Growth Analysis of Isoline‐Recurrent Parent Grain Yield Differences in Oats 1

Crop Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Brinkman ◽  
K. J. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Parent

scholarly journals Differential Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Genotypes to Native Rhizobia in Tarai Region of Uttarakhand, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-337
Author(s):  
Sonam BINJOLA ◽  
Narendra KUMAR ◽  
Gaurav MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Native Soil

Cowpea is an annual legume, rich in protein, which plays a critical role in the lives of millions of people in developing countries. Limited work has been done, especially on the symbiotic efficiency of cowpea against the native soil rhizobia. Therefore, our study was conducted to compare the effect of native rhizobia on nodulation, yield and protein content of eight cultivars and two control varieties in Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India. significant differences were observed among the cultivars tested in all the measured traits. Results of growth analysis indicated that ‘PGCP-4’ gave the highest number of nodules plant-1, nodule dry weight and protein content in grain, compared to both control varieties. Highest plant dry weight was recorded in ‘Pusa Komal’, while the highest grain yield was achieved in ‘PGCP-6’, followed by ‘PGCP-12’. This study hereby recommends ‘PGCP-6’ and ‘PGCP-12’ cultivars, as they are more suitable in terms of yield against the rhizobia.

Field evaluation of early vigour for genetic improvement of grain yield in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Botwright ◽  
A. G. Condon ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
R. A. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Early Vigour

Improved early vigour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been proposed as an important trait for increasing grain yield through greater water-use efficiency in rainfed, Mediterranean-type environments. Three years of field trials were undertaken in Western Australia at 2 sites, Merredin (low rainfall, 244 mm in the growing season) and Wongan Hills (medium rainfall, 308 mm), to examine the influence of increased early vigour on crop growth and yield. The effect of breeding for greater early vigour was tested in 1998 and 1999 using 3 high vigour and 3 low vigour BC2:F5 lines of the cultivar Amery backcrossed to a 'high vigour' donor. Averaged across environments, the high vigour backcross lines had a 10% increase in early vigour (i.e. leaf area/plant) at 50 DAS compared with the low vigour lines. Differences in yield across environments were associated with variation in total rainfall, rainfall distribution, and soil properties. In the wetter of the 2 years (1999), greater early vigour translated to increased yield of c. 12%, averaged across environments, but there was no difference in yield in either environment in the drier year (1998). Potential deleterious effects of the recurrent parent on yield were eliminated in field trials in 1999 and 2000 by manipulating early vigour through varying grain size (25, 35, or 50 mg) or seeding density (50, 200, or 400 plants/m2) of Amery at sowing. Large grain increased the embryo size and early vigour at 50 DAS in both environments in 1999. This translated to greater biomass production at anthesis and maturity to increase grain yield at Wongan Hills in 1999. In contrast, there was no relationship between grain size, biomass production, and yield at Merredin in 1999 or at either site in 2000. Sowing density treatments also had no effect on yield in 2000. In conclusion, there is potential to increase yield of wheat by selecting for greater early vigour in a wheat breeding program. The expression of vigour in field conditions and the translation of this improvement to higher yields is, however, dependent on the environment. Current yield limitations arising through backcrossing with a high vigour, yet poor yielding donor, need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Soybean growth and yield under cover crops

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
João Kluthcouski
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Soybean Plants

The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems can provide better conditions for the development of soybean plants with positive effects on grain yield and growth analysis techniques allow researchers to characterize and understand the behavior of soybean plants under different straw covers. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize, using growth analysis, yield components and agronomic performance of soybean under common bean, Brachiaria brizantha and pearl millet straws. The experiment was performed on a soil under cerrado in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three treatments (cover crops) and five replications. Soybean grain yield was lower in the B. brizantha straw treatment (3,708 kg ha-1) than both in the pearl millet (4.772 kg ha-1) and common bean straw treatments (5,200 kg ha-1). The soybean growth analysis in B. brizantha, pearl millet and common bean allowed characterizing the variation in the production of dry matter of leaves, stems, pods and total and leaf area index that provided different grain yields. The cover crop directly affects the soybean grain yield.

scholarly journals An early-morning flowering trait enhances heat-resilience at flowering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Ishimaru ◽  
Hlaing Thandar ◽  
Ye Oo ◽  
Tin Lwin ◽  
Kazuhiro Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Tropical Regions

