Gamma irradiation of dried plant material: implications for the identification of plant pathogens employing molecular techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Jones ◽  
K. R. E. Grice ◽  
R. I. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Techniques

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation of Soil-Dwelling Bacillus thuringiensis using Transcriptional Regulator, XRE Gene and the Crystal Protein, cry2 gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
E.O Akinyelure ◽  
◽  
D.A. Machido ◽  
H. I. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Crystal Protein ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sporulation Phase

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the organism that is used most frequently in biological pest management, which is distinguished by the capacity to possess crystalline inclusions throughout the sporulation phase. There is an increasing need to use biological control in controlling plant pathogens due to the inherent advantages. However, the detection of Bt has become more time consuming and cumbersome due to the numerous available crystal genes. The goal of the study was to isolate strains of Bacillus thuringiensis from the soil, characterise the isolates using the transcriptional regulator, XRE gene and the crystal proteins cry2gene and compare the efficiency of these two biomarkers in identifying Bt species. Five different Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from soil samples in Zaria, Nigeria. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the existence of the cry2 and XRE genes. Four (80%) of the five isolates harboured the XRE genes, while none (0%) harboured the cry2 genes. This observation is a likely indication that the XRE gene is a reliable biomarker in the identification of Bt isolates from environmental samples. In order to ensure speed and reproducibility in the detection of Bt from environmental samples, molecular techniques targeting the XREgene are recommended. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; transcriptional regulator, XRE; crystal protein, cry2

scholarly journals Molecular diagnostics of bacterial and fungal plant diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Sidarenka ◽  
H. A. Bareika ◽  
L. N. Valentovich ◽  
D. S. Paturemski ◽  
V. N. Kuptsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pcr Conditions ◽  
Soil And Water

Taxon-specific primers were developed and PCR conditions were optimized for diagnostics of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Methods for phytopathogens DNA isolation from plant material, soil and water were selected.

A taxonomic and phylogenetic re-appraisal of the genus Curvularia (Pleosporaceae): human and plant pathogens

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIMUTHU SANDARENU MANAMGODA ◽  
AMY Y. ROSSMAN ◽  
LISA A. CASTLEBURY ◽  
EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE ◽  
KEVIN HYDE
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Host ◽  
Associated Species

Curvularia is an important genus whose species are widely distributed phytopathogens as well as opportunistic pathogens on human and animals. The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of the species in the genus Curvularia using ITS (nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer), GPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and TEF (translation elongation factor) gene regions and to provide modern descriptions and illustrations of Curvularia australis, Curvularia buchloës, C. cymbopogonis, C. hawaiiensis, C. neoindica, C. neergaardii, C. nicotiae, C. nodulosa, C. ryleyi, and C. subpapendorfii which lack recent descriptions with details of host and distribution. A multi-gene phylogenetic tree based on ITS, GPDH and TEF gene regions is used to define species of a fresh collections obtained from various hosts and geographic locations in the world. Both human and plant associated species of Curvularia are included in the phylogenetic analysis. Some species that have previously been described from humans are herein reported from plant material as pathogens or saprobes and vice versa. Novel host associations are reported for C. asianensis, C. borreriae, C. hominis, C. muehlenbeckiae, C. trifolii and C. verruculosa.

Using molecular techniques applied to beneficial microorganisms as biotechnological tools for controlling agricultural plant pathogens and pest

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani ◽  
María Eugenia López-Arellano ◽  
Olga Gómez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms

Organic Amendments for Pathogen and Nematode Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Rosskopf ◽  
Francesco Di Gioia ◽  
Jason C. Hong ◽  
Cristina Pisani ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The loss of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant and minimal advances in the development and registration of new chemical fumigants has resulted in a resurgence of interest in the application of organic amendments (OAs) for soilborne plant pathogen and plant-parasitic nematode management. Significant progress has been made in the characterization of OAs, application of strategies for their use, and elucidation of mechanisms by which they suppress soilborne pests. Nonetheless, their utility is limited by the variability of disease control, expense, and the logistics of introducing them into crop production systems. Recent advances in molecular techniques have led to significant progress in the elucidation of the role of bacteria and fungi and their metabolic products on disease suppression with the addition of OAs. Biosolarization and anaerobic soil disinfestation, developed to manipulate systems and favor beneficial microorganisms to maximize their impact on plant pathogens, are built on a strong historical research foundation in OAs and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of disease-suppressive soils. This review focuses on recent applications of OAs and their potential for the management of soilborne plant pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes, with emphasis primarily on annual fruit and vegetable production systems.

