Space and Identity in Martinique: Towards a New Reading of the Spatial History of the Peasantry

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chivallon

Unlike research in the Anglophone West Indies, research in the French West Indies has only very recently developed the idea of the existence of a peasant social group in the plantation societies of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The fragility and instability of the collective identity in the French West Indies has served as a principal argument to support the view that the group is not a peasantry but a mere by-product of the plantation system. The idea of the absence of a real process of taking control of space or of a sort of intimate history with space occurs in some writings to explain this weakness of collective sense. Far from refuting the argument which firmly links the identity question to that of space, I shall reinforce it but in order to show that, on the contrary, there arc good grounds for affirming the existence, in the case of the peasant group in Martinique, of an original social experience in which space is strongly mobilised. In doing this, my intention is also to add weight to a theoretical point of view which shows the strength of the ties between space and identity, given that the peasant world in Martinique provides a paradigmatic example of the undeniable power of these ties.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Dyson

Trial schematics are ubiquitous within psychology journals articles and have the potential to inform how we think about time in space from a non-linguistic point of view. Graphical representations of trial schematics were used to compare the spatial representations of time used by the scientific community with the dominant spatial stereotypes for temporal events reported by the scientific community. From 294 observations, approximately 81% of trial schematics contained left-to-right and / or top-to-bottom representations of first-to-last events, consistent with the dominant Western spatial expressions of time. An initially counter-intuitive left-to-right but bottom-to-top spatial stereotype used in approximately 18% of schematics is discussed with respect to its potential perceptual origins. The complications that arise from the use of multiple spatial axes in the representation of time are highlighted and given the tendency for trial schematics to be informationally poor, alternative routes for the supply of thorough experimental detail are suggested.


Author(s):  
Roberto Luquín Guerra

Apart from his political and educational work, and from his controversial autobiography, José Vasconcelos is known for his Ibero-Americanist thought. The Cosmic Race, Indology and Bolivarism and Monroeism gather all the ideas that are attributed to his theoretical point of view. His philosophy is what we know less of and what is most criticized. Nonetheless, is there a connection between his philosophical thought and his Ibero-Americanist ideas? Abelardo Villegas says that Vasconcelos’s philosophy is the product of a racial and cultural message. Therefore, according to Villegas, his philosophy is subordinated to his Ibero-Americanist ideas. Patrick Romanell, on the other hand, states that the Ibero-Americanist ideas make up the popular and illusory side and, hence, must be separated from the philosophical thought. The aim of this paper is to elucidate this problem. In order to clarify it, we will follow Villegas viewpoint to the bitter end. His reasoning invites us to look closely at the history of Ibero-American thought as well as at Vasconcelos’s first works. Precisely by analyzing these two aspects and the point where they meet, we might be able to find an answer.


2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-418
Author(s):  
Andreas Suter

My study of the Swiss Peasants' War of 1653 has received four reviews in the United States. I am grateful to Hermann Rebel for supplying another, most unusual review to Central European History. It is unusual not only in length but also in judgment. Where the other reviews wrote positively about the book, Rebel rejects it completely.If I read Rebel correctly, his criticism covers four main points. First, he criticizes the book's theoretical point of view, alleging that the call for a “return to historical events in social history” means a return to “histoire événementielle” and would lead to “high antiquarianism.” Second, Rebel criticizes my methodological inferences from this theoretical point: systematic attention to the cultural dimension of human action; the expansion of social history's traditional methods of analysis and perspectives on time (longue durée, temps sociale) to include cultural and anthropological insights (from, i.e., Victor Turner, Mary Douglas, and Clifford Geertz); and the introduction of a “slow-motion” perspective.


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Rafał Smoczyński ◽  
Tomasz Zarycki

After World War II, Polish nobility was commonly considered an obsolete social group because of the post-1945 confiscation of their properties and the decline of their legal and political privileges. From a formal point of view, the Polish nobility had ceased to exist. However, this group did not simply vanish. For this reason, we should not speak of the disintegration of the former noble milieu but rather its reorganization. To expand deliberation on these “reorganization strategies” with the use of appropriate sociological tools, this article analyzes major social actors in contemporary Poland who use their noble legacies in their collective identity-building practices.


