos

Introducción: Galicia es uno de los territorios del Estado Español que ha presentando tradicionalmente una de sus mayores tasas migratorias.Conseguir levantar una casa propia, moderna y funcional, que ofreciera unas condiciones de habitabilidad mejores a las de la vivienda tradicional ha sido uno de los motivos que han provocado las migraciones que en el último siglo se han registrado en Galicia, por lo que el proyecto arquitectónico suele formar parte del propio proyecto migratorio de las familias.Como no podía ser de otra manera, la casa que levantan las gentes emigradas presenta unas características que la diferencian de las de los otros ciudadanos. Siendo la ruptura respecto a la vivienda tradicional la característica que aparentemente la hace diferente, esto ha impactado en la opinión pública y en la profesional. En este artículo se recogen los resultados de una investigación que analiza el proceso de creación de la casa del emigrado, identificando de entre las partes de ese proceso aquellas que ocasionan el referido impacto y proponiendo maneras de gestionarlo.Método: el proyecto de investigación se ha planteado como una búsqueda estrictamente arquitectónica, sustentado en un sistemático trabajo de campo en el que se localizan y estudian in situ las referidas edificaciones. El abordaje del estudio de la casa contemporánea del emigrante es la primera vez -hasta donde llega nuestro conocimiento- que se realiza en Galicia aun siendo una materia a la que ya se han aproximado antropólogos, sociólogos y economistas que han dejado constancia de sus investigaciones en una amplísima bibliografía.Nuestro trabajo comprende el levantamiento gráfico de los edificios y la entrevista a sus usuarios. Con los materiales obtenidos se reproducen “en laboratorio” para su análisis las circunstancias de cada caso de estudio que es completado con la lectura atenta de la bibliografía existente.El ámbito territorial de nuestro trabajo se circunscribe a Galicia, si bien se ha reconocido que los emigrantes en general han levantado construcciones que le son propias en muchos otros lugares del mundo. El ámbito territorial definido presenta rasgos culturales, económicos y políticos homogéneos.  Resultados: Se ha conseguido entender el proceso que siguen las personas emigradas para alzar su casa, identificándose este con la autogestión. Se trata de un proceso no formal, ideado por las propias personas emigradas ya que les resulta adecuado pues les permite mantener el control de la obra aun viviendo a caballo entre dos países y eludir el crédito hipotecario comercial al que no podrían acceder debido a su destierro. Esto nos ha permitido entender uno de los aspectos físicos de la casa del emigrado que más impacto causa: su proceso de ejecución dilatado en el tiempo, detenido muchas veces en pasos intermedios, aparentando abandono.Discusión o Conclusión: Una vez identificado el proceso por el que se construye esta tipología se indaga en la forma en que éste es interpretado por las personas ajenas al asunto de la casa del emigrante.Como resultado final se proponen directrices que podrían ser incorporadas a las políticas públicas a los efectos de empoderar a los migrantes cuando alzan con sus propias manos y sus recursos la casa soñada y a la opinión pública en la gestión del vasto parque inmobiliario alzado por los emigrantes. Introduction: Galicia is one of the Spanish territories showing larger migratory taxes. Building your own house, modern and functional, provided with much better habitat conditions than the traditional house has been one of the reasons that fuelled this past century the Galician migratory movements. Therefore, a migratory project usually comes together with an architectonic one.The house that has been built by migrated people enjoys characteristics different from other people’s houses and from vernacular ones. All this stuff has shocked public and professional opinion.On this paper, we collect the outcomes of a research that analyses the emigrant’s house creation process. We identify within that process the dimensions that are responsible of such an impact and we propose how to manage it.Method: Research strategy has been based on an all-country field survey, looking for case studies. This is the very first time –as far as we know- that this house has been studied from the architectonic point of view although it has been on the sociologist, anthropologist and economist researchers that have produced diverse outcomes.We sketch up many buildings and interviewed users. With all this stuff, we reproduced a model “at the laboratory” to analyse the circumstances behind the buildings.The area of study is Galicia; even though we know migrants that have already built characteristic houses all over the world. The area we studied shows a cultural, economic and social homogeneous shape.Results: We have been able to identify and understand the process of self-management used by Galician migrants to implement their homes. It was an unformal process, designed by migrated people on their own as it suited to them and allowed them to build a house when living among two different countries and to escape from a commercial mortgage, stuff they couldn’t afford because of living away from their motherland. This has addressed us to understand why construction procedure delays for a very long time, even offering the idea that worksite has been left unfinished.Discussion or Conclusion: Once we identified the process followed to build this home, we look for the way it is understood by people out of the migratory world.As an outcome, we propose guidelines to be included on public policies to empower migrants when building a personal home by their own and to help public opinion on the management of the huge housing stock that was once built by migrants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Agata Surówka

SummarySubject and purpose of work: The article presents the results of research into the dynamics of changes in income distribution as measured by means of GDP per capita for the regions Bulgaria and Slovakia using quantitative methods.Materials and methods: The transition matrix was used as a research tool. As some authors note, since most of the research is limited to the assessment and analysis of global trends, this does not allow to distinguish the situation in which regions maintain their relative position from the situations in which the general distribution of income changes slightly while the location of some regions changes significantly. In this case, individual regions may differ considerably in their rate of development even in the periods when no convergence was observed.Results: The approach adopted in this study made it possible to verify the degree of diversification of the economic strength of the regions examined and conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamics of changes in the transition matrices.Conclusions: It was concluded that the regions of Slovakia and Bulgaria are developing at the same pace. Income stability can be observed. It is justifiable to look for and workout modern tools that will enable tracking changes in regional development.


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