Rare or Threatened Australian Plants

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Briggs ◽  
JH Leigh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Conservation Council

The Rare or Threatened Australian Plants (ROTAP) list and associated coding system was developed and has been maintained by CSIRO since 1979, and lists taxa that are Presumed Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare or Poorly Known at the national level. This edition provides the most up-to-date list for conservation purposes. A significant number of endangered and Vulnerable taxa are included, which have not yet been considered for inclusion on either the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council list or the Commonwealth's Schedule 1. This is the first ROTAP publication to include subspecies and varieties, and the list now includes 5031 taxa. There have also been at least 3270 amendments to data for listed taxa. A total of 2012 additional records of regional data for tax already listed has been included. A key factor in the development of public opinion, and the design of effective management schemes, lies in the production of accurate data to tell the story. What is threatened? Where is it found? These are two of the most fundamental questions to answer before any strategic plans can be drawn up. Obtaining such apparently simple statistics is a huge task. Rare or Threatened Australian Plants is therefore an important reference for the national status of threatened species, particularly for Rare and Poorly Known species.

Applicability of management guidelines for surfing resources in California

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Edward Atkin ◽  
Dan Reineman ◽  
Jesse Reiblich ◽  
David Revell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Surf breaks are finite, valuable, and vulnerable natural resources, that not only influence community and cultural identities, but are a source of revenue and provide a range of health benefits. Despite these values, surf breaks largely lack recognition as coastal resources and therefore the associated management measures required to maintain them. Some countries, especially those endowed with high-quality surf breaks and where the sport of surfing is accepted as mainstream, have recognized the value of surfing resources and have specific policies for their conservation. In Aotearoa New Zealand surf breaks are included within national environmental policy. Aotearoa New Zealand has recently produced Management Guidelines for Surfing Resources (MGSR), which were developed in conjunction with universities, regional authorities, not-for-profit entities, and government agencies. The MGSR provide recommendations for both consenting authorities and those wishing to undertake activities in the coastal marine area, as well as tools and techniques to aid in the management of surfing resources. While the MGSR are firmly aligned with Aotearoa New Zealand’s cultural and legal frameworks, much of their content is applicable to surf breaks worldwide. In the United States, there are several national-level and state-level statutes that are generally relevant to various aspects of surfing resources, but there is no law or policy that directly addresses them. This paper describes the MGSR, considers California’s existing governance frameworks, and examines the potential benefits of adapting and expanding the MGSR in this state.

scholarly journals The Cross Roads of Heritage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philippa Dalgety
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Town

<p>This research explores an approach for adaptive reuse to enhance livability and greater connection to place within provincial towns of New Zealand. There are existing buildings which are often left in disrepair or considered too expensive to refurbish or strengthen. They are often demolished with little consideration to the building’s significance, therefore adaptive reuse has become a missed opportunity in New Zealand.  Many of our provincial cities have uninhabited large-scale buildings, which need upgrading due to being outdated and no longer fit for purpose. Seismic upgrading is a key factor in why these buildings are left uninhabited. One of the urban areas which this is prevalent is Whanganui. Whanganui has the opportunity to blend the old and the new built form to create a revitalized and timeless street appearance.   The regeneration of Whanganui can be achieved through adaptive reuse to enhance the crafted beauty of the town through its architecture. The revitalization of Whanganui can give guidance to other provincial cities in New Zealand while enhancing the quality of life within the town.  An in-depth analysis of the history of Whanganui, will allow for heritage significance to play a major role in the redesign. This design will be developed at three different scales to demonstrate how the built form can enhance connection to place and livability. These scales are at an urban, a built and a detailed scale.   The main cross roads linking the city of Whanganui to its river is surrounded by character and historical buildings. It will be used as a key area illustrating Whanganui’s past to better inform the future.</p>

scholarly journals NATIONAL NORMATIVE-LEGAL ACTIONS OF ANTI-BIOTERRORISM UNDER THE PRIZE OF INTERACTION WITH INTERNATIONAL LAW PROVISIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
M. Yu Kravchuk
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
State Control ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
Global Initiative ◽  
Micro Organisms

The article analyzes the international legal acts on issues of counteraction to bioterrorism. It has been established that Ukraine is implementing effective cooperation on issues of mutual interest with bioterrorism both at the universal and regional levels (with NATO, CIS, EU), as well as at the bilateral level. The role of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxic Weapons and on their Destruction (CBTZ), Ukraine as a full member is determined. To strengthen the provisions of the Convention at the national level, a number of laws and regulations have been adopted, the purpose of which is to exclude the possibility of conducting activities in violation of the requirements of the OSCE. In general, the legal basis for combating bioterrorism is the Law of Ukraine dated March 20, 2003 “On the Fight against Terrorism”; the basis of the national system of “export control” are the laws of Ukraine “On Foreign Economic Activity” of 17.05.1991, “On State Control over International Transfers of Military and Dual-Use Goods” of 20.02.2003, the KPiminal Code of Ukraine of 05.04.2001, in the articles of which (art .439, art. 440) provides for liability for activities contrary to the Constitution. Information is given about activities of medical, scientific, specialized and production institutions in Ukraine that have micro-organisms banks or work with products of their vital activities, and are included in the scope of the CBT. Also in Ukraine, the inter-governmental intergovernmental organization Ukrainian Science and Technology Center was established in Ukraine. The emphasis is on Ukraine’s accession to the Global Health Security Agenda, the global initiative of the Centers for Disease Control (USA), which began in February 2014, to build a safe world protected from the dangers of infectious diseases. Appropriate conclusions were drawn about the priority task of Ukraine in developing a legislative position on the development of a package of legal acts in the field of combating bioterrorism, adopting recommendations for the implementation of the provisions of the Convention (CBTZ) and implementing other, no less important, strategic plans

