Effect of nutrition on the response in ovulation rate in Merino ewes following short-term lupin supplementation and insulin administration

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Leury ◽  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Wheat Chaff

In experiment 1, groups of Merino ewes, 4-6 years old, were given daily wheat chaff 500 g plus vitamin and mineral supplements, or wheat chaff 800 g and pelleted feed containing lucerne, lupin and barley 350 g plus mineral and vitamin supplements. Diets provided 0.5 and 1.2 times maintenance requirements. On each plane of nutrition, lupins 750 g were given or not given 10 days before oestrus. In experiment 2, the same planes of nutrition were used and sheep were injected daily with insulin 15 IU, or left untreated. Ovulation rate increased in response to lupin feeding at both planes of nutrition. Exogenous insulin, given as a daily single injection did not increase ovulation rate.

scholarly journals Acute pre-operative ibuprofen improves cognition in a rat model for postoperative cognitive dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaske Oberman ◽  
Iris Hovens ◽  
Jacco de Haan ◽  
Joana Falcao-Salles ◽  
Barbara van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Abstract Background Inflammation is considered a key factor in the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Therefore, we hypothesized that pre-operative anti-inflammatory treatment with ibuprofen would inhibit POCD in our rat-model. Methods Male Wistar rats of 3 or 23 months old received a single injection of ibuprofen (15 mg/kg i.p.) or were control handled before abdominal surgery. Timed blood and fecal samples were collected for analyses of inflammation markers and gut microbiome changes. Behavioral testing was performed from 9 to 14 days after surgery, in the open field, novel object- and novel location-recognition tests and Morris water maze. Neuroinflammation and neurogenesis were assessed by immune histochemistry after sacrifice on postoperative day 14. Results Ibuprofen improved short-term spatial memory in the novel location recognition test, and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. However, these effects were associated with increased hippocampal microglia activity. Whereas plasma cytokine levels (IL1-β, IL6, IL10, and TNFα) were not significantly affected, VEGF levels increased and IFABP levels decreased after ibuprofen. Long-term memory in the Morris water maze was not significantly improved by ibuprofen. The gut microbiome was neither significantly affected by surgery nor by ibuprofen treatment. In general, effects in aged rats appeared similar to those in young rats, though less pronounced. Conclusion A single injection of ibuprofen before surgery improved hippocampus-associated short-term memory after surgery and increased neurogenesis. However, this favorable outcome seemed not attributable to inhibition of (neuro)inflammation. Potential contributions of intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity need further investigation. Although less pronounced compared to young rats, effects in aged rats indicate that even elderly individuals could benefit from ibuprofen treatment.

scholarly journals The use of a ‘first-wave’ model to study the effect of nutrition on ovarian follicular dynamics and ovulation rate in the sheep

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Viñoles ◽  
B Paganoni ◽  
K M M Glover ◽  
J T B Milton ◽  
D Blache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

We have developed an experimental model in which groups of ewes are simultaneously experiencing the first ovarian follicular wave of their oestrous cycle. We used this ‘first-wave model’ in a 2×2 factorial experiment (ten ewes per group) to study the effect of body condition (BC) and a short-term supplement on follicular dynamics and ovulation rate. The ‘first-wave’ was established by giving ewes three injections of prostaglandin (PG), 7 days apart. The 6-day supplement (lupin grain) began 2 days after the second PG injection and continued until the third. Follicles were studied by ultrasound, and blood was sampled to measure glucose and hormones. The supplement increased (P<0.01) the concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin, decreased FSH concentrations (P<0.01) and tended to increase oestradiol concentrations (P=0.06). The supplement tended to increase the number of 3 mm follicles (P=0.06). Compared with low-BC ewes, high-BC ewes had more follicular waves (P<0.05), higher concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF1 (P<0.05) and tended to have higher FSH concentrations (P=0.09). Leptin and insulin concentrations remained high until the end of supplementation in high-BC ewes, whereas they decreased after the third day of supplementation in low-BC ewes. In conclusion, high concentrations of metabolic hormones in fat ewes are associated with the development of more follicular waves. When a supplement is superimposed on this situation, changes in glucose and metabolic hormones allow more follicles to be selected to ovulate.

