The effects of addition of bauxite red mud to soil on P uptake by plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Snars ◽  
J. C. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Gilkes
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
P Retention

The chemical properties of red mud, a byproduct of Bayer process refining of bauxite to alumina, make disposal of the material problematic. It is very alkaline (pH > 11), contains a large amount of sesquioxides, and thus has a very high P retention capacity. These characteristics have encouraged its use as a soil amendment to enhance P retention in sandy soils. A glasshouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of red mud on plant-available P. Leached red mud (LRM) (pH 7.24) was mixed at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 t/ha with a very sandy soil, provided with a full basal fertiliser and various rates of phosphate, and then sown with perennial ryegrass. Five harvests were obtained over a period of 245 days. At the end of the experiment the highest rate of addition of LRM gave an increase in soil pH of less than one unit and the electrical conductivity had not changed substantially or systematically. Bicarbonate-extractable P (bic-P) had decreased considerably from the initial values. However, there were no significant differences between bic-P values at the different levels of red mud application for the same rate of P application. Plant yield was not significantly different between treatments. Addition of red mud (a) decreased the P concentration of plants for the same amount of P applied; and (b) required a larger amount of bic-P to maintain a constant level of P in the plant. The red mud had adsorbed both applied and existing P and reduced the plant availability of bic-P. The economic impact of these processes needs evaluation.

Effect of soil amendment with bauxite Bayer process residue (red mud) on the availability of phosphorus in very sandy soils

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Snars ◽  
Robert Gilkes ◽  
Jeffrey Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Bayer Process ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Very High ◽  
P Retention

The chemical properties of red mud, a by-product of Bayer process refining of bauxite to alumina, make disposal of the material problematic. It is very alkaline (pH >11), contains a large amount of sesquioxides, and thus has a very high P retention capacity. These characteristics have encouraged its use as a soil amendment to enhance P retention of soils so as to reduce leaching of P. To investigate the effect of added red mud on the availability of existing P in sandy soils an incubation experiment was conducted using 3 types of red mud (untreated red mud, red mud amended with 5% gypsum, and red mud leached with dilute acid to remove all soluble salts) mixed with 12 podsol topsoils at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40�t/ha. The mixtures were incubated wet for 28 days in the dark at 20°C, both with and without a microbial inhibitor. The decrease in 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus (bic-P) was 40–60% of initial bic-P at 40 t/ha of all 3 red muds after wet incubation without microbial suppressant. This decreased to 20–40% after drying or with addition of the microbial suppressant. The decrease in bic-P was not due to the increase in pH due to red mud application and appears to involve both chemical and microbial actions. The increase in soil pH of up to 3 units would be beneficial for pasture production at most rates of red mud application and the associated increase in electrical conductivity is not sufficient to affect plant growth.

Phosphorus sorption capacity of alkaline Manitoba soils and its relationship to soil properties

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
D V Ige ◽  
O O Akinremi ◽  
D N Flaten ◽  
B. Ajiboye ◽  
M A Kashem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phosphorus Sorption ◽  
Point Index ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
P Retention

The establishment of the P retention capacity of soil in Manitoba is essential for effective management of P in the region. However, the methods for determining the P retention capacity for neutral to calcareous soils in the Eastern Prairies are not well developed. The objectives of this study were to determine the P retention capacity of Manitoba soils and to generate equations that relate these capacities to other soil properties. One hundred and fifteen archived surface soils were selected and their physico-chemical properties were measured. These soils were used to generate a single-point P adsorption index by equilibrating 2 g of soil in 20 mL of 0.01 M KCl solution containing either 150 (P150) or 400 (P400) mg P L-1. A subset of 26 of these soils was used for multipoint isotherms with P concentrations in the range of 0–1000 mg P L-1. The data obtained were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption indices were correlated with the various soil properties that were then used to developed predictive equations of the P retention capacity of the soil. The values of the adsorption index, P150, obtained from the single point adsorption study using 150 mg P L-1, ranged between 88 and 891 mg P kg-1, while that of P400 ranged between 100 and 1250 mg P kg-1. A better correlation was obtained between P150 and soil properties compared with P400. For the 26 soil subset, the adsorption indices, Smax1 to Smax 6, obtained from the Langmuir isotherm, ranged from 300 to 1330 mg kg-1. A good correlation was obtained between the single point index and the multipoint isotherm (r = 0.93). Hence, Smax for the 115 soils was estimated from the relationship between P150 and Smax 3 of the 26 soils. The best relationships between the adsorption parameters, P150 and Smax, and the soil properties were obtained with the sum of Mehlich-3 extractable Ca and Mg (R2= 0.66) and the sum of exchangeable Ca and Mg (R2= 0.64). Mehlich-3-Ca and -Mg each explained 56% of the variation, while clay content explained 40% of the variation in the P retention capacity of these soils. Unlike the widely reported influence of Al and Fe in acid soils, our study showed that the retention of P in Manitoba soils was influenced more by Ca and Mg and soil texture. Key words: Phosphorus, phosphorus retention capacity, phosphorus adsorption capacity, phosphorus sorption, single-point index

