Genetic variation for improving the salt tolerance of durum wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Munns ◽  
R. A. Hare ◽  
R. A. James ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
D Genome ◽  
High K ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Na Uptake

Durum wheat (AB genomes) is more salt-sensitive than bread wheat (ABD genomes), a feature that restricts its expansion into areas with sodic or saline soils. Salt tolerance in bread wheat is linked with a locus on the D genome that results in low Na+ uptake and enhanced K+/Na+ discrimination. In order to introduce salt tolerance into current durum wheats from sources other than the D genome, a search for genetic variation in salt tolerance was made across a wide range of tetraploids representing 5 Triticum turgidum sub-species (durum, carthlicum, turgidum, turanicum, polonicum). Selections were screened for low Na+ uptake and enhanced K+/Na+ discrimination. This was assessed in seedlings grown in 150 mМ NaCl with supplemental Ca2+, by measuring the Na+ and K+ accumulated in the blade of a given leaf over 10 days. Large and repeatable genetic variation was found. Low Na+ accumulation and high K+/Na+ discrimination of similar magnitude to that of bread wheat was found in the sub-species durum. These selections have the potential for improving salt tolerance in durum wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Production of synthetic wheat lines to exploit the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and D genome containing Aegilops species in wheat breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi ◽  
Zinat Abdolmalaki ◽  
Rahman Ebrahimzadegan ◽  
Farshid Bahmani ◽  
Fatemeh Orooji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Synthetic Wheat ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractDue to the accumulation of various useful traits over evolutionary time, emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and dicoccoides, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), T. timopheevii (2n = 4x = 28; AAGG) and D genome containing Aegilops species offer excellent sources of novel variation for the improvement of bread wheat (T. aestivum L., AABBDD). Here, we made 192 different cross combinations between diverse genotypes of wheat and Aegilops species including emmer wheat × Ae. tauschii (2n = DD or DDDD), durum wheat × Ae. tauschii, T. timopheevii × Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa × durum wheat, Ae. cylindrica × durum wheat and Ae. ventricosa × durum wheat in the field over three successive years. We successfully recovered 56 different synthetic hexaploid and octaploid F2 lines with AABBDD, AABBDDDD, AAGGDD, D1D1XcrXcrAABB, DcDcCcCcAABB and DvDvNvNvAABB genomes via in vitro rescue of F1 embryos and spontaneous production of F2 seeds on the Fl plants. Cytogenetic analysis of F2 lines showed that the produced synthetic wheat lines were generally promising stable amphiploids. Contribution of D genome bearing Aegilops and the less-investigated emmer wheat genotypes as parents in the crosses resulted in synthetic amphiploids which are a valuable resource for bread wheat breeding.

scholarly journals A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance, mapped in durum wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan P. Lindsay ◽  
Evans S. Lagudah ◽  
Ray A. Hare ◽  
Rana Munns
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Sodium Exclusion

Salinity affects durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] more than it affects bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and results in lower yield for durum wheat cultivars grown on salt-affected soils. A novel source of salt tolerance in the form of a sodium exclusion trait, identified previously in a screen of tetraploid wheat germplasm, was mapped using a QTL approach. The trait, measured as low Na+ concentration in the leaf blade, was mapped on a population derived from a cross between the low Na+ landrace and the cultivar Tamaroi. The use of AFLP, RFLP and microsatellite markers identified a locus, named Nax1 (Na exclusion), on chromosome 2AL, which accounted for approximately 38% of the phenotypic variation in the mapping population. Markers linked to the Nax1 locus also associated closely with low Na+ progeny in a genetically unrelated population. A microsatellite marker closely linked to the Nax1 locus was validated in genetically diverse backgrounds, and proven to be useful for marker-assisted selection in a durum wheat breeding program.

scholarly journals Screening of Diverse Ethiopian Durum Wheat Accessions for Aluminum Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Edossa Fikiru Wayima ◽  
Ayalew Ligaba-Osena ◽  
Kifle Dagne ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Eunice Magoma Machuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Seminal Roots

Acid soils and associated Al3+ toxicity are prevalent in Ethiopia where normally Al3+-sensitive durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp durum Desf.) is an important crop. To identify a source of Al3+ tolerance, we screened diverse Ethiopian durum germplasm. As a center of diversity for durum wheat coupled with the strong selection pressure imposed by extensive acid soils, it was conceivable that Al3+ tolerance had evolved in Ethiopian germplasm. We used a rapid method on seedlings to rate Al3+ tolerance according to the length of seminal roots. From 595 accessions screened using the rapid method, we identified 21 tolerant, 180 intermediate, and 394 sensitive accessions. When assessed in the field the accessions had tolerance rankings consistent with the rapid screen. However, a molecular marker specific for the D-genome showed that all accessions rated as Al3+-tolerant or of intermediate tolerance were hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that had contaminated the durum grain stocks. The absence of Al3+ tolerance in durum has implications for how Al3+ tolerance evolved in bread wheat. There remains a need for a source of Al3+-tolerance genes for durum wheat and previous work that introgressed genes from bread wheat into durum wheat is discussed as a potential source for enhancing the Al3+ tolerance of durum germplasm.

