Screening wheat genotypes for tolerance of soil acidity

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tang ◽  
M. Nuruzzaman ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Subsoil Acidity

A soil-based screening method was used to test tolerance of wheat genotypes to acidity. Plants were grown for 6 days in an acid soil with the pH adjusted to 3.9–5.8. The number and length of roots were measured. To validate the method, 12 wheat cultivars of known acidity tolerance and one acid-sensitive barley cultivar were grown on an acid soil in the field with or without amelioration of subsoil acidity. The relative yields of these wheat genotypes on the soil with subsoil acidity ranged from 50 to 89% of yields on soil without subsoil acidity, and were correlated with root growth parameters obtained in the glasshouse. The best correlation was obtained between relative yields in the field (y) and root length per plant (x) at pH 3.9 in the glasshouse (y = –43 + 52*log x, r = 0.95) or root length per plant at pH 3.9 as a percentage of root length at pH 4.8 (y = 1.2 + 46*log x, r = 0.94). Following validation of the glasshouse screening method in the field, 115 wheat genotypes, including cultivars and breeding lines, were screened in the glasshouse. A substantial genotypic variation in acidity tolerance was found, with root length per plant at pH 3.9 ranging from 66 to > 350 mm. Many Western Australian breeding lines displayed better tolerance than existing tolerant wheat cultivars. The screening system can be instrumental in breeding wheat for increased tolerance to acid soils.

scholarly journals Reaction of winter wheat genotypes to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola(Fuckel) Schroeter

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz ◽  
Czesław Zamorski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The response of Polish winter wheat genotypes to <i>M.graminicola</i> (preliminary experiments and cultivar collections) was observed in different regions of Poland. Observations were carried out in 1995-1999. The winter wheat genotypes showed a broad spectrum of reaction to this pathogen. Between 1997 and 1999 the highest degree of infection on winter wheat breeding lines was noted in Kończewice. During this time no genotypes free from infection were observed (preliminary breeding experiments). Cultivars with no symptoms of <i>Septoria tritici</i> blotch (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) were found among old genotypes in Słupia Wielka only in earlier experiments (1995-1996). In the years 1997-1999 the winter wheat cultivars were classified into groups on the basis of their response to the pathogen. The degree of infection for the majority cultivars was quite high.

scholarly journals Assessment of salinity tolerance in tomato cultivars grown in Maharashtra, India.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Rupali Seth
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The present study was undertaken to assess the genotypic variation for salinity tolerance in five commercial cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in Maharashtra. Growth parameters such as shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were assessed at control, 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl with Hoagland’s solution. The shoot/root length and fresh/dry weight declined at 100 mM stress. Proline accumulated as a consequence of salt stress. On the basis of growth parameters and proline accumulation cultivars Abhinav and Rohini were tolerant, TO1389 and N2535 moderately tolerant and Naina sensitive towards salinity stress.

scholarly journals Pengujian Nomor-nomor Harapan Padi Tahan Al dan pH Rendah Hasil Seleksi In Vitro dengan Kultur Hara

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih ◽  
Ika Mariska
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Root Length ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Rapid Screening

<p>Rice productivity in acid soil is very low because of low pH,<br />low availability of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mo, toxicity of Al and Mn.<br />Development of Al tolerant varieties could increase rice<br />productivity in acid soil. Somaclonal variation and in vitro<br />selection method can be used to develop new Al tolerance<br />varieties. A rapid screening method is needed to select a<br />large number of new genotypes or new inbred lines in plant<br />breeding, such as solution culture methods to evalu-ate Altolerant<br />rice. This methods was used to know the response<br />to Al in the seedling stage, root development, and pH<br />changing. In this experiment solution culture method was<br />used to evaluate the new genotypes derived from somaclonal<br />variation and in vitro selection methods. These new<br />genotypes have been tested the tolerance characteristic by<br />using AlCl36H2O at 6 concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400,<br />and 500 ppm). Yoshida solution with two Al concentration<br />were used to tested these genotypes. Measurement of Al<br />tolerance was based on root development by using Relative<br />Root Length (RRL), the relativity of root length at 45 ppm and<br />0 ppm. Almost all of the genotypes have RRLs higher than<br />0.7, which means that there was a positive correlation<br />between the in vitro method and solution culture method. In<br />this experiment pH changes were not applicable to measure<br />the tolerance of the rice genotypes to Al and low pH.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical Factors Enhancing Papaya Root Growth in a Tropical Volcanic Acid Subsoil