Effects of aging and transformation of Fe(III)-precipitates on the retention of co-precipitated phosphate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Nenonen ◽  
Ralf Kaegi ◽  
Stephan J. Hug ◽  
Stefan Mangold ◽  
Jörg Göttlicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Retention ◽  
Over Time

<p>The cycling of phosphorus in terrestrial and aquatic systems is tightly coupled to the redox-cycling of iron (Fe). The oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) in natural waters leads to the precipitation of amorphous to poorly crystalline Fe(III)-solids that can bind phosphate (P) and other nutrients as well as toxic compounds. The EU project P-TRAP is aimed at developing methods to reduce diffuse P inputs into surface waters to mitigate eutrophication, by using Fe-rich byproducts from water treatment (https://h2020-p-trap.eu/). Within this project, we study mechanistic aspects of the formation and transformation of P-containing Fe(III)-precipitates and their implications for P retention in soils and water filters.</p><p>Freshly formed Fe(III)-precipitates are metastable and can transform into more stable phases over time. This may lead to the release of co-precipitated P. In laboratory experiments, we assessed how Ca, Mg, silicate (Si) and P impact on the formation and transformation of Fe oxidation products (at 0.5 mM Fe) and their P retention in synthetic bicarbonate-buffered groundwater. The time-resolved experiments were performed in electrolyte solutions containing Na, Ca, or Mg as electrolyte cation, without or with Si (at molar Si/Fe of 1), and P (P/Fe of 0.3 and 0.05). Changes in dissolved element concentrations over time were linked to changes in the structure and composition of the Fe(III)-solids; with Fe coordination probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, mineralogy by X-ray diffraction, and nano-scale morphology and composition heterogeneity by transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detection.</p><p>The freshly-formed Fe(III)-precipitates were mixtures of amorphous Fe(III)-phosphate with either poorly-crystalline lepidocrocite (without Si) or Si-containing ferrihydrite (with Si). Increases in dissolved P during aging were largest in Na electrolytes without Ca, Mg or Si, and were linked to the transformation of amorphous Fe(III)-phosphate into lepidocrocite with a lower P retention capacity than Fe(III)-phosphate. In Ca- and to a lesser extent Mg-containing electrolytes, the Ca or Mg stabilized the amorphous Fe(III)-phosphate and thereby reduced P release over time. The presence of Si increased initial P uptake and inhibited P release during aging by causing the formation of Si-ferrihydrite with higher P sorption capacity than lepidocrocite formed in the absence of Si. In conclusion, the extents to which P is trapped by fresh Fe(III)-precipitates and released during aging can be attributed to the individual and coupled impacts of Ca, Mg and Si on Fe(III)-precipitate structure, stability and transformation.</p><p>In continuing work, we aim to expand our work to study how organic compounds impact on the formation and colloidal stability of Fe(III)-precipitates and P retention.</p>

Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musibau O. Azeez ◽  
Gitte Holton Rubæk ◽  
Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen ◽  
Bent T. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P ◽  
Water Extractable

Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for >100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for >100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.

Extractable phosphorus in alkaline soils amended with high rates of organic and inorganic phosphorus

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kashem ◽  
Olalekan Oluwole Akinremi ◽  
Geza Joseph Racz
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Available P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
P Application ◽  
Plant Available P

Information on the extractable P in soils treated with different organic amendments and how it changes with time is important to a sound management of manure addition to agriculture soils. This laboratory study investigated the impact of adding municipal biosolids, hog and cattle manures and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on extractable P in soils. Phosphorus was added at rates of 0, 110, 220, 440 and 880 mg P kg-1 for the Osborne soil (Gleysolic Humic Vertisol), and 0, 123, 307 and 614 mg P kg-1 for the Lakeland soil (Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem) in the form of biosolids, hog manure, cattle manure and MAP. The soils were incubated at field capacity for 1, 4, 16 and 32 wk after which they were extracted using H2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 (Olsen P), and the Kelowna and Mehlich-3 extracts. Regardless of extractant and soil, extractable P was small 1 wk after adding biosolids (17-93 mg kg-1 as Olsen P) and large with MAP (59-672 mg kg-1 as Olsen P) while hog and cattle manures were intermediate between biosolids and MAP (20-461 mg kg-1 as Olsen P). In biosolids-amended soils, extractable P increased slightly with increasing incubation time indicating net P mineralization. With MAP, extractable P declined from 672 mg kg-1 after 1 wk to 157 mg kg-1 after 16 wk of incubation at the highest P application rate in the Osborne soil. In the Lakeland soil, the decrease in extractable P with MAP addition was small (from 398 to 332 mg kg-1) and was similar to the changes with cattle manure P with incubation time. Extractable P with cattle manure in the Osborne soil and with hog manure in the Lakeland soil did not change with incubation time. In both soils, extraction efficiency was in the order of H2O < NH4Cl < NaHCO3 < Kelowna < Mehlich-3. Across P application rates, the efficiency of added P as measured by NaHCO3 increased only with biosol ids from 12% after 1 wk to 21% after 32 wk of incubation, while it decreased in the same period from 55 to 44% with hog manure, from 34 to 32% with cattle manure and from 74 to 17% with MAP in the Osborne soil. Soil samples taken 4 wk following addition o f hog and cattle manures should reflect plant-available P, while soil samples taken within the same period following the application of biosolids are likely to underestimate plant-available P. Key words: Extractable phosphorus, organic amendments, soils, single extraction, incubation

