The effect of stage of growth on the copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum contents of Algerian oats grown of thirteen soils

1952 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
CWE Moore
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Copper Zinc

Algerian oats were grown on 13 soils in the glass-house. Plants were harvested at intervals throughout the growing period, and when large enough were divided into leaf, stem, and (in later harvests) flowers or fruits. Copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum were determined on the separate plant fractions. Characteristic changes in the trace metal contents of the plant with growth were found for each element. These changes were generally similar irrespective of the soil on which the plants were grown. With the exception of manganese, the availability of the element in the soil did not affect the trend of the changes as the plant matured, but only the amount present. The uptake of each of the four elements continued through the whole period of growth. The total amounts of copper and zinc in both the leaf and the stem decreased after flowering as translocation to the grain proceeded. The amount of manganese in the leaf increased throughout the period of growth, although the rate of increase was less after flowering. The amount of molybdenum in the leaf increased until flowering, after which there was little further change. The rate of uptake of manganese was approximately equal to the rate of production of dry matter, whereas that of molybdenum, copper, and zinc was relatively greater in the early stages of growth. There was no observable influence of soil pH on the availability of copper and zinc, but that of manganese decreased with increasing pH. The availability of molybdenum was affected by the combined influences of soil pH and soil iron.

THE USE OF WATER BY WHEAT PLANTS WHEN INOCULATED WITH HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (5) ◽  
pp. 178-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

The transpirational histories of wheat plants, inoculated with Belminthosporium sativum Param., King & Bakke to produce root rot, showed a marked reduction in water loss during the early stages of growth, when compared with uninoculated plants. This was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the transpiring areas owing to reduced lengths and widths in the second, third, and fourth leaves to appear. As the plants entered into the early stages of elongation of the culm the transpirational story reflected a recovery in the inoculated plants. The later leaves to appear were longer with greater transpiring areas than in uninoculated plants. This fact combined with the death of the first three or four leaves resulted in greater transpirational and photosynthetic areas in the inoculated plants with consequent increased yields of dry matter. Probably similar recovery does not occur under competitive field conditions, where weeds and healthy wheat plants are present. Poor light conditions and low soil moistures were not conducive to recovery of inoculated plants. The water requirements of wheat did not appear to be affected significantly by inoculation. Of two varieties of spring wheat, Reward was more severely injured initially and recovered more rapidly than Marquis. Several possible explanations of the recovery recorded here are discussed.

Genotypic variation in osmotic adjustment in grain sorghum. II. Relation with some growth attributes

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tangpremsri ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
KS Fischer ◽  
RG Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Positive Effect

Two sets containing large numbers (23 and 47 entries) of sorghum genotypes were grown in the glasshouse to examine the effect of osmotic adjustment on water extraction, dry matter growth and grain yield. Water stress was developed in two periods, one before and one after anthesis. The results were similar in the two experiments despite a large difference in the genetic background of the plant material. Since osmotic potential did not differ significantly among genotypes before water stress was induced, osmotic potential obtained under stress was used directly to indicate the genotype's ability to adjust osmotically. Osmotic adjustment was positively associated with green leaf area retention during grain filling and to root length density at 70 cm depth. Genotypes with high osmotic adjustment used more water during the second drying period. As a result, total dry matter was well related to osmotic adjustment during grain filling, but grain yield was negatively associated with osmotic adjustment in one experiment and not significantly related in the other. When comparison was made for lines which had similar leaf water potential during early stages of growth but which differed in osmotic adjustment during grain filling, there was still a positive effect of osmotic adjustment on total dry matter. This suggests that the positive effect was not caused by large plants extracting more water during early stages of growth, but was due to the difference in line's ability to extract water during grain filling.

