The relationship of skin follicle development to growth rate in sheep.

Observations are reported on factors affecting the ratio of secondary to primary follicles (SJP) in a flock of Merino sheep.It was found that all follicles were initiated prior to birth but that the number which finally came to maturity (production of fibre) was significantly affected by birth weight and growth from birth to 1 month. Growth at later ages appeared to be unimportant. There was a significant correlation (r = +0.29) between birth weight and log potential S/P at birth. This is interpreted to indicate that while pre-natal growth conditions affect the number of follicles initiated, other factors are also of considerable importance. It is concluded that the larger animals at birth also have a greater total number of primary follicles than smaller animals. It is further concluded that this difference in total primary follicles results primarily from differences in size a t the 90th day of pre-natal life rather than from differences in density a t that time.

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Factors affecting birth weight in sheep: maternal environment

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-06-0042 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 297-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

D S Gardner ◽

P J Buttery ◽

Z Daniel ◽

M E Symonds

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Litter Size ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Multilevel Modelling ◽

Adult Health ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Practical Implications

Knowledge of factors affecting variation in birth weight is especially important given the relationship of birth weight to neonatal and adult health. The present study utilises two large contemporary datasets in sheep of differing breeds to explore factors that influence weight at term. For dataset one (Study 1;n=154 Blue-faced Leicester×Swaledale (Mule) and 87 Welsh Mountain ewes, 315 separate cases of birth weight), lamb birth weight as the outcome measure was related to maternal characteristics and individual energy intake of the ewe during specified periods of gestation, i.e. early (1–30 days; term ~147 days gestation), mid (31–80 days) or late (110–147 days) pregnancy. For dataset two (Study 2;n=856 Mule ewes and 5821 cases of birth weight), we investigated using multilevel modelling the influence of ewe weight, parity, barrenness, lamb sex, litter size, lamb mortality and year of birth on lamb birth weight. For a subset of these ewes (n=283), the effect of the ewes’ own birth weight was also examined. Interactions between combinations of variables were selectively investigated. Litter size, as expected, had the single greatest influence on birth weight with other significant effects being year of birth, maternal birth weight, maternal nutrition, sex of the lamb, ewe barrenness and maternal body composition at mating. The results of the present study have practical implications not only for sheep husbandry but also for the increased knowledge of factors that significantly influence variation in birth weight; as birth weight itself has become a significant predictor of later health outcomes.

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Factors Associated with Maternal Opinion of Infant Development—Clues to the Vulnerable Child?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.5.537 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 537-543

Author(s):

Marie C. McCormick ◽

Sam Shapiro ◽

Barbara Starfield

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Development ◽

Infant Health ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

First Year ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Slow Development ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

A mother's expectations about the development of her infant have been found to be a strong determinant of child development, but little is known about the factors that may affect maternal assessment of development. In this study, the relationship of the mother's opinion of the development of her infant with several sociodemographic, antenatal, intrapartum, and infant health variables was examined for a large sample of 1-year-old infants for whom gross motor observations were also obtained at the time of the interview. Among those observed to be developing at an appropriate rate, 4.0% were perceived by their mothers as developing more slowly than the mothers considered normal; among infants developing more slowly, 28.6% were considered to be developing slowly by their mothers. In both groups, the major determinants of maternal opinion of slow development concerned the infant's health: low birth weight, congenital anomalies regardless of severity, hospitalization during the first year of life, and high ambulatory care use. These results indicate that maternal perception of infant development may not reflect the infant's level, but past or present illness, and raise questions about the influence of infant health on maternal-infant interactions and the effect of such interactions on subsequent development in the child.

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Is Chronic Lung Disease in Low Birth Weight Infants Preventable? A Survey of Eight Centers

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.79.1.26 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 26-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Mary Ellen Avery ◽

William H. Tooley ◽

Jacob B. Keller ◽

Suzanne S. Hurd ◽

M. Heather Bryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Lung Disease ◽

San Francisco ◽

Chronic Lung Disease ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Prematurely Born Infants

Chronic lung disease in prematurely born infants, defined as the need for increased inspired oxygen at 28 days of age, was thought to be more common in some institutions than in others. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed the experience in the intensive care nurseries at Columbia and Vanderbilt Universities, the Universities of Texas at Dallas, Washington at Seattle, and California at San Francisco, the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, and Mt Sinai Hospital in Toronto. The survey included 1,625 infants with birth weights of 700 to 1,500 g. We confirmed the relationship of risk to low birth weight, white race, and male sex. Significant differences in the incidence of chronic lung disease were found between institutions even when birth weight, race, and sex were taken into consideration through a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Columbia had one of the best outcomes for low birth weight infants and the lowest incidence of chronic lung disease.

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Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600083313 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 363-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F. Ruvuna ◽

T. C. Cartwright ◽

H. Blackburn ◽

M. Okeyo ◽

S. Chema

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Least Squares ◽

Growth Rates ◽

Gestation Length ◽

East African ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cross Breeding ◽

Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

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Low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age association with adult depression: systematic review and meta-analysis

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.113.139014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 205 (5) ◽

pp. 340-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Christian Loret De Mola ◽

Giovanny Vinícius Araújo De França ◽

Luciana de Avila Quevedo ◽

Bernardo Lessa Horta

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Depression ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the effects that low birth weight, premature birth and intrauterine growth have on later depression.AimsTo review systematically the evidence on the relationship of low birth weight, smallness for gestational age (SGA) and premature birth with adult depression.MethodWe searched the literature for original studies assessing the effect of low birth weight, premature birth and SGA on adult depression. Separate meta-analyses were carried out for each exposure using random and fixed effects models. We evaluated the contribution of methodological covariates to heterogeneity using meta-regression.ResultsWe identified 14 studies evaluating low birth weight, 9 premature birth and 4 SGA. Low birth weight increased the odds of depression (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60). Premature birth and SGA were not associated with depression, but publication bias might have underestimated the effect of the former and only four studies evaluated SGA.ConclusionsLow birth weight was associated with depression. Future studies evaluating premature birth and SGA are needed.