An early-morning flowering (EMF) trait is supposed to be effective in enhancing grain yield due to mitigation of heat-induced spikelet sterility at flowering in rice. This study evaluated (i) phenotypic differences between a near-isogenic line carrying a QTL for EMF trait, designated as IR64+qEMF3, and a recurrent parent, IR64, under wide variation in climates and (ii) whether an EMF trait can enhance grain yield under heat stress at flowering. IR64+qEMF3 had significant earlier flower opening time (FOT) in diverse environmental conditions including temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. Under normal temperatures at flowering, IR64+qEMF3 had similar grain yield to IR64 with some significant changes in agronomic traits and yield components. Field trials in heat-vulnerable regions of central Myanmar for seven crop seasons showed that higher percentage of filled grains contributed to the significantly higher grain yield in IR64+qEMF3 among yield components when plants were exposed to daily maximum air temperatures around 36.5 oC or higher. Lower spikelet sterility in IR64+qEMF3 was attributed to the earlier FOT during cooler early morning hours. This is the first field study that clearly demonstrates the enhancement of heat-resilience due to EMF trait at flowering.

scholarly journals Natural variation further increases resilience of sorghum bred for chronically drought–prone environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxu Dong ◽  
Techale Birhan ◽  
Nezif Abajebel ◽  
Misganu Wakjira ◽  
Tesfaye Mitiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Natural Genetic Variation ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
Drought Resilience ◽  
Flowering Regulator ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Abstract Climate–change–associated shifts in rainfall distribution together with a looming worldwide water crisis make drought resilience of central importance to food security. Even for relatively drought resilient crops such as sorghum, moisture stress is nonetheless one of the major constraints for production. Here, we explore the potential to use natural genetic variation to build on the inherent drought tolerance of an elite cultivar (Teshale) bred for Ethiopian conditions including chronic drought, evaluating a backcross nested-association mapping (BC–NAM) population using 12 diverse founder lines crossed with Teshale under three drought-prone environments in Ethiopia. All twelve populations averaged higher head exsertion and lower leaf senescence than the recurrent parent in the two highest-stress environments, reflecting new drought resilience mechanisms from the donors. A total of 154 QTLs were detected for eight drought responsive traits – the validity of these were supported in that 100 (64.9%) overlapped with QTLs previously detected for the same traits, concentrated in regions previously associated with ′stay-green′ traits as well as the flowering regulator Ma6 and drought resistant gene P5CS2. Allele effects show that some favorable alleles are already present in the Ethiopian cultivar, however the exotic donors offer rich scope for increasing drought resilience. Using model-selected SNPs associated with eight traits in this study and three in a companion study, phenotypic prediction accuracies for grain yield were equivalent to genome-wide SNPs and were significantly better than random SNPs, indicating that these studied traits are predictive of sorghum grain yield. Rich scope for improving drought resilience even in cultivars bred for drought–prone regions, together with phenotypic prediction accuracy for grain yield, provides a foundation to enhance food security in drought-prone areas like the African Sahel.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversification and Selection Strategies for Improving Sorghum Grain Yield Under Phosphorous-Deficient Conditions in West Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Chiaka Diallo ◽  
H. Frederick W. Rattunde ◽  
Vernon Gracen ◽  
Aboubacar Touré ◽  
Baloua Nebié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Nested Association Mapping ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum, a major crop for income generation and food security in West and Central Africa, is predominantly grown in low-input farming systems with serious soil phosphorus (P) deficiencies. This study (a) estimates genetic parameters needed to design selection protocols that optimize genetic gains for yield under low-phosphorus conditions and (b) examines the utility of introgressed backcross nested association mapping (BCNAM) populations for diversifying Malian breeding materials. A total of 1083 BC1F5 progenies derived from an elite hybrid restorer “Lata-3” and 13 diverse donor accessions were evaluated for yield and agronomic traits under contrasting soil P conditions in Mali in 2013. A subset of 298 progenies were further tested under low-P (LP) and high-P (HP) conditions in 2014 and 2015. Significant genetic variation for grain yield was observed under LP and HP conditions. Selection for grain yield under LP conditions was feasible and more efficient than the indirect selection under HP in all three years of testing. Several of the BCNAM populations exhibited yields under LP conditions that were superior to the elite restorer line used as a recurrent parent. The BCNAM approach appears promising for diversifying the male parent pool with introgression of diverse materials using both adapted Malian breed and unadapted landrace material from distant geographic origins as donors.

scholarly journals Analysis of growth and agronomic characteristics of off-season corn grown insuccession with soybean and submitted to nitrogen doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e007960
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Patrícia Vilela Da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Luiz Reis Devoz ◽  
Natielly Pereira da Silva ◽  
Rafael Felippe Ratke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Ear Number

