Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

Corrigendum - Relative efficiency of Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

Thirteen South Australian strong-wool Merino ewes and eight Border Leicester × Merino ewes mated to Poll Dorset rams were fed on lucerne pellets ad libitum during late pregnancy and lactation in pens. Each of their single-born progeny was slaughtered at 33 kg full liveweight. Breeds were compared for efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit liveweight and clean wool per unit intake), efficiency of the lamb (liveweight and body solids gain per litre of milk), and efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake). Border Leicester × Merino ewes ate 7% less organic matter per unit liveweight than Merino ewes during lactation; however, there was no significant difference during late pregnancy. In terms of absolute intake 120 Merinos = 100 Border Leicester × Merinos. Border Leicester × Merino ewes were 73% as efficient in converting feed to clean wool as Merino ewes. Merino ewes grew wool of smaller diameter and higher crimp frequency than crossbreds. Lambs from the Merino ewes were as efficient in converting milk into animal tissue as the progeny from Border Leicester x Merino ewes during the first 4 weeks of suckling. Lambs from Merino ewes required on average 25 extra days to grow to the same slaughter weight and ate 110% more organic matter from solid feed than lambs from crossbred ewes. However, the proportion of feed eaten by the lamb was small (10%) compared with that eaten by the ewe. Lambs from crossbred ewes were 23% heavier than those from Merino ewes at the same age. The crossbred ewe-lamb unit, however, consumed 20% more feed and hence was as efficient as the Merino ewe–lamb unit. The Merino ewe–lamb unit was more efficient than the crossbred ewe-lamb unit when the lamb genotypes were slaughtered at the same liveweight (P < 0.05); however, the difference was not significant when expressed as carcass weight per unit intake.

Effect of breed of dam and lamb, and of lamb sex on efficiency of conversion of food to lamb and wool in Merino and first-cross Merino ewes

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling ◽  
RW Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

The effects of breed of dam (Merino (M), Border Leicester x Merino (BL x M) and Poll Dorset x Merino (PD x M)), breed of lamb (Suffolk sired (S)) and sex of lamb (castrate male, female) on the efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit metabolic weight and clean wool weight per unit intake) and on the efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake) were examined. The effects of breed of dam and breed of lamb were differentiated by a system of cross-mothering of all lambs at birth. Each lamb was slaughtered at = 35 kg liveweight. The two crossbred types ate less organic matter per unit metabolic weight than did M dams during late pregnancy, but there were no differences during lactation. Compared with the absolute intake of M dams, PD x M and BL x M ewes ate 11 and 18 % more throughout the experimental period (224 days). The conversion efficiencies of food to wool of PD x M and BL x M dams were 59 and 66 % of that of Merinos. There were no significant differences between breeds of lamb or between lamb sexes for either intake per unit metabolic weight or clean wool growth per unit intake of the ewe. There were no significant differences between breeds of dam or between lamb sexes for either lamb liveweight or carcass weight per unit intake. This applied whether the lambs were at the same age or at the same liveweight. Ewes rearing S x (PD x M) and S x (BL x M) lambs had higher carcass weights per unit intake than did those rearing S x M lambs.

Effect of breed of dam, type of birth and sex of lamb on efficiency of conversion of food to lamb and wool in Merino, Poll Dorset × Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Kleemann ◽  
CHS Dolling ◽  
RW Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Australian Merino

The effects of breed of dam (South Australian Merino (M), Border Leicester x Merino (BL x M) and Poll Dorset x Merino (PD x M)), type of birth (single and twins) and sex of lamb (wether and ewe) on the efficiency of the ewe (organic matter intake per unit (liveweight)0.75 and clean wool weight per unit intake) and of the ewe-lamb(s)) unit (liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake) were examined in two pen experiments (PE1, PE2) and a grazing experiment (GE). Each single-born lamb in PE1 and PE2 was slaughtered at weights =32 and =35 kg, respectively, and twin-born lambs when their combined weight doubled that of singles. In GE all lambs were slaughtered on the same day at 35.5 kg mean liveweight. Ewes rearing twins ate 19% more (P < 0.05) organic matter per unit (liveweight)0.75 during lactation than those rearing singles, the other effects of breed and sex were not significant during either late pregnancy or lactation. BL x M ewes grew 32% less (P < 0.001) clean wool per unit intake than did M ewes in PE, whereas the breed difference in GE was not significant, PD x M ewes grew 39% less wool than M ewes in GE (P < 0.001). Ewes rearing twins were 23% less efficient in converting food to wool than those rearing singles in PE, (P < 0.01), the corresponding difference in GE was not significant. There were no significant differences between breeds of dam for efficiency of the ewe-lamb unit when lambs were compared at the same age. However, when lambs were grown to the same liveweight the M ewe-lamb unit produced 14% (P < 0.001) and 8% (P < 0.05) more liveweight and carcass weight per unit intake than the BL x M in PE,. These results include adjustment for the effects of type of birth and sex. In all experiments ewes with twin lambs were about 45-55% and 35-45% more efficient than those with singles on a liveweight and carcass weight basis, respectively (P < 0.001), the effects were independent of whether the lambs were at the same age or the same liveweight. We conclude that efficiency of conversion of food to carcass weight on a flock basis will be largely dependent on variation in reproduction rate and to a lesser extent on breed of dam, and on breed of dam only when lambs are slaughtered at the same liveweight. In contrast, the effects of breed of dam on efficiency of food conversion to wool fibre were large.

