Response to two-way selection for harvest index in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
F2 Generation

A two-way selection experiment was conducted during 1974 and 1975 with two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses with a view to measuring the direct response of harvest index and its correlated response of grain yield. In the F2 generation, 10% selection intensity was applied for high as well as low harvest index and the selected populations were grown in the F3 generation. The progenies selected for low harvest index in the F2 generation gave low harvest index in F3 plants also, while those selected for high harvest index in the F2 generation segregated into high and medium harvest index in F3 plants. Simple and partial correlations of plant weight and grain yield with harvest index suggested a moderate to high positive association of grain yield with harvest index in the F3 generation. Estimates of heritability and gain from selection were high. The crosses under study provided evidence on the possible use of harvest index as a selection criterion for yield improvement in early segregating generations.

HARVEST INDEX AS A SELECTION CRITERION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN TWO SPRING WHEAT CROSSES GROWN AT TWO POPULATION DENSITIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Population Densities

The use of harvest index as a selection criterion for grain yield in F2 populations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at two population densities was investigated. Harvest index was useful in delineating yield differences between lines for both crosses. The F4 lines selected in F2 for a high harvest index yielded about 9% more per plot in 1978 than F4 lines having a low harvest index in F2. Generally, lines selected at the higher commercial seeding rate yielded more than lines selected at the lower plant density. In 1979, a heavy Fusarium infection reduced the mean grain yield of the F6 lines and suppressed any significant response to selection resulting from population density and harvest index in F2. While selection based on high harvest index at low population density can be used to select higher yielding plants it was not as effective as selection at high population density which more closely approximates commercial crop densities. Additional research is needed before the use of harvest index as a selection tool in wheat breeding programs can be recommended for use in Atlantic Canada.

scholarly journals Correlation and path coefficient analysis among yield and yield attributing traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Koshraj Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Positive Direct

To assess correlation and to find out the direct and indirect effect of yield attributing traits on grain yield, thirty wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were experimented at Kamalamai-04, Phant, of Sindhuli district, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in alpha-lattice design with three replications. Thirteen quantitative traits including grain yield of wheat were studied during this study. The grain yield of wheat has significant (P≤0.01) and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with number of spikes per meter (0.6**, 0.47**), grains per spike (0.69**, 0.65**), weight of grains per spike (0.69**, 0.61**), thousand kernel weight (0.87**, 0.74**), maturity days (0.5*, 0.47**), above ground mass yield (0.96**, 0.83**) and  harvest index (0.93**, 0.64**) of wheat. The genotypic correlation is higher in magnitude than the phenotypic correlation for almost all the studied traits. Path analysis of genotypic correlation showed a high positive direct effect of plant height (0.75), above ground biomass (0.6), spike length (0.43), and harvest index (0.29) on grain yield of wheat. Hence, for increasing yield of wheat in the breeding program, selection and hybridization can be made more effective and accurate by using those a significant positive correlation coefficient and direct effect on the grain yield of wheat.

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON GRAIN YIELD, STRAW YIELD AND HARVEST INDEX OF EIGHT SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Rate Interaction

Eight cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were evaluated at seeding rates of 110, 270 and 430 seeds/m2 in a total of nine experiments spanning three locations, two dates of seeding and 2 yr. Grain yield exhibited a significant cultivar × experiment × linear response to seeding rate interaction. Grain yield of Pitic 62 showed a significant decrease with increased seeding rate in one experiment while giving the greatest increase in another. Over all experiments, the highest seeding rate gave the highest grain yield. For straw yield, Chester showed the greatest response to seed rate, Canuck the least. With the exception of Canuck, which showed a significant increase in harvest index with increased seeding rate, harvest index tended to be greater at the intermediate seeding rate.

scholarly journals An Estimate of Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Grain Yield and Yield Components in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ranjana Jaiswal ◽  
S. C. Gaur ◽  
Sunil K. Jaiswal ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation

