Distribution of magnesium in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in relation to supply

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Supply Current

The objectives of this study were to examine Mg distribution in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), to identify an appropriate tissue for diagnosis of deficiency and to establish minimum tissue concentrations associated with maximum plant growth. Plants were grown in solution culture with both discontinued (40 8M and 160 8M reduced to nil) and constant supply (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 8M Mg). Magnesium was depleted from old leaves when Mg supply to the roots was interrupted. However, deficiency symptoms occurred first on the young tissue under these conditions. Under constant but inadequate supply, initial deficiency symptoms occurred in old tissue. Symptoms in leaves were associated with Mg concentrations in the leaf of < 1046 8g g-1 with constant root supply and 586 8g g-1 when supply was interrupted. At luxury constant supply, concentrations of Mg tended to be higher in the older leaves than in the young leaves; the reverse occurred with inadequate supply. Tissue choice for diagnosis was not critical, but the minimum Mg concentration in tissue commensurate with maximum shoot growth varied from 740 8g g-1 for the unifoliate leaf to 1310 8g g-1 in the youngest open leaf (YOL), when plants were grown under constant Mg supply. Current supply of Mg to roots was reflected more rapidly in the concentrations in young leaf than in old leaf tissue.

Translocation of Manganese in Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. Cv. Seaton Park) I. Redistribution During Vegetative Growth

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Nable ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
No Net Loss ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The mobility of manganese from old leaves and cotyledons during vegetative growth has been examined by following manganese content and radioactive manganese redistribution in parts of subterranean clover plants grown into manganese deficiency. In plants transferred from nutrient solutions with 1 �M Mn2+ to solutions without Mn2+, the amount of manganese in the roots decreased markedly. During the same period there was no net loss of manganese from cotyledons and old leaves, although plants developed severe manganese deficiency symptoms in young leaves. Old leaves of plants given an early supply of 54Mn lost no 54Mn when the plants were transferred to non-radioactive solutions without manganese for 14 days. Silicon, which is known to influence the distribution of manganese within leaves of some plants, had no effect on the loss of total manganese or 54Mn from old leaves. Detached green, mature leaves lost 40% of their manganese within 24 h when aerated in water. If leaching by rain removes substantial amounts of manganese from leaves of plants grown in the field, this may account for reports of manganese mobility in plant phloem. The present results establish that manganese is not mobile in the phloem of subterranean clover plants during vegetative growth.

Nutrient problems in sown pasture on an acid soil. 2. Role of lime and superphosphate

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (106) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium

A study was made of the role of superphosphate and lime on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) production on an infertile acid soil in pot culture. Both fertilizers increased the exchangeable calcium in this deficient soil. Lime and superphosphate were involved in nodulation of the clover plants. There was no evidence of the direct involvement of either of them in the nitrogen fixation process, but they did increase nitrogen uptake by the plants. Once the legume functioned adequately, full expression of the yield response to phosphorus on this deficient soil followed. Most efficient phosphorus use occurred at the lime 1255, superphosphate 2000 kg ha-1 level (lime 1/2, P 16). Heavy lime dressing reduced exchangeable magnesium and the phosphorus available to the plant. Aluminium and pH were involved in the effects observed. Lime reduced CaCl2-extractable aluminium and the titratable acidity in the soil. Phosphate increased the CaCl2-extractable aluminium and apparently reduced the titratable aluminium. The combined treatments reduced these three attributes and promoted increased plant growth. Increased plant growth was associated with increased aluminium uptake by the plants, which suggests that the real effect of aluminium may have been on the calcium and phosphorus uptake by the plants, rather than on the toxic nature of the element itself.

scholarly journals Mineral-Deficiency Symptoms Displayed by Rice Plants Grown Under Controlled Conditions in the Greenhouse

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
Héctor R. Cibes ◽  
Socorro Gaztambide
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Mineral Deficiency ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Missing Element

Deficiency symptoms were induced by the omission of macro- and micronutrient elements on rice plants of the Sinaloa variety grown in solution culture in the greenhouse. The elements included in the study were N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn and B. The omission of N, K and Fe from the nutrient medium resulted in the poorest top growth of plants. The lowest values of either fresh or dry weight of roots were caused by lack of K. Omission of Ca, S, Mg, B and Mn treatments also caused the development of poor root systems. Lack of P was the least detrimental. Except for S and Fe, the concentration of the particular missing element in the leaf tissues was lower in plants from each deficiency treatment than in the control plants. Leaf analysis indicates that the absence of one element from the nutrient medium could cause either a reduction or an increase of other related elements in the leaf tissue.

