Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 3. Growth and carcass performance of second-cross lambs

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Afolayan ◽  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
A. R. Gilmour ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Meat Ph ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Carcass Performance

This study evaluated the growth and carcass performance of second-cross lambs that were the progeny of common terminal sires and a range of first-cross ewes. The first-cross ewes were the progeny of 91 industry sires from several maternal breeds including the Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester breeds. The first-cross ewes were generated at 3 sites over 3 years, and 3 common maternal sires were used at each site and each year to provide genetic links for combined analysis. The 2726 first-cross ewes were mated naturally to common terminal sires for 3 years at each site to quantify the variation in maternal genetics on the performance of 11 341 second-cross cross lambs. The birthweight, weaning weight (at an average age of 100 days) and post-weaning weight (at an average age of 200 days) of the second-cross lambs were analysed using mixed-model procedures. The lambs were slaughtered (n = 8878) at an average target carcass weight of 22 kg and dressing yield, carcass fat, muscle, meat colour, and meat pH were analysed. Crossbred ewe breed (the maternal grand sire breed) was significant for birthweight (range of 0.9 kg), weaning weight (range 4.4 kg) and post-weaning weight (range 4.6 kg). Type of birth and rearing, age of dam, and sex effects were significant for all liveweights. Ewe breed was significant for hot carcass weight, carcass fat levels, and muscle dimensions, but not for meat colour and ultimate meat pH. There was a significant difference between wether and ewe lamb carcasses for most traits, with other fixed effects generally being small when carcass weight was included as a covariate. Lamb carcasses from East Friesian-cross ewes were very lean compared with carcasses from all other ewe breeds (~2 mm lower fat depth at the GR site at 22 kg carcass weight). This comprehensive study of maternal sire breeds provides an opportunity to exploit between-breed variation for some maternal growth and carcass traits. There was, however, considerable overlap among breeds and opportunities exist for additional improvement by exploiting between-maternal sire genetic variance. The role of improved growth and carcass performance in profitability of prime lamb enterprises is discussed.

Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 2. Breed and fixed effects for post-weaning growth, carcass, and wool of first-cross lambs

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
A. R. Gilmour ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Meat Colour ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Sire Breed

The study evaluated post-weaning growth, carcass characteristics, and wool production of crossbred progeny of 91 sires from more than 7 maternal breeds (including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester). The sires were joined to Merino and Corriedale ewes at 3 sites over 3 years with 3 link sires in common at each site and year. Post-weaning weight at an average age of 200 days of 2841 ewes and 3027 wethers was analysed using mixed model procedures. The wethers were slaughtered at an average age of 214 days and carcass weight, fat, muscle, meat colour, and ultimate pH (24 h post-slaughter) were analysed. For ewes, hogget fleece weight, yield, fibre diameter, and faecal worm egg count (FEC) were analysed. Sire breed was significant (P < 0.01), with a range of 32.8–39.0 kg for post-weaning weight, 19.1–22.8 kg for hot carcass weight, and for carcass fat levels (11.1–17.2 mm at the GR site (FatGR) and 3.4–6.5 mm at the C site, adjusted to 22 kg carcass weight), with the East Friesian cross carcasses being very lean (FatGR 11.1 mm). Sire breed was significant for eye muscle area (P < 0.01) but not for eye muscle depth, meat colour L* (brightness), or ultimate pH. Sire breed was significant (P < 0.01) for greasy and clean fleece weight (CFW), yield, and fibre diameter (FD), with ranges of 0.9 kg (CFW) and 4.6 μm (FD). Sire breed was not significant for FEC. Type of birth and rearing classification was significant for most traits. National estimated breeding values for the sires that were entered by industry breeders indicated that they covered a range of genetic merit for most traits within their respective breeds and were generally representative of the maternal genetics available in the industry. Where there were large differences between the sire mean and breed mean breeding values the effects on crossbred progeny performance would be small and not expected to affect our conclusions about the breed differences reported. The results provide lamb producers with comparative information on sire breeds for growth, carcass and wool traits. The considerable variation among individual sires within the respective breeds will be reported in later papers.

scholarly journals Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
T Nugroho ◽  
A Nurhidayati ◽  
N Widyas ◽  
S Prastowo
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Observation Results ◽  
Birth Type

