scholarly journals Protein fractions of intercropped pea and oat for ruminant nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Jordan Markovic ◽  
Milomer Blagojevic ◽  
Ivica Kostic ◽  
Tanja Vasic ◽  
Snezana Andjelkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
High Level ◽  
Forage Management

The quantification of the main crude protein (CP) fractions during the growing period of pea and oat mixtures may be used to optimize the forage management. The determination of protein fraction could improve balancing rations for ruminants. The first factor (A) is ratio of germinated seed in mixtures. The pea and oat were tested at two different mixture rates: A1 ? 50% pea + 50% oat and A2 ? 75% pea + 25% oat. The second factor (B) is a cutting time in three stages of growth: B1 ? a cutting of biomass at the start of flowering pea (10% of flowering), B2 ? a cutting of biomass at forming the first pods on 2/3 plants of pea, and B3 ? cutting of biomass at forming green seeds in 2/3 pods. Stage of growth and pea-oat ratio in mixtures are significantly related to the change in the quality and chemical composition of biomass. The highest level of crude protein was obtained in pea at flowering stage (184.85 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)). The high level of easily soluble protein and non-protein nitrogen compounds (over 50%) represent specific characteristics of the mixture. Unavailable fraction PC increased with plant maturation from 75.65 to 95.05 g kg-1 of CP.

INFLUENCE DE LA HAUTEUR ET DE LA FREQUENCE DES COUPES SUR LE RENDEMENT, LE PEUPLEMENT, LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE ET LES RESERVES NUTRITIVES DE LA LUZERNE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GERVAIS ◽  
J. M. GIRARD
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Food Reserves

A 3-yr study on height and frequency of cutting showed that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cut at 5 cm from the soil produced significantly more dry matter per hectare than that harvested at 10 cm, but the differences between the two heights decreased with the years and the frequency of cutting. Forages cut at either height had similar mineral composition at any one cutting. However, the percentages of cell walls and of lignocellulose were, in general, highest in alfalfa cut at 5 cm. Height of cutting did not affect the stand nor the accumulation of food reserves in the roots in the fall. The two-cut system gave a uniform production from year to year and maintained the stand at a high level. The three-cut system, the last cut taken in October, yielded the highest yields of dry matter and of crude protein while the four-cut system produced the least and had the thinnest stand at the end of the experiment. Frequency of cutting gave rise to significant variations in the chemical composition of the forages, variations resulting from the difference in the stages of growth at harvest. In general, alfalfa cut at a younger stage exhibited a more valuable composition than that harvested at a later stage. Food storage in the roots varied with frequencies, being highest with the two-cut system and lowest with the four-cut system.Key words: Alfalfa, height and frequency of cutting, yield, chemical composition, food reserves

scholarly journals Efficiency Of Using Domestic Feed Additive On Biological And Physiological Indicators Of Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
K. I. Khidirov ◽  
◽  
G. J. Kutlieva ◽  
B. I. Turaeva ◽  
N. A. Elova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

Research has been carried out to study the influence of "ProBioKorm Uz", a biologically active feed additive, on the development and physiological characteristics of rabbits of ‘New Zealand’ breed. During the experiment, 2 experimental and a control groups were formed. Adding "ProBioKorm Uz" to the main feed at the rate of 1% and 2% had an increase in experimental group rabbits’ live weight. Average live weight of them was higher by 5,7 %-3.8% than in the control group. Feed units composed 1.59%, dry matter 0.56 kg (3.61%) and crude protein 0.11 kg (3.59%) compared with the control group. Rabbits of experimental groups had higher indicators of erythrocytes concentration by 0.34-1.00 1012/l (10.34-19.53%), leukocytes - by 0.370-0.46 109/l (5.66-8, 06%), as well as a high level of hemoglobin by 7.42-11.08 g/l (6.81-10.08%) and total protein - by 2.40-4.48 (3.64-6, 42%).

Effect of stage of growth and urea addition on the preservation and nutritive value of whole crop wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Urea Addition ◽  
New Crop

Whole crop wheat (WCW) is a relatively new crop as a feed for dairy cows, and little information is available on its dry matter yield and nutritive value relative to stage of growth at harvest. Also, the role of urea (which hydrolyses to ammonia in the crop) addition in reducing fermentation and aerobic spoilage losses has not been investigated.The aim of this experiment was to examine three stages of growth at harvest for WCW, with and without urea.An area of winter wheat (cv Fortress) was cut (5 cm above ground) at three growth stages (GS 49, 71 and 87). The resultant forages were chopped through a precision-chop harvester and stored in air-tight barrels of 0.225 m3 capacity. Urea was added at 0 and 40 g/kgDM at each stage of growth and there were three replicates of each treatment. Thermocouples placed centrally were used to monitor temperature changes. The mini silos held approximately 100 kg of forages and they were opened after 90 days. Vertical cores were taken as samples and the mini silos were left open for a further 18 days to assess aerobic deterioration.

Determination of Quality and Chemical Composition of Silages Obtained from Narbonne Vetch (Vicia narbonensis) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizamettin Turan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicia Narbonensis ◽  
Feed Value

Research was conducted to determine the quality and chemical composition of silages obtained by mixing in different ratios of narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in rabi season of 2017-2018 in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the study we studied the pure sowings of barley and narbonne vetch and their mixtures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80% of narbonne vetch (N) + 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20% of barley (B). The values of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), DDM (digestible dry matter), DMI (dry matter intake), DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and RFV (relative feed value) of silages of analyzed were respectively 33.38, 33.73, 62.89, 3.57, 24.69, 15.50%, 174.64. We also founded that LA (lactic acid), AA (acetic acid), BA (butyric acid), PA (propionic acid) and Ca, P, Mg, K and pH of silages investigated were respectively 1.60, 0.57, 0.42, 0.06, 1.17, 0.53, 0.25, 3.51% and 3.80. Our results shows that silages with high narbonne vetch were higher quality values for CP, ADF, NDF, DM, RFV, DDM, DMI, Ca, Mg, LA which determined chemical composition and feeding quality of silages. As a result, it is suggested that mixture silages with narbonne vetch (80%) and the barley ratio (20%) have important advantages for some properties of silages.