Effects of early defoliation on the seedling growth of subterranean clover

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Plant Densities

Two experiments were conducted in an open-sided glass shelter at Perth during winter. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum, L.) seedlings were grown in shallow seed boxes at low plant densities, 2 4 and 2 0 plants/dm2. The effects of a single defoliation involving mainly the removal of cotyledons only, on shoot growth and leaf production were measured at harvest, c. 5 weeks after sowing. Total shoot dry weights were reduced by 15-30% when 40-60% of the leaf area was removed by single defoliations from days 7 to 19 after planting. However, the growth was reduced by almost 70% when both cotyledons were removed (days 7 to 9) before emergence of the unifoliate leaf, i.e. when all of the leaf area was removed. In general, the relative reduction in growth largely depended on the percentage of leaf area removed, rather than on time of removal. Defoliation also reduced the size of trifoliate leaves, and total numbers of trifoliate leaves at harvest. There was a linear relationship between total leaf numbers and shoot dry weights. In the field, these findings are probably of more relevance in terms of insect damage, especially from redlegged earth mites, than for grazing by sheep.

Tolerance of Trifolium subterraneum cultivars to low pH

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Kim ◽  
DG Edwards ◽  
CJ Asher
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Eleven cultivars of Trifolium subterraneum and Trifolium semipilosum cv. Safari were grown with adequate combined nitrogen for 27 days in flowing solution culture with controlled nutrient concentrations at constant pH values ranging from 3.5 to 6.5. A solution pH of 3.5 was lethal to all cultivars, but growth was in all cases vigorous at pH 4.0 (RGR 15.2-16.9 g 100 g-1 day-1). There were no significant effects of pH over the range of 4.0-6.5 on the yield of any clover cultivar. The results are discussed in relation to an earlier study suggesting greater tolerance of subterranean clover to pH values below 4.0. Phosphorus toxicity symptoms developed in all subterranean clover cultivars with the intensity of symptom development increasing with solution pH from 4.5 to 6.5. The concentration of phosphorus in the older leaves decreased as the solution pH was increased from 4.0 to 4.5, and then increased with further increase in pH, reaching values = 1.0%. Rates of phosphorus absorption followed a similar pattern of response to solution pH. Results are discussed with reference to previously reported effects of pH on phosphorus uptake.

scholarly journals The Potential of Enriched Fertilization in Overcoming Nutritional Deficiency in Grafted Melons

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menahem Edelstein ◽  
Roni Cohen ◽  
Meital Elkabetz ◽  
Shimon Pivonia ◽  
Ami Maduel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Arava Valley

Melon plants grafted on Cucurbita rootstock may suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to reduced absorption and translocation of minerals to the foliage. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. 6023 was grafted onto two interspecific Cucurbita rootstocks (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) ‘TZ-148’ and ‘Gad’. Nongrafted melons were used as controls. Two fertilization field experiments were conducted in walk-in tunnels in the northern Arava valley of southern Israel. Two fertigation regimes were used: 1) standard and 2) enriched for magnesium (Mg; 150 mg·L−1), manganese (Mn; 7.5 mg·L−1), and zinc (Zn; 0.75 mg·L−1) to increase the concentrations of the lacking elements. The enriched fertigation significantly increased Mn, Zn, and Mg contents in the leaf tissue. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), iron (Fe), and boron (B) were unaffected by the enriched fertilizer. There were no deficiency symptoms in grafted plants supplied with the enriched fertilizer.

scholarly journals Some Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms Displayed by Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' under Greenhouse Conditions and Their Subsequent Effects on Leaf Nutrient Content

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Saulo J. Rodríguez ◽  
Héctor R. Cibes ◽  
Jaime González-Ibañez
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
White Band ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Necrotic Spots

Thirty well-rooted cuttings of Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' Engler, were grown in 3-gal porcelain crocks using a solution culture method, with differential treatments consisting of solutions deficient in either N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Mn or B. An extra set of plants received a complete nutrient solution for comparison. By the end of the experiment, characteristic deficiency symptoms of only N, P, Ca, and Fe developed as follows: A lack of N induced a reduction in top growth and a pale green foliage. Younger leaves tended to be long and narrow with wavy margins. They also developed black spots along the typical white band near the margin. The root system of such plants was abundant and fibrous. New suckers were weak and few. Phosphorus deficiency was characterized by a rosettelike arrangement of the younger leaves. Necrotic spots like the ones developed under N deficiency were also present. These eventually broke down giving the leaves a ragged appearance. Margin serration occurred in the younger leaves, specially in the basal portions. On the other hand, the mature leaves developed numerous rustlike pustules. New shoots were deep green in color and few in number. Growth of plants lacking Ca was drastically reduced. Young, as well as recently mature leaves, were affected by severe marginal serration. As the deficiency became more acute, numerous brown spots appeared along the margins of older leaves. As they increased in size, they progressed either toward the tips or the mid rib, finally involving the whole lamina. Rustlike pustules similar to those exhibited by the minus-P plants also were present in some of the oldest leaves of plants lacking Ca. New shoots looked weak with blackish leaflets Fe-deficient plants manifested a severe chlorosis, which appeared early in the young leaves. Some of the chlorotic leaves developed necrotic spots along the basal portion. As they increased in size the whole leaf was invaded. The concentration of the particular missing element in the leaf tissues was lower in plants grown with the element withheld than in the controls.