Abstract This study aimed to confirm the present of dam effect on weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses. A total of 1081 weaning weight records (standardized to 77 days) from 527 does and 16 bucks were analyzed. Data were derived from Boer, Boerja F1 (Boer 3 × Jawarandu ?), and Boerja F2 (Boer 3 × Boerja F1 ?). Two statistic models namely Model 1 and Model 2 were compared using F-test for overall significance. Model 1 is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which consist only fixed effect as factor, while Model 2 is mixed model which includes fixed effect as factor and dam as a random effect. The fixed effects in both models are buck, doe type, parity of the dam, sex of kid, birth type, and year of observation. Results showed that buck, doe type, sex, birth type, and observation year affect significantly (P<0.05) to weaning weight, while parity had no effect (P=0.53). Based on the model’s comparison, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between Model 1 and Model 2. Therefore, it is confirmed the present of dam effect on the weaning weight trait of Boer goat crosses in the studied population.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the weight of individual primal cuts and their inter-relationship in cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1593-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M Judge ◽  
Thierry Pabiou ◽  
Stephen Conroy ◽  
Rory Fanning ◽  
Martin Kinsella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Beef Herd ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Input parameters for decision support tools are comprised of, amongst others, knowledge of the associated factors and the extent of those associations with the animal-level feature of interest. The objective of the present study was to quantify the association between animal-level factors with primal cut yields in cattle and to understand the extent of the variability in primal cut yields independent carcass weight. The data used consisted of the weight of 14 primal carcass cuts (as well as carcass weight, conformation, and fat score) on up to 54,250 young cattle slaughtered between the years 2013 and 2017. Linear mixed models, with contemporary group of herd-sex-season of slaughter as a random effect, were used to quantify the associations between a range of model fixed effects with each primal cut separately. Fixed effects in the model were dam parity, heterosis coefficient, recombination loss, a covariate per breed representing the proportion of Angus, Belgian Blue, Charolais, Jersey, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental, and Holstein–Friesian and a three-way interaction between whether the animal was born in a dairy or beef herd, sex, and age at slaughter, with or without carcass weight as a covariate in the mixed model. The raw correlations among all cuts were all positive varying from 0.33 (between the bavette and the striploin) to 0.93 (between the topside and knuckle). The partial correlation among cuts, following adjustment for differences in carcass weight, varied from −0.36 to 0.74. Age at slaughter, sex, dam parity, and breed were all associated (P &lt; 0.05) with the primal cut weight. Knowledge of the relationship between the individual primal cuts, and the solutions from the models developed in the study, could prove useful inputs for decision support systems to increase performance.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in women with varying levels of menstrual pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyn Travers ◽  
Penny Moss ◽  
William Gibson ◽  
Dana Hince ◽  
Sheree Yorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Pressure Pain Thresholds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background and aims: Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well-established phenomenon in pain-free individuals that describes a decrease in pain sensitivity after an acute bout of exercise. The EIH response has been demonstrated to be sub-optimal in the presence of persisting pain. Menstrual pain is a common recurrent painful problem with many women experiencing high levels of pain each cycle. However, the EIH response has not been examined in a cohort of women with high levels of menstrual pain. This research aimed to examine whether EIH manifests differently in women with varying levels of menstrual pain. The primary hypothesis was that women with high levels of menstrual pain would demonstrate compromised EIH. Secondary aims were to explore relationships between EIH and emotional state, sleep quality, body mass index (BMI) or physical activity levels. Methods: Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured in 64 participants using a digital handheld algometer before and after a submaximal isometric-handgrip exercise. EIH index was compared between low (VAS 0–3), moderate (VAS 4–7) and high (VAS 8–10) pain groups, using a linear mixed model analysis with participant as a random effect, and site, menstrual pain category and the interaction between the two, as fixed effects. Results: EIH was consistently induced in all groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the pain groups for EIH index (p=0.835) or for any co-variates (p>0.05). Conclusions: EIH was not found to differ between women who report regular low, moderate or high levels of menstrual pain, when measured at a point in their menstrual cycle when they are pain free. Implications: This study provides insight that EIH does not vary in women with differing levels of menstrual pain when they are not currently experiencing pain. The current findings indicate that, although menstrual pain can involve regular episodes of high pain levels, it may not be associated with the same central nervous system dysfunctions as seen in sustained chronic pain conditions.

Genetic evaluation of crossbred lamb production. 1. Breed and fixed effects for birth and weaning weight of first-cross lambs, gestation length, and reproduction of base ewes

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
A. R. Gilmour ◽  
L. J. Cummins ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Sire Breed

This is the first paper in a series that reports on a national maternal sire central progeny test program (MCPT) to evaluate the genetic variation for economically important production traits in first- and second-cross progeny of maternal and dual purpose (meat and wool) sires and the scope for genetic improvement. The MCPT program also provides direct linkages between breeds that will contribute information for across-breed genetic evaluation. Crossbred progeny by 91 sires from more than 7 maternal breeds (including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, White Suffolk, Corriedale, and Booroola Leicester) at 3 sites over 3 years with 3 link sires in common at each site and year were evaluated in this study. National estimated breeding values for the sires that were entered by industry breeders indicated that there was some selection for weight, but not other traits and the sires were generally representative of the maternal genetics available to the industry. There were 8377 base Merino and Corriedale ewes artificially inseminated with thawed-frozen semen from the 91 sires and 8193 crossbred lambs born and 6117 lambs weaned. Mixed model analyses of birth and weaning weight, lamb survival, and gestation length as well as fertility, litter size, and lamb weaning rate of the base ewes are reported. Sire breed was significant for birth weight (with a range of 4.0–4.4 kg at an average litter size of 1.8) and weaning weight (19.6–22.5 kg), as well as lamb survival (70–79%) and gestation length (147.1–150.3 days). Birth/rearing type was significant for all traits. Males were significantly heavier than females at birth and weaning, although there was no sex difference for lamb survival or gestation length when birthweight was included in the model. Pregnancy rate from the artificially inseminated base ewes varied from 40 to 84% at the 3 locations in the various years. Sire breed was significant for the number of lambs weaned per ewe lambing, but not for fetal number or litter size born. There were also significant differences in performance due to the source of the base ewes at each site.