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Ruben dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Two Stages

Subsoil from an acid soil series was amended with CaSO4, MgO, or Ca(OH)2 to identify chemical factors that may enhance papaya (Carica papaya L.) root growth in these soils. Root length of `Red Lady' and `Waimanalo' seedlings at two stages of development was increased by the addition of each of the materials. The increase in root length was similar for CaSO4 or MgO amendments, and was greatest for Ca(OH)2 amendment. These amendments increased dry weight of new roots for `Red Lady' and increased root length per unit dry weight in one experiment for `Waimanalo'. The results indicate that both Ca deficiency and Al toxicity may be responsible for limiting papaya root growth in the subsoils of the acid soils of Guam. Correcting these chemical factors should improve rooting depth, thereby increasing the volume of soil from which resources are accessible and lessening the susceptibility to toppling during tropical cyclones.

Assessing the role of genetics for improving the yield of Australia’s major grain crops on acid soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Acid Soil Tolerance ◽  
Application Rates

Acid soils (pH <5.0) continue to limit the yields of Australia’s major crops and restrict their cultivation. These soils pose various abiotic stresses that restrict or affect plant growth in different ways. Chief among these stresses is aluminium (Al3+) toxicity, which inhibits root growth. Soil acidification can occur naturally but certain agricultural practices accelerate the process. The most effective management practice for slowing and reversing acidification is the application of lime (calcium carbonate). Liming has increased over the last 25 years but it can take several years to ameliorate subsoil acidity and the application rates in some areas remain too low to avoid further acidification. If left unmanaged, acidification will degrade agricultural land and cause larger yield losses in the future. Crops that are better adapted to acid soils are important resources because they help to maintain production while amelioration efforts continue. Significant genotypic variation for acid-soil tolerance has been reported in wheat, barley and pulse species and improvements to yield are likely by pyramiding the optimal genetic loci controlling this trait through breeding. Further increases in production might also be possible with wider crosses to related species and through genetic engineering. This review assesses the potential of genetics and biotechnology for increasing the yields of Australia’s major grain crops on acid soils.

Genotypic variation in metribuzin tolerance in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Si ◽  
M. W. Sweetingham ◽  
B. J. Buirchell ◽  
D. G. Bowran ◽  
T. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Dose Responses

Tolerance to metribuzin herbicide is an essential agronomic trait for narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) grown in Western Australia (WA), however, metribuzin causes up to 30% yield loss in cv. Tanjil. Tanjil is widely used as a parent in the WA lupin breeding programme to provide anthracnose resistance. Hence, identification of genotypes tolerant to metribuzin and incorporation of this tolerance into the disease-resistant cultivar is necessary for maintaining lupin production. This study identified tolerance to metribuzin among lupin cultivars and advanced breeding lines under both controlled temperature and natural winter conditions. Differences in dose responses between cultivars revealed that cv. Gungurru was tolerant and cv. Tanjil susceptible to metribuzin. Gungurru seedlings survived metribuzin applications of up to 1600 g/ha, whereas Tanjil seedlings exhibited zero survival at 800 g/ha. The rate of herbicide application that caused a 50% growth reduction (GR50, excluding dead plants) for Gungurru was 2 times greater than that for Tanjil. The level of tolerance in Gungurru is adequate to protect plants against metribuzin damage in the field. Large and consistent differences in tolerance between genotypes were identified among cultivars and advanced breeding lines across controlled temperatures (20°C during the day and 12°C at night) and in natural winter conditions. One breeding line (95L208–13–13) showed marginally better tolerance than Gungurru. A number of advanced breeding lines were as susceptible to metribuzin as Tanjil, indicating that it is very important to select for metribuzin tolerance concurrently with disease resistance in the breeding programme. Of the 6 measures of tolerance used in this study, leaf score proved to be the simplest and most effective measure and could be used for the selection of individual tolerant plants in segregating populations. Tolerance was independent of early vigour, suggesting that it is possible to combine both early vigour and tolerance into a cultivar for better weed management. In conclusion, breeding for metribuzin tolerance in lupin is feasible, and the screening method tested here was simple and consistent, which would assist a breeding programme in making rapid progress towards herbicide-tolerant plants.