The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. I. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum and Trifolium yanninicum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Pasture Legumes

Three cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cvv. Woogenellup, Nungarin; Trifolium yanninicum cv. Trikkala) were grown on three copper-deficient soil types at seven rates of copper, applied at sowing, to determine their vegetative and seed yield response to copper fertilizer.On two soil types, symptoms of copper deficiency were apparent where no copper was supplied. On the third, symptoms appeared only in one season, after the site was waterlogged. On the three soil types, the symptoms disappeared when 0.125 kg Cu/ha was applied at sowing. although at this rate vegetative and seed yields were reduced by as much as 44% and 59% respectively.The proposed critical concentration range in youngest open leaf tissue for both diagnosing maximum vegetative dry matter and predicting maximum seed yield is 3.0-4.5 mg Cu/kg for Woogenellup and Nungarin subterranean clover. Trikkala subterranean clover had higher critical concentration ranges for diagnosing maximum vegetative dry matter (4.0-6.0 mg Culkg) and predicting maximum seed yield (4.5-7.0 mg Cu/kg). It was not clear whether this difference was due to a higher internal requirement for copper of Trikkala or overlying environmental conditions affecting the external copper supply at the time of sampling.For whole top tissue (WT), there was no difference in the critical concentration range between the three cultivars for diagnosing maximum vegetative yield (3.0-4.0 mg Cu/kg). However, the critical concentration in WT for predicting maximum seed yield was higher for Trikkala (5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg) than Woogenellup and Nungarin (3.5-4.5 mg Cu/kg). In the pasture situation, a critical concentration of 5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg in the WT should be adopted when animal requirement is considered.Seed copper concentration for predicting maximum seed or vegetative yield was not a reliable indicator of copper status of subterranean clover.

Humidity, free water and light in relation to development of Kabatiella caulivora (Kirchn.) Karak in Trifolium subterraneum L. cv.Yarloo

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
K Helms
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Control

The effects of moisture conditions on disease development and plant growth were examined in subterranean clover plants which were inoculated with K. caulivora 4 weeks after sowing and were maintained after inoculation at 20°C and with a light intensity of 2000 f.c. In plants which received 100% relative humidity (RH) with free water on leaves, for at least 4 days after inoculation, 15–20% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. In plants which received continuously 90% RH with free water on leaves, or 100% RH without free water on leaves, less than 1.5% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. There was no evidence of spread of infection in plants maintained for 11 or 25 days after inoculation. The effects of light intensities of 2000, 500 and 125 f.c. on disease development and plant growth were examined in plants which received 100% RH with free water on leaves and were grown for 25 days after inoculation, either in simulated swards or in standard pots. In most treatments a reduction in light intensity from 2000 to 500 f.c. reduced the growth of plants but had no effect on the percentage of diseased leaves, whereas a reduction in light intensity from 500 to 125 f.c. reduced growth and increased the percentage of diseased leaves of plants grown in swards from 30 to 70% and in standard pots from 10 to 35%. There were mortalities among both inoculated and control plants grown under 125 f.c. : in swards, 80–90% of inoculated plants and 30–40% of control plants died, whereas in standard pots 20–30% of inoculated plants and only occasional control plants died. The data show that environmental conditions favourable for the development of the disease were unfavourable for growth of control plants.

Corrigendum - Humidity, free water and light in relation to development of Kabatiella caulivora (Kirchn.) Karak in Trifolium subterraneum L. cv.Yarloo

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
K Helms
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Control

The effects of moisture conditions on disease development and plant growth were examined in subterranean clover plants which were inoculated with K. caulivora 4 weeks after sowing and were maintained after inoculation at 20°C and with a light intensity of 2000 f.c. In plants which received 100% relative humidity (RH) with free water on leaves, for at least 4 days after inoculation, 15–20% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. In plants which received continuously 90% RH with free water on leaves, or 100% RH without free water on leaves, less than 1.5% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. There was no evidence of spread of infection in plants maintained for 11 or 25 days after inoculation. The effects of light intensities of 2000, 500 and 125 f.c. on disease development and plant growth were examined in plants which received 100% RH with free water on leaves and were grown for 25 days after inoculation, either in simulated swards or in standard pots. In most treatments a reduction in light intensity from 2000 to 500 f.c. reduced the growth of plants but had no effect on the percentage of diseased leaves, whereas a reduction in light intensity from 500 to 125 f.c. reduced growth and increased the percentage of diseased leaves of plants grown in swards from 30 to 70% and in standard pots from 10 to 35%. There were mortalities among both inoculated and control plants grown under 125 f.c. : in swards, 80–90% of inoculated plants and 30–40% of control plants died, whereas in standard pots 20–30% of inoculated plants and only occasional control plants died. The data show that environmental conditions favourable for the development of the disease were unfavourable for growth of control plants.

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