Milk production from pasture

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glover ◽  
H. W. Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Very High

It is shown that the available energy, T.d.n. or S.e., contained in the dry matter of Kenya pastures at all stages of growth is remarkably constant. Thus in the early stages of growth of such pastures when the available D.c.p. is present in amounts suitable for very high milk yields the available energy limits their attainment. During later growth, as the amount of C.p. in the pasture becomes increasingly diluted by carbohydrate there is a progressive decrease in amount of available D.c.p. and it in turn becomes inadequate to sustain the original limited level of productivity.

scholarly journals Allometric growth of copper, zinc, manganese and iron in slow- and fast-growing young chickens

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Jiří Zelenka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Allometric growth of body microminerals was examined in slow-growing laying-type cockerels (SG) and in fast-growing male broiler hybrids (FG) during the growing period from hatch to Day 22. Allometric coefficients for dry matter, copper, zinc, manganese and iron in relation to body weight were 1.0914, 1.0429, 1.2743, 1.0299 and 1.0730 for SG chickens and 1.0752, 0.9450, 1.0459, 1.0779 and 1.0059 for FG chickens, respectively. Allometric coefficients describing the relationships of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe with dry matter weight were 0.9495, 1.1654, 0.9390 and 0.9772 for SG chickens and 0.8754, 0.9698, 0.9981 and 0.9336 for FG chickens, respectively. High allometric coefficient for Zn in SG genotype likely indicate a rapid growth of skeletal tissues which requires an adequate mineral nutrition during this period of growth. The deposition of Zn relative to live body and dry matter weights was higher (P < 0.01) in SG chickens thus suggesting that the relative growth of this trace element may be affected by genotype.

scholarly journals Вміст мікроелементів та вітаміну А в яйцях перепелів за впливу комплексу гліцинатів мікроелементів та мікробного β-каротину

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
L. V. Shevchenko ◽  
O. S. Yaremchuk ◽  
S. V. Gusak ◽  
V. M. Mihalska ◽  
V. M. Poliakovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Chelating Compounds ◽  
High Bioavailability ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Β Carotene

<p>It was established that in the progeny of quail obtained from the parent herd, which during the growing period was fed as a source of microelements a complex of glycinates of copper, zinc, manganese, iron and cobalt with microbial β-carotene at a dose corresponding to the physiological requirement during the growing period increased the content of iron in eggs by 22,4 % compared to the control, and by 18,9 % compared to quails fed with chelates of microelements and β-carotene at a dose corresponding to half the daily requirement.</p><p>The concentration of zinc in the quail eggs of this group increased by 16,5 % compared to the control and by 21 % compared to the analogous parameters for the quails of the second experimental group, manganese by 17,4 % and 19 4 %. The increase in the content of iron, zinc and manganese in the quail eggs which feeding complex of glycinate of microelements and β-carotene, at a dose amounting to a daily requirement, indicates their high bioavailability in the digestive apparatus of the bird, their intensive absorption and accumulation in the eggs.</p><p>It was proved that the content of iron, zinc and manganese in the eggs of quail, which feeding a complex of glycinate of microelements and β-carotene at a dose corresponding to half the daily requirement of the bird, was at the control level, which indicates sufficient provision of its body with these elements.</p><p>The data obtained when feeding the complex of chelating compounds of microelements and microbial β-carotene to quails indicate an intensification of the conversion of β-carotene to retinol and an increase in the content of the latter in eggs of the quail by 19,7 %. Feeding quails of the complex of glycinate of microelements in a dose corresponding to their needs contributed to an increase in the dry matter content in the shell of the quail eggs by 2,13 % due to an increase in the ash content by 2,3 %, calcium by 0,83 %, zinc by 30,1% and manganese - by 26,5 %. Feeding quails half the daily requirement of chelates of trace elements contributed to sufficient provision of their body with these elements. The conducted studies testify to the absence of toxic effect of chelating compounds of microelements (glycinates of copper, zinc, manganese, iron and cobalt) on the quail organism, sufficient assimilation from feeds both at doses corresponding to demand, and in doses that make up half of it due to increased bioavailability in the tissues.</p>

scholarly journals Protein fractions of intercropped pea and oat for ruminant nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Jordan Markovic ◽  
Milomer Blagojevic ◽  
Ivica Kostic ◽  
Tanja Vasic ◽  
Snezana Andjelkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
High Level ◽  
Forage Management