Responses to phosphorus among wheat genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McDonald ◽  
William Bovill ◽  
Julian Taylor ◽  
Robert Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

Phosphorus (P) recovery and P-use efficiency (PUE) by wheat are low, and genetic improvement in PUE is a potential means of improving the effectiveness of P in farming systems. We examined variation in response to P in wheat to identify genotypes that showed consistent responsiveness to P fertiliser in the field and which may be the target of future studies, and examined differences in P uptake and partitioning. The response to P was studied among a diverse set of bread wheat germplasm at three sites in South Australia between 2009 and 2012. Up to 53 varieties and breeding lines were grown at two rates of P, 0 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha. Grain yield at 0 kg P/ha and response to P varied independently among genotypes. There were large effects of site and season on the response to P, but some genotypes showed consistently low and others high response to P. Analysis of a subset of lines revealed large responses in vegetative growth to P but the response diminished as crops matured, and variation in early vegetative growth was unrelated to the responses in biomass at maturity or grain yield. Genotypic variation in grain yield was more strongly related to variation in P utilisation efficiency than to variation in P uptake among wheat genotypes, which was associated with differences in P harvest index (PHI). Although breeding has improved yield, there has been no significant genetic gain in total P uptake; rather, improvements in PUE have been associated with an increase in P utilisation efficiency and PHI.

scholarly journals Morphological Characterization, Variability and Diversity among Vegetable Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Shilpashree ◽  
Sarojinikunjamma Nirmala Devi ◽  
Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda ◽  
Anjanappa Muddappa ◽  
Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetable Soybean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
High Heritability

Vegetable soybean production is dependent on the development of vegetable type varieties that would be achieved by the use of germplasm to evolve new agronomically superior yielding vegetable type with beneficial biochemical traits. This can be accomplished by a better understanding of genetics, which is why the research was conducted to reveal the quantitative genetics of vegetable soybean genotypes. Genetic variability of main morphological traits in vegetable soybean genotypes and their divergence was estimated, as a result of the magnitude of genotypic variation (GV), and phenotypic variation (PV) of traits varied among the genotypes. All traits showed high heritability (h2) associated with high genetic advance percentage mean (GAM). Therefore, these variable traits are potential for genetic improvement of vegetable type soybean. Genetic diversity is the prime need for breeding, and the magnitude of genetic diversity values were maximized among specific genotypes. Eight clusters were found for all genotypes; cluster VIII and cluster I were considered to have the most diversity. Cluster VIII consisted of two genotypes (GM-6 and GM-27), based on the mean outcomes of the high yield attributing traits. Hence, these two (GM-6, GM-27) genotypes can be advanced for commercial cultivation; furthermore, other genotypes can be used as source of breeding lines for genetic improvement of vegetable soybean.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

scholarly journals Coapplication of Chicken Litter Biochar and Urea Only to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency and Yield ofOryza sativaL. Cultivation on a Tropical Acid Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Maru ◽  
Osumanu Ahmed Haruna ◽  
Walter Charles Primus
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Use Efficiency

The excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in sustaining high rice yields due to N dynamics in tropical acid soils not only is economically unsustainable but also causes environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to coapply biochar and urea to improve soil chemical properties and productivity of rice. Biochar (5 t ha−1) and different rates of urea (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of recommended N application) were evaluated in both pot and field trials. Selected soil chemical properties, rice plants growth variables, nutrient use efficiency, and yield were determined using standard procedures. Coapplication of biochar with 100% and 75% urea recommendation rates significantly increased nutrients availability (especially P and K) and their use efficiency in both pot and field trials. These treatments also significantly increased rice growth variables and grain yield. Coapplication of biochar and urea application at 75% of the recommended rate can be used to improve soil chemical properties and productivity and reduce urea use by 25%.

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