Problem: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the principal cereal crops grown worldwide and one of the important staples of nearly 2.5 billion of world population. India ranks second position in terms of both in area and production after china. The substantial improvement in production is utmost necessary to feed the growing population. Objective: In India, wheat requirement by 2030 has been estimated at 100 million metric tons and to achieve this target, wheat production can be increased either through horizontal approach i.e. by the increasing area under cultivation or through vertical approach i.e. varietal/ hybrid improvement. For effective selection and utilization of superior genotype in the germplasm lines, knowledge of genetic parameters such as genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance is essential. Materials and Methods: The experimental material comprised of ten parents, their 45 F1s and 45 F2s developed by the crossing of 10 parents viz. HUW 510, HUW 234, HUW 468, UP 2338, HD 2402, RAJ 1972, HD 2329, LOK-1, SONALIKA and K 65 in half-diallel programme to study the fourteen characters. The final trial of F1, F2 including parents was conducted during Rabi 2014-15 with three replications employing Randomized Complete Block Design at Research Farm, BRDPG College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India. Result: Wider range of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was observed for all the traits in F1 generation ranged from 2.19 (days to 50% flowering) to 13.47 (leaf area index) while, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 1.50 (days to 50% flowering) to 11.28 (leaf area index). High heritability was observed in both F1 and F2 generation for leaf area index and day to maturity while, moderate to low level of heritability was recorded for other characters. The high value of genetic advance was not recorded in both F1 and F2 generation. Only moderate to the low value of genetic advance was observed for all the fourteen characters under study. Conclusion: Estimate of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation of fourteen characters in both generations reveals sufficient variability indicating ample scope for genetic improvement of these traits through selection. Moderate level of heritability accompanied with a moderate level of genetic advance was observed for plant height, leaf area index, days to maturity and grain yield per plant in both F1 and F2 generation indicates additive gene effect and selection may be effective.

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SEEDLING GROWTH, HEAD DEFORMATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

In field experiments at Charlottetown, P.E.I., five herbicides evaluated at two rates of application on eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed no effect on dry plant weight 20 days after treatment. Herbicide treatment with dicamba resulted in a greater number of deformed heads per plot compared with the untreated in 1980 and with all herbicides except diclofop-methyl in 1981. More deformed heads occurred with dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture at the higher rate of application in 1981 than with the other herbicides and the lower rate of application. All cultivars had more deformed heads than the untreated control when treated with 2,4-D, dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture in 1981. Neepawa and Dundas had more deformed heads than the other cultivars when treated with MCPA. Head deformation by herbicide treatment had no adverse effect on grain yield in this study.Key words: Spring wheat cultivars, herbicides, head deformation, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, diclofop-methyl

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using the Multivariate Analysis in Normal Irrigation and Drought Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Akhilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Mithilesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Priyanka Jaiswal ◽  
Aman Tigga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Cluster Distance

The present investigation was carried out in the fields located at wheat breeding section, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur and Bihar. The experimental materials of the study comprised of 39 diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. The genotypes were grown under two environments viz., drought stress (rainfed) and irrigated (well-watered). The experiment in each environment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Five plants were selected randomly from each plot for recording observations on traits viz., days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, flag leaf area, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, harvest index and grain yield per plant. Germination percentage and seed vigour index (SVI) were recorded in laboratory condition. The 39 genotypes of bread wheat were grouped into seven clusters using Tocher method in both drought stress and irrigated conditions. The genotypes in cluster III and cluster VI, due to maximum inter-cluster distance between them, exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity and thus may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants in drought stress condition. Similar inter varietal crosses may be attempted between genotypes in cluster III and IV and cluster III and V in a drought environment. The maximum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VI followed by cluster III and IV and cluster VI and VII in irrigated condition indicating the chances of getting high yielding recombinants would be better if the crosses are made among the genotypes of these groups. Cluster VI was suitable for grain yield, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, harvest index and chlorophyll content in both environment (drought and irrigated). Therefore, the selection of parents from this cluster for these traits would be effective. Under stress, the genotypes viz., GW 2007-80, WR 1872, NAIW-1607, NAIW-1342 and WR 1743 were found promising as indicated by low drought susceptibility index.

scholarly journals Study of genetic and phenotype correlations and heritability for twelve varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting under different environmental of Basrah

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
M. A. K. AL-Abody ◽  
W.A.J. Al-Sebahi ◽  
S.A.M. AL- Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Phenotypic Variations

"A field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons (2016-2017& 2017-2018) in three locations in Basrah Governorate: AL-Daire, the Qurna site and the location of the ALMadina (Marsh areas), to analysis of genetic stability of wheat cultivars and identify the high stability of grain yield. The experiment included twelve cultivars of wheat (Abu Graib-3, Fatih, Rasheed, Furat, Latifih, Tammoz-2, Baraka, IPA -95 and IBA -99, Bhooth-10, Bhooth22 and Bhooth-158). Grain yield showed a positive and highly significant genetic correlation with the characteristics of flag leaf area, the spike length, the tillernumber, the spike efficiency, the number of spike, and number of seed per spike of 0.498, 0.523, 0.698, 0.598, 0.702 and 0.693 respectively. The grain yield showed a positive and highly significant phenotypic correlation with the characteristics flag leaf area, the length of the spike, the number of tillers, spike fficiency, the number of spike and the number of spike grains of 0.506, 0.579, 0.786, 0.671, 0.801 and 0.763 respectively. The genetic environmental and phenotypic variations of cereal yield varied from 0.295, 0.064 and 0.359 respectively. The highest percentage of the heritability in the broad sense reached 94.572% in the number of days from planting up to 50% of spikes, while the harvest index registered the lowest the percentage reached 39.401%, and the grain yield gavin percentage of 82.172%."