The quantification of the main crude protein (CP) fractions during the growing period of pea and oat mixtures may be used to optimize the forage management. The determination of protein fraction could improve balancing rations for ruminants. The first factor (A) is ratio of germinated seed in mixtures. The pea and oat were tested at two different mixture rates: A1 ? 50% pea + 50% oat and A2 ? 75% pea + 25% oat. The second factor (B) is a cutting time in three stages of growth: B1 ? a cutting of biomass at the start of flowering pea (10% of flowering), B2 ? a cutting of biomass at forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of pea, and B3 ? cutting of biomass at forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. Stage of growth and pea-oat ratio in mixtures are significantly related to the change in the quality and chemical composition of biomass. The highest level of crude protein was obtained in pea at flowering stage (184.85 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)). The high level of easily soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds (over 50%) represent specific characteristics of the mixture. Unavailable fraction PC increased with plant maturation from 75.65 to 95.05 g kg-1 of CP.

Spherulitic crystal growth in the prodissoconch larval of Crassostrea virginica

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
George G. Cocks ◽  
Louis Leibovitz ◽  
DoSuk D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal Structure ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Initial Deposition

Our understanding of the structure and the formation of inorganic minerals in the bivalve shells has been considerably advanced by the use of electron microscope. However, very little is known about the ultrastructure of valves in the larval stage of the oysters. The present study examines the developmental changes which occur between the time of conception to the early stages of Dissoconch in the Crassostrea virginica(Gmelin), focusing on the initial deposition of inorganic crystals by the oysters.The spawning was induced by elevating the temperature of the seawater where the adult oysters were conditioned. The eggs and sperm were collected separately, then immediately mixed for the fertilizations to occur. Fertilized animals were kept in the incubator where various stages of development were stopped and observed. The detailed analysis of the early stages of growth showed that CaCO3 crystals(aragonite), with orthorhombic crystal structure, are deposited as early as gastrula stage(Figuresla-b). The next stage in development, the prodissoconch, revealed that the crystal orientation is in the form of spherulites.

Nitrogen Demand of Cut Chrysanthemums in Relation to Shoot Height and Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 523c-523
Author(s):  
Siegfried Zerche
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Period

Refined nutrient delivery systems are important for environmentally friendly production of cut flowers in both soil and hydroponic culture. They have to be closely orientated at the actual nutrient demand. To solve current problems, express analysis and nutrient uptake models have been developed in horticulture. However, the necessity of relatively laborious analysis or estimation of model input parameters have prevented their commercial use up to now. For this reason, we studied relationships between easily determinable parameters of plant biomass structure as shoot height, plant density and dry matter production as well as amount of nitrogen removal of hydroponically grown year-round cut chrysanthemums. In four experiments (planting dates 5.11.91; 25.3.92; 4.1.93; 1.7.93) with cultivar `Puma white' and a fixed plant density of 64 m2, shoots were harvested every 14 days from planting until flowering, with dry matter, internal N concentration and shoot height being measured. For each planting date, N uptake (y) was closely (r2 = 0.94; 0.93; 0.84; 0.93, respectively) related to shoot height (x) at the time of cutting and could be characterized by the equation y = a * × b. In the soilless cultivation system, dry matter concentrations of N remained constant over the whole growing period, indicating non-limiting nitrogen supply. In agreement with constant internal N concentrations, N uptake was linearly related (r2 = 0.94 to 0.99) to dry matter accumulation. It is concluded that shoot height is a useful parameter to include in a simple model of N uptake. However, in consideration of fluctuating greenhouse climate conditions needs more sophisticated approaches including processes such as water uptake and photosynthetically active radiation.

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