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management strategies for the cultivation of off-season corn grown in succession to soybean can be established by growth analysis. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the growth and agronomic performance of corn in the off-season due to nitrogen levels in an Oxisol of the Cerrado of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split-plot scheme, with six replications. The plots were formed by five nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of N), and the time of evaluation of the corn development parameters (30, 45, 60 and 75 days after emergency (DAE)) constituted the subplots. The source of N used was urea (45% N), with 30 DAE applied. The cultivar Invictus Viptera 3 of corn was cultivated in the off-season. Plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the plant shoot, physiological indexes of growth analysis were evaluated at 30, 40, 60 and 75 DAE. In the flowering period of corn, after the emission of the female inflorescence, were determined the indirect readings of the leaf chlorophyll, leaf N, height plant, and height of the ear insertion. At the physiological maturity of the grain was evaluated height of ear insertion, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and ear diameter, the mass of a thousand grains, and grain yield. The 160 kg ha-1 dose of N showed better performance and higher morphophysiological indices for corn off-season in succession to the soybean crop. However, the higher grain yield of corn was obtained with the 126 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Introgression breeding - Effects and side effects of marker-based introduction of two non-adapted QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance into elite wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
T. Miedaner ◽  
C. von der Ohe ◽  
V. Korzun ◽  
E. Ebmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Introgression Breeding ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Introgression breeding - Effects and side effects of marker-based introduction of two non-adaptedQTLfor Fusarium head blight resistance into elite wheatFusarium head blight resistance (FHB) can be achieved by using improved adapted varieties as crossing partners or by a marker-assisted introgression of mapped QTL from non-adapted sources. In this long-term studyFhb1on chromosome 3BS andQfhs.ifa-5Alocated on chromosome 5A were introgressed into European elite spring and winter wheat to test effects on FHB resistance and side effects on agronomic performance andF. graminearumisolates and mixtures. The introgression of the QTLFhb1andQfhs.ifa-5Afrom the Sumai 3-descendant CM82036 could be performed in the shortest possible way by marker-assisted backcrossing. They were both validated in European elite wheat background. Effects on FHB resistance were, on average, only about half of the effect in the original mapping populations. In the best phenotypically and marker-selected BC0line of spring wheat FHB was reduced from 40 to 4.3% of disease symptoms by introgressing both QTL, in the best BC3line of winter wheat the reduction was 28 and 37% for the moderately resistant and highly susceptible recurrent parent, respectively. Introgression of both QTL simultaneously did not result in significantly higher FHB resistance than introgression of only one of both QTL. Small significant negative effects on grain yield were detected in the Anthus but not in the Opus BC3F2:5backcross population when both QTL were introgressed. Backcrossing with onlyQfhs.ifa-5Adid not reduce grain yield significantly. Differences in heading date, plant height and quality traits were in all cases small although often significant. Selection of lines with improved resistance level and similar high yield level like the recurrent parent was feasible. Stability of FHB resistance mediated by both QTL was stable across 22Fusariumisolates from Europe and Canada and six binary mixtures. Competition effects between isolates in mixtures were obvious but could not be attributed to the resistance of the host. In conclusion, marker-based backcrossing is a feasible option for introgressingFhb1orQfhs.ifa-5AQTL into the high-yielding, quality-oriented European wheat gene pool.

Agronomic and breeding value of genes for resistance to leaf scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 955 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Jefferies ◽  
A. R. Barr ◽  
C. Hunt ◽  
R. D. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Variable Nature

Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) is one of the most damaging leaf and stem diseases of barley grown in southern Australia. The development of resistant cultivars is the most effective means of controlling scald. However, the highly variable nature of the scald pathogen has often resulted in resistance conferred by single major genes being rendered ineffective. Breeding and selection for non-race specific, durable resistance, or the adoption of major gene deployment strategies such as gene pyramiding, could largely overcome this problem. Four cultivars of barley (Guardian, Halcyon, Sultan, Waveney) were evaluated as potential sources of scald resistance, suitable for gene introgression and pyramiding programs in southern Australia. Each of these prospective donor parents was backcrossed to the susceptible recurrent parent Sloop through one cycle of backcrossing. All 4 cultivars were resistant to scald isolates common in southern Australia. No factors, either deleterious or beneficial to grain yield, were associated with scald resistance genes from Guardian, Halcyon, and Waveney. Scald resistance genes carried by Sultan were found to be associated with lower grain yield. Both resistant and susceptible first backcross lines derived from Guardian produced a lower proportion of plump grain than the recurrent parent Sloop. A greater number of backcrosses and large population size may be required to successfully introgress scald resistance genes from Sultan and Guardian into germplasm adapted to southern Australian conditions. The development of molecular markers linked to resistance genes in these parents will allow efficient introgression and pyramiding of scald resistance genes from Waveney, Halcyon, and Sultan.

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