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yusdar Hilman ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Anuar Abdul Rahim ◽  
Azizah Hashim ◽  
Justina Sri Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
P Retention

Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system. Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or 1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols &gt; Bogor Oxisols &gt; Subang Inceptisols &gt; Bogor Inceptisols &gt; Sukabumi Oxisols &gt; Lebak Ultisols &gt; Sukabumi Inceptisols &gt; Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Yusdar Hilman ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Anuar Abdul Rahim ◽  
Azizah Hashim ◽  
Justina Sri Adiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chemical Laboratory ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
System Experiment ◽  
P Retention

Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system. Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or 1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols &gt; Bogor Oxisols &gt; Subang Inceptisols &gt; Bogor Inceptisols &gt; Sukabumi Oxisols &gt; Lebak Ultisols &gt; Sukabumi Inceptisols &gt; Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.

Attitudes toward the use of TELL tools in English language learning among Vietnamese Tertiary English majors

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-596
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Learning ◽  
Guided Learning ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Majors ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

Technology plays a crucial role in the self-guided learning of a second language in general and English in particular. Nevertheless, many students in different contexts still ignore the application of technology-enhanced language learning (TELL) tools in enhancing their foreign language proficiency. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the attitudes towards the use of TELL tools in English-language learning (ELL) among English majors at one university in Vietnam. To collect data, 197 English majors participated in finishing the questionnaire, and 20 students were invited to join the interviews. The findings are that the majority of students have positive attitudes towards the use of TELL tools and the frequency of using these tools is very high. In addition, the results also reveal that there is no significant difference in attitudes towards and frequency of using TELL tools in learning English in terms of the year of study. However, students of different levels of academic achievements have different attitudes towards using TELL tools and use TELL tools to learn English differently. Received 2nd May 2019; Revised 16th July 2019, Accepted 20th October 2019

scholarly journals Synergy between a shallow root system with a DRO1 homologue and localized P application improves P uptake of lowland rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Mana Mukai ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Toshiyuki Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application

AbstractImproved phosphorus (P) use efficiency for crop production is needed, given the depletion of phosphorus ore deposits, and increasing ecological concerns about its excessive use. Root system architecture (RSA) is important in efficiently capturing immobile P in soils, while agronomically, localized P application near the roots is a potential approach to address this issue. However, the interaction between genetic traits of RSA and localized P application has been little understood. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) and their parent of rice (qsor1-NIL, Dro1-NIL, and IR64, with shallow, deep, and intermediate root growth angles (RGA), respectively) were grown in flooded pots after placing P near the roots at transplanting (P-dipping). The experiment identified that the P-dipping created an available P hotspot at the plant base of the soil surface layer where the qsor1-NIL had the greatest root biomass and root surface area despite no genotyipic differences in total values, whereby the qsor1-NIL had significantly greater biomass and P uptake than the other genotypes in the P-dipping. The superior surface root development of qsor1-NIL could have facilitated P uptakes from the P hotspot, implying that P-use efficiency in crop production can be further increased by combining genetic traits of RSA and localized P application.

scholarly journals Investigation of the relationship between landform classes and electrical conductivity (EC) of water and soil using a fuzzy model in a GIS environment

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-880
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Fuzzy Method ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Soil genesis is highly dependent on landforms as they control the erosional processes and the soil physical and chemical properties. The relationship between landform classification and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil and water in the northern part of Meharloo watershed, Fars province, Iran, was investigated using a combination of a geographical information system (GIS) and a fuzzy model. The results of the fuzzy method for water EC showed 36.6 % of the land to be moderately land suitable for agriculture; high, 31.69 %; and very high, 31.65 %. In comparison, the results of the fuzzy method for soil EC showed 24.31 % of the land to be as not suitable for agriculture (low class); moderate, 11.78 %; high, 25.74 %; and very high, 38.16 %. In total, the land suitable for agriculture with low EC is located in the north and northeast of the study area. The relationship between landform and EC shows that EC of water is high for the valley classes, while the EC of soil is high in the upland drainage class. In addition, the lowest EC levels for soil and water are in the plains class.

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