EFFET DE L’APPLICATION D’AZOTE ET DU STADE DE CROISSANCE A LA RECOLTE SUR LA PERFORMANCE DE LA FLEOLE DES PRES (PHLEUM PRATENSE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

An experiment was set up to determine the effect of time and rate of nitrogen fertilization and stage of growth at first cut on yield and digestibility of dry matter and protein content of two timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, at each of two cuts, No difference in yield or chemical composition was found between cultivars. Highest yields and crude protein contents were measured at rates of nitrogen fertilizer of 112 and 224 kg/ha. Higher yield and protein content were obtained with NH4NO3 applied totally or in split applications in the spring than with urea in the fall. Dry matter digestibility (DDM) was not affected by nitrogen at rates of 56, 112 and 224 kg/ha. First cut was taken at two different stages of growth, and the second cut was taken on the same day in all the plots. At anthesis, yields were higher than at the head stage but DDM and protein content were lower. The opposite was found at the second cut. Except in 1973, total dry matter yield was not affected by the stage of growth at first cut.

scholarly journals Estimation of in vivo digestibility with the laying hen by an in vitro method using the intestinal fluid of the pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sakamoto ◽  
T. Asano ◽  
S. Furuya ◽  
S. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Poultry Diets

1. Dry matter and crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) digestibility of four poultry diets determined by an in vitro method using the intestinal fluid of pigs was significantly correlated with corresponding in vivo digestibility values obtained with hens.2. The intestinal fluid could be lyophilized and stored for at least 35 d without losing its activity on digestion.

Studies on the cutting management of grass-clover swards Part II. The effects of close cutting with either a gang mower or a reciprocating-knife mower on the yields from an established grass-clover sward

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid ◽  
D. S. MacLusky
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Lawn Mower ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level

1. In an experiment conducted on an established perennial rye-grass/white clover sward close cutting was carried out over a 3-year period (1956–58), either with a lawn mower to simulate gang mowing or with a reciprocating-knife mower. The sward was cut either six or eight times in each season, and received 0 or 2 cwt. ‘Nitro-Chalk’/acre for each cut.2. Swards cut with the gang mower yielded from 3·5 to 12·5% more herbage dry matter than swards cut with the reciprocating-knife mower and also gave a greater mean yield of crude protein.3. The difference in dry-matter yield between swards cut with each of the mowers is attributed to the slightly closer cutting level of the gang mower having a greater inhibiting effect on flower development in the grasses and hence stimulating leaf production and increasing total yields.4. In the second and third years of the experiment swards cut with the gang mower outyielded those cut with the reciprocating-knife mower by a proportionately greater amount when eight cuts rather than six cuts were taken in the season.5. When no nitrogenous fertilizer was applied the proportion of broad-leaved weeds in the sward increased more rapidly over the 3-year period where the herbage was cut with the gang mower rather than the reciprocating-knife mower. This disadvantage of gang mowing did not apply where the fertility was maintained at a high level by applications of nitrogenous fertilizer.6. It is concluded that the gang mower is a more suitable machine than the reciprocating-knife mower for close cutting on a field scale.

scholarly journals Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials

1957 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Alkali Solutions ◽  
Hydrolysis Residue ◽  
Different Tissues

In this investigation the lignin, the total of membrane substances, the crude protein and the methoxyl in lignin were determined in different materials. Some observations on the properties of lignin have been made. The lignin content, as calculated from the dry matter or from the total of the membrane substances, varies greatly in different materials, as can be seen in Table 1. This is the case even if one leaves out of consideration such materials as the bark of woods, sea-weeds, and mosses, the »lignin» of which scarcely is real lignin. In grasses and clover the content of lignin in the cell walls increases with the successive stages of development. The methoxyl content of lignin varies in different plants, in the same plant at successive stages of growth, and in the different tissues of the same plant. The solubility of lignin in hot diluted alkali solutions varies in different materials. Of the lignin in Gramineae plants even in an 0.1 N natrium hydroxide solution about 50 % dissolves, but of the lignin of softwoods only negligible amounts in a 2 N solution. The lignin preparations isolated by the usual acid methods contain, besides the real hydrolysis residue, also substances dissolved by the strong acid but precipitated by the succeeding dilution. The nitrogen content of the precipitated fraction is high. The high methoxyl content of its nitrogen free portion points to real lignin.

scholarly journals Estimation of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage quality parameters depending on the stage of growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1569
Author(s):  
J. Markovic ◽  
R. Strbanovic ◽  
D. Terzic ◽  
R. Stanisavljevic ◽  
D. Djokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes that take place in nutrient values of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv K-27 at different stages of growth in the second and the third cut. The samples from different stages of growth: mid-bud stage, around 60% flowering and full flowering were investigated for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV), total digestible nutrients (TDN), net energy-lactation (NEl), net energy-maintenance (NEm) and net energy-gain (NEg) content. Higher content of crude protein was found in the third cut (262.1 g kg-1 of DM) than in the second cut (260.8 g kg-1 of DM) in the first stage of development. TDN, DDM, DMI, RFV, NEl, NEm and NEg were calculated according to the appropriate equations adapted from common formulas for forages. The stage of plant development has a significant influence on the chemical composition and the relative feed value of red clover. The achieved results show that adequate maturity stage for cutting might be at mid-bloom stage, when crude protein content, NEl, NEm and NEg content are high.

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