Author(s):  
Chiara Gianollo

This chapter is a study of Latin indefinites in direct-negation contexts. These indefinites are interesting from a theoretical point of view because of their extreme dependence on the surrounding structural conditions, and because of the variety of their instantiations in different linguistic systems. Two phenomena of Latin grammar with wide-ranging implications for the development of Romance indefinites are discussed: the syntax of negation and the diachronic pathways followed by indefinites interacting with it. Latin is a Double Negation language, whereas Early Romance exhibits Negative Concord. The study proposes that this typological shift is linked to another major change from Latin to Romance, namely the change from OV to VO. Late Latin is analyzed as a ‘concealed’ nonstrict Negative Concord language, in which restrictions in the use of the ‘old’ negative indefinites emerge, as well as new patterns with (new) negative-polarity items.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Alexandra Padilha Bueno

O presente artigo é parte de estudos realizados no campo da História da Educação, com ênfase na história intelectual, e das mulheres que se propuseram a analisar a trajetória de Mariana Coelho (1874-1954), intelectual, feminista e educadora portuguesa que chegou ao Paraná em 1893. Ela morou em Curitiba e, nessa capital, manteve-se atuante até1940. Nesse período, além de colaborar em diversos periódicos da imprensa local, produziu e publicou seis livros. Como recorte para este artigo, optou-se por analisar a coluna mensal Chronica da Moda, publicada por Coelho no jornal curitibano Diário da Tarde. Embora a coluna tratasse de assuntos considerados femininos – naquele contexto – Mariana Coelho utilizou o espaço que lhe foi concedido para debater o feminismo, os direitos da mulher, sua condição diante da profissionalização e presença na cena pública, bem como a relevância de sua educação para ocupação desse novo espaço social. Como fontes, privilegiou-se, para uso neste artigo, as colunas que foram publicadas em 1901, visto que, nelas Coelho defendia publicamente o voto feminino e o feminismo, o que lhe colocou em um embate público com outros intelectuais paranaenses do período. Do ponto de vista teórico, o artigo aborda o conceito de intelectual de Carlos Eduardo Vieira, os conceitos de trajetória, campo e capital de Pierre Bourdieu e redes de sociabilidade de Jean-François Sirinelli.* * *This article is part of studies conducted in the field of the History of Education with focus on intellectual history and women’s history that proposed the analysis of Mariana Coelho (1874-1954), intellectual, feminist and Portuguese educator’s trajectory, who arrived in the state of Paraná in 1893. Coelho lived in Curitiba, and stayed active until the 1940s. In that period, in addition to her collaboration in many local press’s journals, Coelho produced and published six books. As passage for this article, it was decided to analyze the biweekly column Chronica da Moda, published by Coelho in the Curitiba’s newspaper Diário da Tarde. While the column addressed subjects considered feminists – in that context – Mariana Coelho used the space given to her to discuss feminism, women’s rights, women’s conditions in the face of professionalization and public presence, as well as the relevance of women’s education to occupy this new social environment. Columns published in 1901 were used as references for this article, since, in those Coelho publically defended women’s rights to vote and feminism, which placed her in a public debate with other intellectuals of the time. From a theoretical point of view, this article approaches Carlos Eduardo Vieira’s intellectual concept, Pierre Bourdieu’s trajectory, field and capital concepts, and Jean-François Sirinelli‘s sociability network.


Author(s):  
Fabienne Viala

This essay examines the nature, scope and consequences of the seism of memory since its eruption in 2000 in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. In particular, it questions how the context of a multifaceted appetite for collective remembrance took the form of competing strategies for memorialization in the space. As such, it focuses on the heritage of pain, resistance and pride at the local, national and regional levels. I draw on Shalini Puri’s analysis of the repressed memory of the 1983 Grenada revolution in Operation Urgent Memory to identify in the landscape of Guadeloupe submerged, residual and eruptive ‘platforms of memory’ (Puri, 2012). In the specific case of Guadeloupe, the collective efforts of the Guadeloupean people for re-appropriating their non-French and non-European heritage on the island have turned into competitive post-traumatic approaches of the history of transatlantic slave trade. This essay eventually analyses the case of the Mémorial ACTe (MACTe) – Museum of Contemporary Caribbean Art and Memorial for the History of the Slave Trade – as constituting the most successful expression of what I define as cultural marronage, in the ambivalent postcolonial environment of the French Overseas Regions.


2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Sanfilippo ◽  
Andrea Valle

The use of feedback-based systems in the music domain dates back to the 1960s. Their applications span from music composition and sound organization to audio synthesis and processing, as the interest in feedback resulted both from theoretical reflection on cybernetics and system theory, and from practical experimentation on analog circuits. The advent of computers has made possible the implementation of complex theoretical systems in audio-domain oriented applications, in some sense bridging the gap between theory and practice in the analog domain, and further increasing the range of audio and musical applications of feedback systems. In this article we first sketch a minimal history of feedback in music; second, we briefly introduce feedback systems from a theoretical point of view; then we propose a set of features that characterize them from the perspective of music applications; finally, we propose a typology targeted at feedback systems used in the audio/musical domain and discuss some relevant examples.


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