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Exogenous insulin does not increase muscle protein synthesis rate when administered systemically: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. R25-R34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Bart B L Groen ◽  
Henrike M Hamer ◽  
Lisette C P G M de Groot ◽  
Luc J C van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis Rate

BackgroundThough it is well appreciated that insulin plays an important role in the regulation of muscle protein metabolism, there is much discrepancy in the literature on the capacity of exogenous insulin administration to increase muscle protein synthesis ratesin vivoin humans.ObjectiveTo assess whether exogenous insulin administration increases muscle protein synthesis rates in young and older adults.DesignA systematic review of clinical trials was performed and the presence or absence of an increase in muscle protein synthesis rate was reported for each individual study arm. In a stepwise manner, multiple models were constructed that excluded study arms based on the following conditions: model 1, concurrent hyperaminoacidemia; model 2, insulin-induced hypoaminoacidemia; model 3, supraphysiological insulin concentrations; and model 4, older, more insulin resistant, subjects.ConclusionsFrom the presented data in the current systematic review, we conclude that: i) exogenous insulin and amino acid administration effectively increase muscle protein synthesis, but this effect is attributed to the hyperaminoacidemia; ii) exogenous insulin administered systemically induces hypoaminoacidemia which obviates any insulin-stimulatory effect on muscle protein synthesis; iii) exogenous insulin resulting in supraphysiological insulin levels exceeding 50 000 pmol/l may effectively augment muscle protein synthesis; iv) exogenous insulin may have a diminished effect on muscle protein synthesis in older adults due to age-related anabolic resistance; and v) exogenous insulin administered systemically does not increase muscle protein synthesis in healthy, young adults.

scholarly journals Regional Blockade of the Shoulder: Approaches and Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Bowens ◽  
Ramprasad Sripada
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Interscalene Block ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Continuous Interscalene ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Stimulation Technique ◽  
Present Understanding

The article reviews the current literature regarding shoulder anesthesia and analgesia. Techniques and outcomes are presented that summarize our present understanding of regional anesthesia for the shoulder. Shoulder procedures producing mild to moderate pain may be managed with a single-injection interscalene block. However, studies support that moderate to severe pain, lasting for several days is best managed with a continuous interscalene block. This may cause increased extremity numbness, but will provide greater analgesia, reduce supplemental opioid consumption, improve sleep quality and patient satisfaction. In comparison to the nerve stimulation technique, ultrasound can reduce the volume of local anesthetic needed to produce an effective interscalene block. However, it has not been shown that ultrasound offers a definitive benefit in preventing major complications. The evidence indicates that the suprascapular and/or axillary nerve blocks are not as effective as an interscalene block. However in patients who are not candidates for the interscalene block, these blocks may provide a useful alternative for short-term pain relief. There is substantial evidence showing that subacromial and intra-articular injections provide little clinical benefit for postoperative analgesia. Given that these injections may be associated with irreversible chondrotoxicity, the injections are not presently recommended.

Short-term Changes After Corticosteroid Injections Into the Normal Tendons of Rabbits: A Controlled Randomized Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandir Genesio Innocenti Dinhane ◽  
Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos ◽  
Alexandre Todorovic Fabro ◽  
Maria Regina Moretto ◽  
Igor Deprá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corticosteroid Injections

Background: Corticosteroid injections in or around tendons for the treatment of athletic injuries are a common practice among orthopaedic surgeons and are apparently efficacious in the short term, although controversies persist related to local complications. Purpose: This study evaluated short-term (48 hours) biomechanical, biochemical, and histological alterations after a single injection of betamethasone into the normal tendons of rabbits. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 72 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: the test group—in which 36 animals underwent 1 intratendinous injection of betamethasone (1.4 mg / 0.2 mL) in the right calcaneal tendon; the control group—in which the right calcaneal tendon of 36 animals was injected with saline (placebo control group) and the left calcaneal tendon was left untreated for normal standards (normal control). Forty-eight hours later, animals were euthanized and tendons were harvested. Metalloproteinase (MMP1 and MMP2) and interleukin (IL1 and IL6) expression levels, biomechanical resistance (load × elongation parameters), and histomorphometry (hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red stains for collagen fibers, tenocytes, and inflammatory cells) were analyzed in the tendons. Results: The test group had a significant reduction in MMP2 expression as compared with the control groups ( P = .027). Regarding the other parameters, there were no additional significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: A single injection of corticosteroid into normal calcaneal tendons did not trigger acute local morphological, structural, or biomechanical injuries at 48 hours, but it did promote a significant decrease in MMP2 levels. Additional studies are needed with increased duration of follow-up, various doses, and multiple injections and in tendinopathic models. Clinical Relevance: Some previous studies demonstrated early structural changes in tendons after a single corticosteroid injection, which was not corroborated by the present study. Metalloproteinase decrease is usually associated with a reduction in collagen degradation, which would be protective for the healing process. More studies are necessary to confirm the possible beneficial effect of these results in the long term and for tendinopathies.