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86 Factors affecting beef calf vigor at birth: Dam peripartum body condition score, calving season, and calf size

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 3-3

Author(s):

Lindsey G Wichman ◽

Colby A Redifer ◽

Natalie B Duncan ◽

Craig A Payne ◽

Allison M Meyer

Keyword(s):

Mixed Model ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Abdominal Girth ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Condition Score ◽

Calving Season ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract To determine effects of cow BCS and calving season on calf vigor and size and the relationship of calf size with vigor, 310 multiparous and primiparous beef cows (age: 4.6 ± 2.2 yr; BW: 663 ± 86 kg; BCS: 5.3 ± 0.6) from 3 spring (2015, 2016, 2017) and 4 fall (2015, 2017, 2018, 2019) calving seasons were observed during parturition. Time to stand (n = 191) was determined as minutes from birth to standing successfully for 5 sec. Within 24 h, calf BW (n = 187) and size [shoulder to tailhead length (STL), heart girth (HG), and abdominal girth (AG; n = 154)] were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed model containing effects of calving season (spring and fall), BCS category (< 5, =5, ≥6), and their interaction. Correlations were determined between time to stand and calf measurements separately for spring (n = 79) versus fall (n = 111). Cows with BCS < 5 gave birth to lighter (P = 0.02) calves that tended to have a faster (P ≤ 0.13) time to stand than =5 and ≥6. Calves from cows with BCS ≥6 tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.09) STL than =5 and < 5. Calves from cows with BCS < 5 had smaller (P = 0.13) HG than =5. Fall-born calves tended to have smaller (P ≤ 0.06) BW, HG, and AG than spring-born calves. Within fall calves, there tended to be a positive relationship (r = 0.16; P = 0.09) between time to stand and calf BW. Despite this, spring calves had a negative relationship (r = -0.26; P = 0.02) between time to stand and calf BW. In conclusion, cow BCS and calving season affect calf size and may affect calf vigor. These data suggest that calving season may dictate the relationship between calf vigor and size.

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The Relationship of Birth Weight, Feeding and Gestational Age with Serum Copper and Zinc in Premature Neonates

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2019/40236.12846 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Omid Reza Zekavat ◽

Alireza Sahraian ◽

Somayeh Esmaili ◽

Sezaneh Haghpanah ◽

Susan Rabie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Serum Copper ◽

Premature Neonates ◽

Copper And Zinc ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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A STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE FLUIDITY OF CEMENT

Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after V G Shukhov ◽

10.34031/2071-7318-2019-4-11-8-16 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 8-16

Author(s):

Л. Шахова ◽

L. Shakhova ◽

Е. Черноситова ◽

E. Chernositova ◽

Л. Щелокова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Labor Costs ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Cement Powder ◽

Production Factors ◽

Variable Factor ◽

Cement Binder ◽

Cement Grinding ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The fluidity of cement powder has a significant impact on the duration and labor costs in the process of transportation and shipment of cement. This determines the relevance of the task of finding mechanisms to control this parameter. During the production process, the fluidity of the cement powder is formed depending on the properties of the initial cement charge, the requirements for the thinness of the grinding to the finished product, the hardware design and the conditions of the process. In turn, the fluidity of cement affects the grinding process and the productivity of the mill. The rheological characteristics of the cement binder change over time depending on the physical properties of the material, environmental conditions and the equipment used for its storage. The reasons for the deterioration of the flow of cement powder is still not fully studied. The article is devoted to the study of the main factors affecting the fluidity of cement. The results of the statistical analysis of cement fluidity depending on the thinness of cement grinding (on the residue on the sieve №008 and the specific surface area by Blaine method) humidity, bulk weight and weight in the most compacted state. In addition, the relationship of production factors and cement fluidity is considered. Correlation and regression analysis shows that the fluidity is affected by a variable factor, which is not yet quantified.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLACENTAL THICKNESS WITHGESTATIONALAGE IN THIRD TRIMESTER AND PROBABLE FETAL OUTCOME

10.36106/ijsr/7813794 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 64-66

Author(s):

Sambhunath Bandyopadhyay ◽

Ritayan Sasmal ◽

Debarshi Jana

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Age Determination ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Placental Thickness

Accurate gestational age determination is very important for management of continuation and termination planning of the pregnancy. rd To establish placental thickness as a parameter for determination of gestational age and fetal growth pattern at 3 trimester. 100 primigravida women who are fullling the inclusion criteria and attend gynae &obs OPD or admitted in their third trimester at IPGME&R from January 2017 to june 2018. Placental thickness at 3rd trimester USG scan is moderately correlated with gestational age, if placental thickness expressed in millimeter then it correlated with gestational age at weeks. rd st Placental thickness with >3.2 cm (32 mm) at 3 trimester almost associated with good fetal outcome, with APGAR score >8 at 1 min and birth weight >2500 gm.

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