Effect of grain or silage supplementation on meat quality attributes of cryptorchid lambs grazing lucerne or annual grass-clover pastures

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Hopkins ◽  
PJ Holst ◽  
DG Hall
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Objective and subjective tests for quality were performed on the meat from 40 cryptorchid second-cross lambs fed lucerne only (L; n = 8), lucerne plus an oat grain supplement ad libitum (LO; n = lo), lucerne plus wilted lucerne silage ad libitum (LS; n = 11), or an oat-lupin grain (3:1) supplement at 90% of ad libitum while grazing dry summer annual pasture (OL; n = 11). All carcasses complied with the Elite lamb specification of weight >22 kg and GR measurement 6-15 mm. There was no significant difference between groups for hot carcass weight, the mean (� s.e) values being 25.1 0.43, 25.2 � 0.36,25.2 � 0.38, and 25.3 � 0.36 kg for L, LS, LO, and OL groups, respectively. When the GR and fat depth over the eye muscle at the 12th rib were adjusted to a common carcass weight of 25.2 kg there was no significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference between groups for pH, or the colour values a*, b*, and L* of the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (a* is relative redness, b* relative yellowness, and L* relative lightness). The shear force values for the loin muscle were significantly (P<0.05) greater for lambs from group OL than for those from group LO. Cooking loss for the loin muscle was significantly (P<0.05) greater for OL lambs than all other groups. A comparison of the mean values for aroma and flavour showed the lambs from group OL produced meat that was considered significantly (P<0.05) less desirable for these characteristics, with other groups being similar. Meat from OL-fed lambs was considered oilier and less meaty than meat from lambs fed the other diets. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in absolute scores between panellists, but their ranking was not affected and there was no panellist x sample interaction. Because many producers use grain supplements such as oats and lupins for finishing lambs on dry forages, further study is recommended that focuses on the interaction between supplement and the base forage.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Analytical F14C Bone Background Value at SUERC

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1463-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Dunbar ◽  
P Naysmith ◽  
G T Cook ◽  
E M Scott ◽  
S Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Subtraction Method ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Step ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe SUERC Radiocarbon Laboratory employs a one-step “background subtraction” method when calculating 14C ages. An interglacial wood (VIRI Sample K) is employed as the non-bone organic background standard, while a mammoth bone (LQH12) from Latton Quarry is used as the bone background standard. Results over several years demonstrate that the bone background is consistently around a factor of two higher and more variable than the wood background. As a result, the uncertainty on routine bone measurements is higher than for other sample types. This study investigates the factors that may contribute to the difference in F14C values and the higher variability. Preparations of collagen using modified Longin or ultrafiltration methods show no significant difference, nor does eliminating the collagen dissolution step. Two bone samples of known infinite age with respect to radiocarbon are compared and again no significant difference is observed. Finally, the quantity and age of the organic matter in the water used during the pretreatment is investigated and it is shown that there is insufficient organic matter in the reverse osmosis water to influence background values significantly. The attention is now on determining if incomplete demineralization could lead to contaminants being retained by the phosphate in the hydroxyapatite.