scholarly journals Influence of Progesterone-Treatment Length and eCG Administration on Appearance of Estrus Behavior, Ovulatory Success and Fertility in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martinez-Ros ◽  
Alejandro Rios-Abellan ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Length ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Estrus Behavior

The present study characterizes, for sheep, the occurrence and timing of the onset of estrus behavior and ovulation and the yields obtained (ovulation rate, progesterone secretion, and fertility) after Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) insertion for five, six, seven, or fourteen days, with or without equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in ewes of the Segureña meat breed. All the treatments showed above 80% of females displaying estrus, but the onset of estrus was earlier and more synchronized when using eCG and, among groups with eCG, onset of estrus was earlier in the sheep treated for 14 days than in the short-term treatments (p < 0.05 for all). Administration of eCG after either short- or long-term treatments assured the occurrence of fertile ovulations in all the animals. Conversely, ovulatory success without eCG was found to be dependent on treatment length, with a high percentage of animals ovulating after five days of treatment (83.3%) and very low percentages after treatment for six or seven days (40% and 20%, respectively). Ovulation rate and progesterone secretion were similar among animals ovulating, but ovulation failures predetermined the fertility yields obtained in response to the treatments. Hence, the best results were found after treatment for 14 days plus eCG, and for 5 days without eCG (83.3 for both, p < 0.05 when compared to the other groups with different treatment lengths and with or without eCG).

scholarly journals Modification by propylene glycol of ovulation rate in ewes in response to a single injection of FSH

Reproduction ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lopez-Sebastian ◽  
A. Gomez-Brunet ◽  
A. W. Lishman ◽  
S. K. Johnson ◽  
E. K. Inskeep
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Ovulation Rate

The influence of insulin upon the metabolism of glucose by the brain

1977 ◽  
Vol 196 (1122) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Anaerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Brain

Rapidly induced, sustained hyperglycaemia in rats caused a sharp, transient increase in cerebral glucose gain (defined as the rate at which glucose enters the brain from the circulating blood and is retained for metabolic or other purposes). This initial increase in gain during hyperglycaemia took place whether or not exogenous insulin was injected. However, if animals were not given insulin the increase in cerebral glucose gain was not sustained as the period of hyperglycaemia was prolonged, but decreased steadily until, after 20 min, it was similar to that found in animals with normal concentrations of glucose in the blood. The effect of the injection of insulin was to cause the initial sharp increase in the cerebral gain of glucose to be sustained (though at a somewhat lower level) during periods of hyperglycaemia lasting up to at least 60 min. Insulin did not act by blocking the efflux of glucose from the brain nor did it stimulate cerebral glucose metabolism indirectly by reducing the supply of ketone bodies to the brain. The concentration of glycogen in the brains of hyperglycaemic animals was almost doubled by insulin, but this increase in glycogen content only accounted for a small part of the extra glucose gained by the brains. Anaerobic glycolysis in the brain was not altered by insulin. It was concluded that insulin caused the cerebral cells to use more glucose not only to form glycogen but, to a much greater extent, to synthesize other substances, probably mainly the non-essential amino acids.

Effect of exogenous insulin administration on ovarian function, embryo/fetal development during pregnancy in goats

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suguna ◽  
S. Mehrotra ◽  
S.K. Agarwal ◽  
M. Hoque ◽  
U. Shanker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Administration
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