scholarly journals A survey of subtropical nursery plants for fungal diseases in Northland

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Braithwaite ◽  
C.F. Hill ◽  
S. Ganev ◽  
J.M. Pay ◽  
H.G. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
New Host ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time

During 2003 and 2004 fortyfive randomly selected wholesale and retail plant nurseries were surveyed for plant diseases The plant families Agavaceae Annonaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Cycadaceae and Musaceae were targeted Plants were examined in situ for disease symptoms as well as samples being collected for laboratory analyses Fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and where necessary with molecular techniques The survey resulted in a range of fungi being identified from the target plants These fungi ranged from saprophytes to plant pathogens some of which may have undesirable effects on New Zealands biodiversity or economy Many new host/pathogen records were observed and several fungi were detected for the first time in New Zealand This paper presents and discusses the results of these findings

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Three Comercial Cultivars and a New Pollinator in Kiwifruit

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Prado ◽  
S. Romo ◽  
M. Novo ◽  
M. Rey ◽  
M.T. Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Technical Features

We investigated the characterization of genotypes of Actinidia deliciosa (Chev.) Liang and Ferguson var. deliciosa by using isozymatic and molecular techniques [randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP), standard AFLP, and modified AFLP]. Four genotypes were tested, the female cultivar `Hayward', the traditional New Zealand pollinizers `Matua' and `Tomuri', and a new pollinizer named clone A selected in a breeding program in Spain. PGI and PGM were the only isozymes that allowed us to distinguish the kiwifruit genotypes, although the accessions of `Matua' presented two different banding patterns for both isozymes. All three molecular markers differentiated between the genotypes of kiwifruit tested, although RAPD markers did not allow us to establish differences between accessions of `Matua', while both standard and modified AFLP did. These results, along with those of isozymes, support the hypothesis that the male kiwifruit genotypes present in Europe belong to different clones. None of the markers used showed differences between accessions of `Hayward', which would suggest that it is a uniform cultivar. On the other hand, clone A was a seedling derived from `Hayward' and an unknown pollinizer. The results obtained using AFLP markers strongly suggest that `Tomuri' may have been the male parent of clone A. A specific protocol for kiwifruit characterization based on a modified AFLP technique is also presented, that gave rise to the highest percentage of polymorphism while scoring the lowest number of bands. This, together with the technical features of modified AFLP markers, make them very useful for identifying propagated kiwifruit plant material in commercial nurseries.

Fungal plant pathogens and soil biodiversity

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Reeleder
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

The role of biodiversity as it affects the control of soil-borne fungal pathogens is discussed. Soil-borne fungal plant pathogens have often proven difficult to manage with conventional methods of disease control. Nonetheless, researchers have characterized several naturally occurring “disease-suppressive” soils where crop loss from disease is less than would otherwise be expected. Suppressive soils can also result from the incorporation of various amendments into soil. In most cases, disease control in such soils has been shown to be biological in nature; that is, soil organisms appear to directly or indirectly inhibit the development of disease. Increased knowledge of the identity and functioning of these organisms may support the development of techniques that can be used to develop suppressiveness in soils that are otherwise disease-conducive. Populations of pathogens themselves have been shown to exhibit considerable genetic diversity; the ability of populations to respond to disease control measures should be considered when developing a management strategy. New molecular techniques can be exploited to better characterize soil communities, including the pathogens themselves, as well as community responses to various disease control options. The contributions of Canadian researchers to these areas are discussed and models for further study are proposed. Key words: Biocontrol, molecular technologies, functional diversity, integrated pest management

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