Meta-Analysis of Upper Probe Measurements in Normal Subjects and Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert L. Merati ◽  
Seckin O. Ulualp ◽  
Hyun J. Lim ◽  
Robert J. Toohill
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Significant Difference

We report a meta-analysis of a series of studies in which 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring was performed in 1) normal subjects, 2) the normal control subjects in studies of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), and 3) the patients with LPR in these controlled studies. The statistical analysis utilized the fixed-effects model by Mantel-Haenszel and the random-effects mixed model. There were 16 studies from the past 12 years that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They involved 793 subjects (264 normal and 529 with LPR). The numbers of positive pharyngeal reflux events for normal subjects and for patients with LPR differed with a p value of <.0001. There was also a significant difference in the mean percentage of acid exposure times between normal subjects and patients with LPR (p = .003). We conclude that the upper probe gives accurate and consistent information in normal subjects and patients with LPR. The numbers of reflux events and acid exposure times are most important in distinguishing normal subjects from patients with LPR. The technology and methodology of probe testing is quite reliable and is consistent on a worldwide basis.

Corrigendum - Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

scholarly journals 222 Effect of genetic line and parity of dam on litter birth weight and weaning weight in swine

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Marcie I Christianson ◽  
Kenneth J Stalder ◽  
Alejandro Ramirez ◽  
Donald Beitz ◽  
Aileen F Keating
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Genetic Line ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Weight Model

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of parity and genetic line of the dam on her offspring and their ability to thrive until weaning. Data were obtained from 17 purebred litters and 72 crossbred litters and the parity of the dam ranged from 1-13. Parities were grouped into the following categories: parity 1, parity 2, parity 3-5, and parity 6+. Entire litters were weighed at birth and weaning (~28 days of age). Litters were grouped into four weight categories based on the time of year they were born: February, April, May, and July 2019. Data were analyzed by using mixed model methods (Proc Mixed, SAS V. 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC). The birthweight model included fixed effects of parity and genetic line. Birth month was included as a random variable, and number born alive was used as a covariate. Mean litter birth weight was significantly different between parity 1 and parity 3-5 (P=0.001), parity 2 and parity 6+ (P=0.031), and parity 3-5 and parity 6+ (P=&lt; 0.0001). The difference between parity 2 and parity 3-5 approached significance. Birthweight differed between genetic line (&lt; 0.0001): Crossbred litter birthweight was 4.15kg greater than purebred litter birthweight. The weaning weight model included genetic line, parity, and number of pigs after fostering. Birth month was included as a random variable, and age at weaning and birth weight were used as covariates. Weaning weights for parity and genetic line did not differ (P &gt;0.05).

scholarly journals PSX-7 Effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on animal performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of growing meat goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Nar Gurung ◽  
Woubit Abdela ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Kim Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hempseed meal (HSM) is a byproduct of hemp oil production and is high in crude protein, fiber, and fat, making it a potential feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSM supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood chemistry profile of growing meat goats. Forty castrated, Boer cross goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (n = 10): control, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM supplementation. Data collected over a period of a 60-day feeding trial were analyzed utilizing the mixed model analysis function of SYSTAT, version 13. The result revealed total live weight gain decreased with the increasing levels of HSM supplementation 10.75, 9.53, 8.48, and 7.80 kg, for 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Average daily gain followed the same trend 0.179, 0.159, 0.141, and 0.13 kg, with a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) observed between the control and 30 % supplementation. Conversely, feed to gain ratio increased with the increasing levels of supplementation 9.0, 10.2, 11.9, 12.2, likewise a significant difference was observed (P &lt; 0.05) between the control and 30% supplementation. Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, iso-valeric, and iso-butyric acid concentrations as well as the total VFA concentration decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing level of supplementation. Acetic to propionic acid ratios increased with increasing level of supplementation 3.43, 4.36, 4.52, and 4.59, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed between control-20% and 30% HSM group. Serum glucose concentration decreased with an increasing rate of HSM supplementation while BUN concentration increased with no significant differences. These findings provide new insights into the feeding value of HSM for meat goats; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal level of supplementation.

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