Corporal Punishment: Law Reform Lessons for Australia from South Africa and New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia-Ann Greeff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
In Loco Parentis ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Impact

This article compares the law reform methods employed by South Africa and New Zealand to eliminate the defence of ‘moderate and reasonable chastisement’ to a charge of common assault, to determine the best possible law reform strategy for Australian jurisdictions, within the context of its federal system of governance. South Africa and New Zealand banned corporal punishment on a national level, with South Africa prohibiting the use of corporal punishment by way of the judicial condemnation of the Constitutional Court in 2019, and New Zealand’s legislation to ban corporal punishment through Parliamentary processes in 2007. Corporal punishment in the home is still legal in Australia if administered by parents or those in loco parentis. This article focuses on the three Australian States that have enacted human rights legislation—Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Queensland—and the impact of this legislation on judicial law reform. In this regard, the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty is discussed in terms of its ability to limit public interest litigation’s viability to strike down inconsistent legislation. The article suggests that all three countries can learn from one another concerning the successes and/or failures of law reform. Furthermore, the article concludes by acknowledging that even though formal abolition is the norm in South Africa and New Zealand, corporal punishment remains widespread. Parents and those in loco parentis must be supported by continual education initiatives to bring about requisite social and cultural change.

Digitisation of Indigenous Cultural Objects: An Investigation into the Policy and Protocols for Digitised Indigenous Knowledge in selected Cultural Heritage Organisations in Australia and New Zealand.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kirsten Donna Francis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Finding ◽  
Digital Collection

<p>This research project investigates the digital collections from selected heritage organisations, exploring how/if the rights of indigenous peoples are being protected by policy and protocol documents on the World Wide Web. It purposively surveys selected heritage collections across Australia and New Zealand and explores digital collection policies at local and national level, investigating the extent of international pressure, socio-cultural influences, and legislative constraints. This research project uses qualitative methodology in an interpretive way, using the hermeneutic circle and method for the collation for data and analysis. The major theoretical finding of this research project is that many cultural heritage organisations attempt to bridge the gap between Anglo-American development of legislation and indigenous intellectual property rights by the inclusion of specific policy measures becoming in effect socio-cultural agents for change</p>

Chronic Mental Illnesses and Homelessness

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Prerna Kukreti ◽  
Prerna Khanna ◽  
Amit Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Design Models

Homelessness is a complex socio-economic problem complicated by individual attributes and risk factors. The burning issue of homelessness has been a subject of concern in the modern day world often stretching the existing administrative system to innovate and design models for managing the same. With the changing definitions of homelessness, the estimates have also varied across cultures and countries. Because of the inherent difficulty in studying homelessness, accurate estimates of the number of homeless are lacking. Most studies in the West report that approximately 288 per 10,000 people are homeless. With the accurate data on homelessness lacking, the estimates of mental illness amongst homeless is even more obscure. The prevalence of mental illness amongst homeless is higher than that compared to the general population. Researchers have theorized various stressors related to homelessness as precipitating factors of mental illness. There is dearth of literature on mental illness in homeless population which is representative of the homeless population at a national level.

scholarly journals The inequity of morbidity: Disparities in the prevalence of morbidity between ethnic groups in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2097116
Author(s):  
Jason Gurney ◽  
James Stanley ◽  
Diana Sarfati
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of morbidity among all New Zealanders aged 18+ (n = 3,296,837), stratified by ethnic group (Māori, Pacific, Asian, Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, European/Other), using national-level hospitalisation and pharmaceutical data and two measures of morbidity (the M3 and P3 indices). Results and Conclusions: We observed substantial disparities for Māori and Pacific peoples compared to other ethnic groups for the vast majority of commonly-diagnosed morbidities. These disparities appeared strongest for the most-common conditions – meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples disproportionately shoulder an increased burden of these key conditions. We also observed that prevalence of these conditions emerged at earlier ages, meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples also experience a disproportionate impact of individual conditions on the quality and quantity of life. Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. The substantial inequities we have presented here have been created and perpetuated by the social determinants of health, including institutionalised racism: thus solutions will require addressing these systemic issues as well as addressing inequities in individual-level care.

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