The comparative nutritive value for weaner sheep of stubble and grain of pea, vetch and lupin crops

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
SR Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Wheat Chaff ◽  
Linear Regressions

Weaner Merino wethers were used in three experiments to compare the nutritive value of lupin, pea and vetch grains and stubbles. In the first experiment, grain was offered either as the sole ration at 250 g day-1 or as a supplement of 0, 250 or 750 g day-1 to wheat chaff which was offered ad libitum. The grains were pea, vetch, lupin, barley and a 311 mixture of barley and lupin. The mixed grain was not offered as the sole ration, nor was barley offered as a supplement at more than 250 g day-1. There were only small differences in the nutritive value of the grains. The sheep ate less chaff when offered lupin or barley plus lupin grain than when offered pea or vetch grain. However, because the digestibility of the diets was higher with lupins, digestible organic matter intakes were similar within a level of feeding for the three legume grains. Substitution of barley for 75% of the lupins resulted in a lower intake of digestible organic matter than occurred with 100% lupins. In the second and third experiments the three legume grains were offered at 160 and 500 g day-1 respectively, in combinations with chaff of lupin, pea or vetch stubble offered ad libitum. Some differences in the value of the chaffs were found, but the grains had similar nutritive values when offered with any particular chaff. There were significant linear regressions between digestible organic matter intakes and liveweight gain, which were similar for the three experiments, with no differences between type of grain or type of chaff.

The quality factor in feeding stuffs

1933 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alan Murray
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Gross Energy

SummaryNutritive values can be resolved into two factors-quantity and quality. The former is represented by the gross energy and the latter by the coefficient of availability (D/T – 0·35), where T is total and D digestible organic matter.In the natural, vegetable feeding stuffs the gross energy of the total organic matter is practically the same in all cases except those which are peculiarly rich in oil and protein (cakes, etc.). The coefficient may therefore be applied directly to the total organic matter and, subject to a correction in the case of cakes, nutritive values may be expressed in terms of available organic matter (D–0·35T). These terms may be translated into energy values or starch equivalents by simple multiplication.The method is simple and illuminating. It shows that the nutritive value of the total organic matter depends almost entirely upon its digestibility and, except in the case of cakes, only to a negligible extent upon its chemical composition. Nutritive value is not proportional to digestibility but a linear function of the same, and in substances of low digestibility, slight change in digestibility may cause manifold alteration in nutritive value.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation affects nutritive value of long-established tame forages

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
S. B. M. Wright ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
P. Curry ◽  
L. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Site

Rejuvenation of forage stands is probably the most economic and practical method to improve production and quality of forage stands. Animal data are ultimately needed to validate the viability of the rejuvenation technique. This study determined animal responses to changes in forage nutrient composition following three methods of rejuvenation. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay was harvested from rejuvenated plots on Black Chernozemic and Gray Luvisolic soils in Saskatchewan and fed to 24 ram lambs. The hay was harvested at two stages of maturity from plots that underwent the following rejuvenation techniques, selected to provide a range of responses: deep-banded liquid plus broadcast granular fertilizer (providing 200 kg N ha-1, 90 kg P2O5 ha-1, 46 kg K2O ha-1, 24 kg S ha-1), spring burn, and control. As maturity advanced, digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) (g d-1 kg-0.75) decreased (P < 0.05) for all diets harvested from burn and fertilizer plots. DMI (g d-1) and DOMI were always greater (P < 0.05) for hay (both early or late harvest) from the rejuvenated plots than from control plots. Grass-legume hay harvested early from spring burn treatment from the Gray Luvi solic soil site had a greater (P < 0.05) voluntary intake, (85.4 g d-1 kg-0.75) as compared with forage from control plots (76.2 g d-1 kg-0.75). Apparent digestibilities of DM and organic matter were greater (P < 0.01) for early harvested forage from control plots at the Gray Luvisolic soil site than early harvested hay from the fertilized plots. Metabolizable energy content was higher (P < 0.05) for early harvested hay from burn and fertilized plots at the Black soil site than hay from control plots. These results suggest that existing forage species, if harvested early, can be responsive to rejuvenation, resulting in improved animal performance. Key words: Rejuvenation, fertilizer, burn, lamb, grass-legume hay

Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Heather J Black ◽  
D H B Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

Effects of duration of introductory feeding and barley content of pelleted diets on the feed intake and liveweight of export sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Round
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum