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Dates and Varieties on Yield and Quality Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
A K Dhaka ◽  
Bhagat Singh ◽  
Axay Bhuker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at wheat research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to study the effect of sowing dates and varieties on yield and quality performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications containing four sowing dates viz. 5th November, 25th November, 15th December and 5th January as main plot treatments and seven wheat varieties i.e. HS 562, HD 2967, HD 3086, HI 1544, MACS 6222, WR 544 and WH 1105 as sub plot treatments. On the basis of one year study it was concluded that among sowing dates, 5th November sowing is the most economical and suitable than rest of the sowing dates. 5th November sown crop recorded significantly longer spike (11.7 cm), higher number of effective tillers (98.3 per mrl), grains per spike (48.6), test weight (39.9 g), grain appearance score (8.3), hectoliter weight (82.9 kg/hl), grain yield (5432 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39.0%) compared to rest of the sowing dates, while highest protein content (12.9 %) was observed with 5th January sown crop. Maximum net return (Rs.54, 262 ha-1) and B: C (1.73) were recorded with 5th November sowing. Among the varieties, HI 1544 recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers (94.6 per mrl), grains per spike (48.4), test weight (38.6 g), grain yield (4920 kg ha-1) harvest index (39.2), grain appearance score (8.1) and hectoliter weight (82.0 kg/hl), while variety WH 1105 resulted in longer spike (11.5 cm) and WR 544 in higher protein content (12.6 %) as compared to rest of the varieties. While comparing the interaction of varieties with date of sowing, HI 1544 produced significantly higher grain higher yield (6007 kg ha-1) of wheat sown at 5th November which was statistically at par with WH 1105 (5833 kg ha-1) and HD 3086 (5616 kg ha-1) at same date of sowing. Delayed sowing of HI 1544 from 5th November to 25th November reduced the grain yield by 9.1 per cent; to 15th of December by 21.0 per cent and to 5th January by 42.3 per cent.

scholarly journals EVALUATION BREAD WHEAT PURE LINES UNDER EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEEDING RATES

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baktash & Naes
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Pure Lines

This research was carried out at the Swerah Research Station –Office of Agricultural Researches during  2014-2015 seasons. The objective of this research was evaluation bread wheat  (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes ,which concluded 15 pure lines in seventh generation, which developed by half dialld method between 6 parents ,The experiment was conducted using split plot arrangement with RCBD design with three replicates ,The main plots content four seeding rates (120, 160, 200 and 240 kg.ha-1 ), while the 21 genotypes occupied sub plots .The two pure lines S97 and S148 superoired to all other genotypes except A4.10 and Abu-Ghraib  in grain yield which, produced 6.35 and 6.09 t.ha-1 .Increasing seeding rates caused early flowering, increased plant height, biological yield and harvest index. Significant differences were found in all the studied characters due to genotypes and seeding rates interaction. The pure line S148 ,using 200 kg.ha-1 seeding rates produced highest grain yield (7.49 t.ha-1).

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Character Associations for Yield and Its Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Kumar ◽  
Pooran Chand ◽  
Ravi Singh Thapa ◽  
Tejbir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Late Sowing

Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) an important self-pollinated and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) cereal crop belongs to the grass family Gramineae (Poaceae). With the gradual increase in human population, there is a substantial increase in the demands for food requirements. Hence, increasing the wheat production is an important goal to overcome the demand of food. The only alternative is to increase productivity by better crop management techniques and introduction of high yielding varieties. The current study aimed to study the genetic diversity in wheat genotypes for further selection and utilization in breeding programmes and identification of transgressive segregants for genetic improvement in wheat crop. Methods: In the field investigation during 2017-2019, forty genotypes were evaluated at research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kisan P.G. College, Simbhaoli, Hapur (U.P). The observations were recorded on five randomly selected competitive plants from each genotype in each replication and recorded data from each replication was subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Significant differences were observed for all the characters studied in both environments (early and late). Highest GCV and PCV were recorded for flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant and grain yield in both environments. Plant height, days to 50% heading and grain yield in early sowing and for plant height, gluten content and grain yield exhibited high heritability estimates in late sowing. Biological yield and harvest index showed positive and significant association with grain yield under both environments. Biological yield and harvest index have positive and direct effect on grain yield in both environments. Forty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters in early sowing and six clusters in late sowing. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters VI and IV in early sowing and between cluster III and II in Late sowing. Genotypes PBW-34 showed wide genetic diversity in both the environments (early and late sowing). Based on the divergence studies it is suggested that maximum heterosis and good recombinants could be obtained in crosses between the genotypes of clusters which showed highest inter cluster distance and these genotypes can be utilized in crop improvement programmes.

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