Effect of the introduction of D-genome related gluten proteins on durum wheat pasta and bread making quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Sissons ◽  
Denise Pleming ◽  
Benedetta Margiotta ◽  
Maria Grazia D'Egidio ◽  
Domenico Lafiandra
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Processing Properties

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is typically used to produce pasta. In some parts of the world, it is used to make bread but with inferior loaf volume and texture compared with common wheat bread. This study describes the effect on technological properties of pasta and bread made from durum wheat cv. Svevo (recurrent parent (S), HMW-GS null, 7+8) and two isogenic genotypes carrying pairs of additional subunits 5+10 (S 5+10) or 2+12 (S 2+12), normally present at the Glu-D1 locus in bread wheat. The semolina was re-ground to flour, mixed in various proportions with bakers flour and used to prepare loaves. The dough properties of the S 5+10 line were markedly different from Svevo, having over-strong, stable dough, low wet gluten and elasticity; S 2+12 also displayed stronger dough. Pasta prepared from these genotypes showed lower cooked firmness (adjusted for protein differences), ranked Svevo > S 5+10 = S 2+12. There were no other differences in pasta cooking quality. Bread loaf volume and loaf score decreased as more bakers flour was replaced by durum flour, but the decline varied with the genetic material and dosage. The greatest reduction in loaf volume occurred using S 5+10 and the least with S 2+12, which was similar to Svevo. Bake score was reduced with S 5+10 only. The best loaf was made using Svevo. This work shows that it is possible to manipulate the processing properties of pasta and durum–bread-wheat blends by altering the glutenin subunit composition. This represents an efficient tool to finely manipulate gluten quality in durum wheat.

Ionic relations and osmotic adjustment in durum and bread wheat under saline conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Ann Cuin ◽  
Yu Tian ◽  
Stewart A. Betts ◽  
Rémi Chalmandrier ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Seedling Roots

Wheat breeding for salinity tolerance has traditionally focussed on Na+ exclusion from the shoot, but its association with salinity tolerance remains tenuous. Accordingly, the physiological significance of shoot Na+ exclusion and maintenance of an optimal K+ : Na+ ratio was re-evaluated by studying NaCl-induced responses in 50 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) treated with 150 mM NaCl. Overall, Na+ exclusion from the shoot correlated with salinity tolerance in both species and this exclusion was more efficient in bread compared with durum wheat. Interestingly, shoot sap K+ increased significantly in nearly all durum and bread wheat genotypes. Conversely, the total shoot K+ content declined. We argue that this increase in shoot sap K+ is needed to provide efficient osmotic adjustment under saline conditions. Durum wheat was able to completely adjust shoot sap osmolality using K+, Na+ and Cl–; it had intrinsically higher levels of these solutes. In bread wheat, organic osmolytes must contribute ~13% of the total shoot osmolality. In contrast to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), NaCl-induced K+ efflux from seedling roots did not predict salinity tolerance in wheat, implying that shoot, not root K+ retention is important in this species.

The inheritance and chromosomal location of a gene for chocolate chaff in durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Konzak ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome

The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar 'Vic' was treated with the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N′-nitrosourea and among the M2 progeny a mutant with "chocolate chaff" (designated cc) was identified. Genetic analyses indicated that chocolate chaff is due to a single recessive gene mutation. The penetrance of the gene for chocolate chaff was environmentally influenced and varied from dark blotches on the glumes to complete coloration of culms as well as spikes. To determine the chromosomal location of the gene, the mutant was crossed with a set of 'Langdon' durum disomic substitution lines in which each of the 14 A- and B-genome chromosomes of durum wheat were replaced by their respective D-genome homoeologues. The segregation of cc was normal in all of the crosses except for those with the 7D(7A) and 7D(7B) lines. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 7B, and that chromosome 7D has a gene that prevents the expression of cc when present in one or more copies. It was shown that the 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes in tetraploid wheat.Key words: Triticum turgidum, aneuploid, chromosome substitution, monosomic, cytogenetics.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Applicability of chromosome-specific SSR wheat markers for the introgression of Triticum urartu in durum wheat breeding programmes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
M. C. Ramírez ◽  
A. Martín ◽  
S. G. Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
Founder Line ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Novel Alleles

Triticum urartu, the A-genome donor of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, is a potential source of novel alleles for crop improvement. A fertile amphiploid between T. urartu (2n = 2x = 14; AuAu) and durum wheat cv ‘Yavaros’ (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum; 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) was obtained as a first step to making the genetic variability of the wild ancestor available to durum wheat breeding. The amphiploid was backcrossed with ‘Yavaros’ and the offspring from this cross was selfed. A plant from this progeny (founder line) with 28 chromosomes and active x and y subunits of the Glu-A1 locus of T. urartu was selfed, which resulted in the obtaining of 98 pre-introgression lines (pre-ILs). In this work, a set of 78 wheat chromosome-specific microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSR), uniformly distributed over the A genome, was used for marker-assisted selection of T. urartu in a durum wheat background. A total of 57 SSRs allowed a clear discrimination between T. urartu and ‘Yavaros’. This set of markers was further used for characterizing the pre-ILs, identifying and defining the T. urartu introgressed regions. The applicability of these markers is discussed.

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