The effects of genotype, age, pregnancy, lactation and rumen characteristics on voluntary intake of roughage diets by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Heteropogon Contortus ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Brahman Steers

The effects of genotype, age and liveweight, pregnancy and lactation on the voluntary feed intake by cattle of roughage diets of different qualities were studied in a number of experiments. The diets ranged from poor quality (low-nitrogen, high-fibre) spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) hay on which intakes were low ( 1 1 g DM/kg liveweight (LW)) to good quality lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (26 g DM/kg LW). On the poorest-quality diet, differences in intake between Bos taurus and Bos indicus were not significant. However, on the higher quality diets Herefords (Bos taurus) ate significantly (P < 0.05) more than Brahmans (Bos indicus). In addition, as the quality of the diet improved from speargrass through to lucerne, the breed difference in favour of the Herefords became progressively greater and the variability between animals progressively smaller as a proportion of intake. Another study showed that with increasing age and liveweight of steers, intake per unit body weight declined, the rate of decline being significantly (P < 0.05) greater on good-quality lucerne compared to a poor-quality speargrass diet. There was no significant difference between Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman steers in the rate of decline of intake of each diet with increasing age and liveweight of the steers. Another experiment which measured intake of pregnant and lactating heifers showed that the amount of feed eaten by pregnant heifers increased with increasing liveweight in late pregnancy, with intake per unit liveweight remaining constant. Lactating cows ate 35% more on a liveweight basis than their nonpregnant, non-lactating counterparts. These results are discussed in relation to mechanisms which control intake of roughage diets in ruminants, especially those associated with energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Optical characteristics of cryoconite (surface dust) on glaciers: the relationship between light absorbency and the property of organic matter contained in the cryoconite

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Conditions

AbstractOptical characteristics of the cryoconite collected from nine glaciers in the Himalaya, Tibet and the Arctic (Canada and Svalbard) were analyzed. The spectral light reflectance (visible region) of the cryoconite on the six glaciers in the Arctic and the Himalayawas generally low, indicating high light absorbency (dark coloration) of the cryoconite. In contrast, the spectral reflectances of the cryoconite on the three glaciers in Tibet were significantly higher than on the other glaciers. There was no significant difference in the spectral reflectance of mineral particles contained in the cryoconite between the Tibetan and the other glaciers, indicating that the difference in the albedo of the cryoconites is not due to the mineral particles, but due to organic matter contained in the cryoconite. Chemical analysis of the organic matter in the cryoconites revealed that the light absorbency of cryoconites is due to the amount of humic substances, which are dark-colored organic substances, the residue of bacterial decomposition of organic matter. The cryoconite of the three glaciers in Tibet contained significantly smaller amounts of humic substances than that of the other glaciers, probably due to different biological or chemical conditions. Results show that the formation of the humic substances in the cryoconite affects its optical characteristics, and possibly affects the surface albedo of the glaciers.

scholarly journals Effect of Cirripedia sp. Flour As Subtitutional Feed Source of Protein Against Dried Disease and Organic Material Rabbit Rain Type Rex

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhi Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽  
Mohammad Anam Al Arif ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Faisal Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Cirripedia sp. flour as feed substitution of protein source in feed on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in 100 male rex broilers. The research was experimental by using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour respectively in feed were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% given for four weeks. Data collection was carried out in the fourth week (for seven days) which included consumption data, manure weight and analysis of treatment feed and manure analysis. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the difference between treatments was determined by the Duncan test. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) and that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the digestibility of rex broilers. This shows that the substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour in feed can replace animal protein sources in fish meal in complete feed rabbits.Key words : Cirripedia sp, digestibility, feed subtitution, flour, rabbit.

scholarly journals Performance of Booroola Merino and Finnsheep crossbred lambs and ewes

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Young ◽  
G. E. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
The Difference

Booroola Merino (B, n= 18) and Finnsheep (F, n =31) rams were mated to F ewes and C3 ewes (1/2 Columbia, 1/4 Suffolk, 1/4 Hampshire). Progeny of these matings were evaluated for performance traits including ewe reproduction through 3 years of age. Averaged over dam breeds, there was no significant difference between B and F sires for conception rate (CR), litter size (LS) at birth or weaning or for lamb mortality to weaning. The difference among sire breeds was not large or significant for birth weight but F sired lambs were significantly heavier than B sired lambs at 63 and 147 days of age. Relative to F sired lambs, B sired lambs had a higher dressing percentage and less fat at the 12th rib but equal estimated percentage kidney fat. A significantly smaller percentage of B-C3 than F, F-C3 or B-F ewe lambs reached puberty by the end of their first breeding season. Ovulation rate at first mating was higher but embryo survival rate tended to be lower for B sired ewes than for F sired ewes. At 2 years of age, B sired ewes produced about 1 kg more wool than F sired ewes. With the exception of the very poor CR of B-C3 ewes at first parity, the differences between the four ewe genotypes were not large or significant for CR at first, second and third parity. The difference between B and F sired ewes in LS at birth was not significant at first parity but B sired ewes were more prolific at second and third parities. However, differences in lamb mortality reduced, and in some cases removed, the differences in LS by weaning time. Relative use of these breeds in commercial U.S. production schemes is discussed.

Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Heather J Black ◽  
D H B Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

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