The liveweights and feed intakes of 409 adult wethers, from 2 pastoral sources, were measured in an experiment that simulated the assembly and shipping stages of the export of live sheep. The sheep were held separately with 17 wethers per group, and were introduced in outdoor yards to pelleted diets containing 0, 25 or 50% barley for either 5 or 9 days (adaptation) during which time lucerne hay or oaten hay were also fed. The wethers were then housed in intensive indoor pens (0.33 m21wether) for 14 days and fed the pelleted diets ad libitum without hay. During indoor feeding, wethers fed pellets containing 50% barley ate less pellets than did other sheep (1127 v. 1376 g DM/day, s.e.m. = 25.2, P<0.001). They had similar intakes of digestible organic matter (DOM) (732 v. 757 g/day, s.e.m. = 15.6), but lost more liveweight than did other sheep (- 1.88 v. -0.54 kg, s.e.m. = 0.200, P< 0.001). Increasing adaptation from 5 to 9 days significantly reduced the liveweight loss of wethers fed the diets containing 0% (-1.22 v. -0.20 kg, s.e.m. =0.283, P<0.05) and 25% barley (-1.35 v. 0.63 kg, s.e.m. = 0.283, P< 0.001) but had no effect on wethers fed diets containing 50% barley. Wethers fed lucerne hay during adaptation lost less liveweight indoors than wethers fed oaten hay (-0.66 v. -1.31 kg, s.e.m. = 0.163, P<0.01). Wethers fed lucerne for 9 days tended (P< 0.06) to eat more pellets indoors than other sheep (1386 v. 1262 kg, s.e.m. = 17.9). The wethers had an estimated intake of 37.9 g digestible organic matter/kg0.75 liveweight, which greatly exceeded expected requirements for maintenance and may be partly due to stress associated with intensive housing of the wethers.

Lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds as supplements for sheep fed low quality roughage

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
R. M. Dixon ◽  
E. S. Garcia ◽  
J. A. Domingo ◽  
J. H. G. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Synthetic Fibre ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum

Summary. The seeds of lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were investigated as supplements for young sheep. In experiment 1, rumen-cannulated sheep were offered low quality roughage ad libitum alone or supplemented with about 5, 10 or 20 g/kg liveweight whole lupin or lablab seed. Rumen ammonia concentrations were increased by each level of both supplements, and the increases were greater with lupins than with lablab. The pH of rumen fluid was decreased by both supplements, particularly when the higher levels were fed. Dry matter of broken seeds of both legume species rapidly disappeared from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. Roughage dry matter disappearance from synthetic fibre bags decreased (P<0.05) when 20 g/kg liveweight lupins was fed, and this level of both supplements reduced (P<0.05) roughage intake. Total dry matter intake was increased more by lablab than by lupins, but dry matter and organic matter digestibility tended to be increased to a lesser extent by lablab. Overall, digestible organic matter intake and liveweight gain were increased to similar extents by both supplements. Wool growth was lower (P<0.05) with lablab than lupins, particularly at the highest level of supplementation, suggesting that availability of some amino acids was lower with lablab supplement. In experiment 2, rumen-cannulated sheep were fed low quality roughage ad libitum and supplemented with about 10 g/kg liveweight of either lupin or lablab seed. Lectins and protease inhibitors present in the lablab seed disappeared rapidly from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. In conclusion the nutritional value of lablab seed as a supplement for sheep fed low quality roughage was similar to that of lupin seed for liveweight gain, but was lower for wool growth.

Effects of substitution of barley with citrus pulp on diet digestibility and intake and production of lactating ewes offered mixed diets based on ammonia-treated barley straw

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castrillo ◽  
A. Barrios-Urdaneta ◽  
M. Fondevila ◽  
J. Balcells ◽  
J. A. Guada
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Lamb Growth

AbstractTwenty-eight lactating ewes (mean 48 (s.e. 0·37) kg live weight) were used from days 12 to 52 after lambing to evaluate the effects on digestibility and production performance of replacing barley grain with citrus pulp in diets based on ammonia-treated barley straw. Concentrates included 0·82 to 0·83 of different barley to citrus pulp proportions: 100: 0 (T1); 66: 33 (T2); 33: 66 (T3) and 0: 100 (T4), 0·115 of soya-bean meal, and urea to make diets isonitrogenous. Ewes were adapted to a common diet for 11 days after lambing, and then were given 850 g/day of each experimental concentrate together with 850 g/day of chopped barley straw for 14 days and milk production and lamb growth were recorded. During the following 14 days ewes received the same amount of concentrate but the straw was offered ad libitum and straw intake was recorded as well as milk production and lamb growth. After completing both periods, four ewes per treatment were used for total collections of faeces and urine. Apparent digestibility of organic matter and neutral-detergent fibre increased linearly (P < 0·05) with increasing levels of citrus pulp although no differences were found in the digestible organic matter content of dry matter of diets because of differences in ash content. Urinary excretion of allantoin and purine derivatives per unit of digestible organic matter intake tended to decrease with increasing inclusion of citrus pulp (proportionately by 0·15), suggesting a decrease in microbial protein synthesis, though this effect was not significant (P > 0·05). Faecal excretion of purine bases also decreased (P < 0·05) as citrus pulp inclusion increased. No treatment effect (P > 0·05) on ewe live weight, milk composition or serum glucose and 3–OH butyrate was observed when a 1: 1 straw to concentrate ratio was given, but milk production and lamb daily gain decreased linearly (P < 0·05) with increased proportions of citrus pulp in the concentrate. Similar responses were detected when straw was given ad libitum and differences among treatments in terms of straw intake were not identified. It is concluded that a lower microbial protein flow might explain in part the reduction in milk production observed when barley was replaced with citrus pulp.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STAGE OF MATURITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF KOCHIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
J. A. KERNAN ◽  
E. C. COXWORTH ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein

A trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value for sheep of kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad) grown on saline soil and harvested at the early seed stage and the full bloom stage of maturity. There was a significant decrease in digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) with increasing kochia maturity (31.6 vs. 23.2 g DOMI kg−0.75 (SE = 0.6; P < 0.05) and 4.22 vs. 1.41 g DCPI kg−0.75 (SE < 0.001; P < 0.05)). Early cut kochia appears to be at least equivalent in digestible energy to alfalfa, but lower in digestible protein. Key words: Kochia, maturity, nutritive value, sheep

scholarly journals The nutritive value of silages Digestion of organic matter, gross energy and carbohydrate constituents in the rumen and intestines of sheep receiving diets of grass silage or grass silage and barley

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Thomas ◽  
N. C. Kelly ◽  
D. G. Chamberlain ◽  
M. K. Wait
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Two experiments were conducted to study the digestion of organic matter, gross energy and carbohydrate constituents in the rumen, small intestine and caecum and colon of sheep given grass silage diets. Three silages made from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with formic acid as an additive were used. One was made from first-harvest grass in the spring and the others from regrowth grass cut from a single sward in either early autumn or late autumn. Expt I involved a comparison between the spring silage given alone or supplemented with barley (silage:barley, 4:I dry matter (DM) basis). Expt 2 involved a comparison between the early-cut and late-cut autumn silages.In Expt I, supplementation of the silage with barley resulted in a non-significant (P > 0.05) reduction in the proportion of digestible energy (DE) and digestible organic matter digested in the rumen and an increase in the proportions digested in the small intestine. There were also pronounced effects of barley on ruminal cellulolysis and the proportion of digestible cellulose broken down in the rumen was reduced (P < 0.05) from 0.90 to 0.77. There was an increased passage of α-linked glucose polymers to the duodenum but even with the supplemented diet 0.91 of the dietary polymers were digested in the rumen. The molar proportion of propionic acid in the rumen tended to be reduced and there were increases in the proportions of butyric acid (P < 0.01) and acetic acid.In Expt 2, the digestibility of organic matter, gross energy and cellulose in the early-cut silage was higher (P < 0.01) than in the late-cut silage but there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences between silages in the sites of digestion of these constituents. However, the molar proportion of acetic acid in the rumen was higher (P < 0.01) and the molar proportion of propionic acid was lower (P < 0.01) with the late-cut silage than with the early-cut silage.The results are discussed in relation to the voluntary intake and utilization of high-digestibility silages.

The performance of early-weaned calves offered a high dry-matter silage supplemented with concentrates or dried grass

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYIn two experiments a high dry-matter silage (36·8% DM) was offered ad libitum, together with a supplement of a conventional concentrate or cobs of dried grass, to young British Friesian castrated male (steer) calves. The silage was readily acceptable to the calves and was preferred to the dried grass. Intakes of silage DM were significantly higher (P<0·001) when supplemented with dried grass than when supplemented with concentrates, but daily gains were significantly (P<0·001) lower by 0·15 kg. The lower daily gains supported by the silage/dried grass diet were related to lower intakes of digestible organic matter (DOM); efficiency of utilization of silage/dried grass DOM was similar to that of concentrate/silage DOM. The results are discussed in relation to recommended levels of production for calves in a semi-intensive beef system.

Nutritive value of alkali-treated wheaten straw fed to sheep with supplements of either lupins or barley and urea

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Valentine ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Untreated straw and alkali-treated straw were prepared by spraying long wheaten straw in windrows with water or a 6.6% (w/v) solution of sodium hydroxide to give a concentration of sodium hydroxide of 7g per 100 g straw. Merino wethers were fed the straws ad libitum with or without a supplement of either lupins or a mixture of barley and urea. The in vivo organic matter digestibilities (%) of the alkali-treated straw diets supplemented with lupins (61.3) or barley and urea (59.3) were greater (P<0.05) than those of the untreated straw diets supplemented with lupins (54.6) or barley and urea (55.7). The intakes of dry matter (g day-1) and digestible energy (MJ day-1), respectively, were greater (P<0.01) for the sheep offered alkali-treated straw supplemented with lupins (769, 7.7) or barley and urea (847,7.9) than for those offered untreated straw supplemented with lupins (598, 5.4) or barley and urea (639, 5.9). Sheep offered the supplemented alkali-treated straw diets produced 39% more wool and lost less (P<0.05) liveweight than sheep offered the supplemented untreated straw diets. Retention of nitrogen (g day-1) by sheep was greater (P<0.01) when the alkali-treated and untreated straws, respectively, were supplemented with barley and urea (3.6, 2.8) than with lupins (1-9, 0.9). It is concluded that a more effective method of application of sodium hydroxide must be developed if treatment of straw with sodium hydroxide is to become a routine and economic technique for use on southern Australian farms.

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