scholarly journals Applicability of chromosome-specific SSR wheat markers for the introgression of Triticum urartu in durum wheat breeding programmes

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
M. C. Ramírez ◽  
A. Martín ◽  
S. G. Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
Founder Line ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Novel Alleles

Triticum urartu, the A-genome donor of tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, is a potential source of novel alleles for crop improvement. A fertile amphiploid between T. urartu (2n = 2x = 14; AuAu) and durum wheat cv ‘Yavaros’ (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum; 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) was obtained as a first step to making the genetic variability of the wild ancestor available to durum wheat breeding. The amphiploid was backcrossed with ‘Yavaros’ and the offspring from this cross was selfed. A plant from this progeny (founder line) with 28 chromosomes and active x and y subunits of the Glu-A1 locus of T. urartu was selfed, which resulted in the obtaining of 98 pre-introgression lines (pre-ILs). In this work, a set of 78 wheat chromosome-specific microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSR), uniformly distributed over the A genome, was used for marker-assisted selection of T. urartu in a durum wheat background. A total of 57 SSRs allowed a clear discrimination between T. urartu and ‘Yavaros’. This set of markers was further used for characterizing the pre-ILs, identifying and defining the T. urartu introgressed regions. The applicability of these markers is discussed.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

Effect of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) semolina extraction rate on semolina refinement, strength indicators and pasta properties

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1013
Author(s):  
J. E. Dexter ◽  
M. A. Doust ◽  
C. N. Raciti ◽  
G. M. Lombardo ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Gluten Strength ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Gluten Index

Since the 1980s, there have been general trends in the durum wheat milling industry to higher semolina extraction rate, and in the pasta processing industry to the use of higher drying temperatures. During this time, specification of gluten strength by gluten index, mixograph mixing properties and alveograph parameters has also become widespread. These trends prompted this study of the appropriateness of protocols for quality testing of Canadian durum wheat breeding lines. Four cultivars with intrinsic differences in yellow pigment levels and gluten strength were grown in field plots in Swift Current, Saskatchewan for three consecutive years. A laboratory-scale milling procedure was modified to produce semolina at extraction rates from about 65% to about 80%. Milling to extraction rates above 65%, the extraction rate used routinely in quality testing of Canadian durum wheat breeding lines, had a major impact on semolina ash content and colour, but did not offer any advantage in ranking cultivars for either semolina yield or semolina refinement. Gluten strength, as measured by gluten index, was independent of semolina extraction rate. Dough strength, as measured by mixograph properties and alveograph properties, showed a tendency to weakening at high extraction, particularly for strong cultivars. Semolina was processed into spaghetti using low-temperature (LT), high-temperature (HT) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) drying cycles. The firmness of cooked spaghetti was predominantly influenced by protein content. As a result, cultivars generally ranked in spaghetti firmness according to protein content. Regardless of drying cycle or cultivar, spaghetti firmness increased as drying temperature increased. Spaghetti dried at LT was less yellow than spaghetti dried at HT or UHT, probably due to thermal inactivation of the bleaching enzyme lipoxygenase at HT and UHT. Regardless of drying cycle, spaghetti became duller, more red and less yellow as extraction rate increased. For each spaghetti trait, cultivar ranking remained relatively constant regardless of extraction rate or drying temperature. On the basis of these results, there appears to be no advantage to increasing semolina extraction rate beyond 65% for evaluation of durum wheat milling performance, gluten strength or pasta properties. In addition, it appears that one drying cycle is adequate to reliably evaluate durum wheat lines for spaghetti colour and firmness. Key words: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum), milling, semolina, pasta, quality screening, gluten strength, colour, texture

scholarly journals A locus for sodium exclusion (Nax1), a trait for salt tolerance, mapped in durum wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan P. Lindsay ◽  
Evans S. Lagudah ◽  
Ray A. Hare ◽  
Rana Munns
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Sodium Exclusion

Salinity affects durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] more than it affects bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and results in lower yield for durum wheat cultivars grown on salt-affected soils. A novel source of salt tolerance in the form of a sodium exclusion trait, identified previously in a screen of tetraploid wheat germplasm, was mapped using a QTL approach. The trait, measured as low Na+ concentration in the leaf blade, was mapped on a population derived from a cross between the low Na+ landrace and the cultivar Tamaroi. The use of AFLP, RFLP and microsatellite markers identified a locus, named Nax1 (Na exclusion), on chromosome 2AL, which accounted for approximately 38% of the phenotypic variation in the mapping population. Markers linked to the Nax1 locus also associated closely with low Na+ progeny in a genetically unrelated population. A microsatellite marker closely linked to the Nax1 locus was validated in genetically diverse backgrounds, and proven to be useful for marker-assisted selection in a durum wheat breeding program.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Wild Einkorn Wheat for Wheat Grain Quality Improvement: Evaluation and Characterization of Glu-1, Wx and Ha Loci

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Ana B. Huertas-García ◽  
Laura Castellano ◽  
Carlos Guzmán ◽  
Juan B. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Novel Alleles

Wild einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell.) is a diploid wheat species from the Near East that has been classified as an ancestor of the first cultivated wheat (einkorn; T. monococcum L. ssp. monococcum). Its genome (Am), although it is not the donor of the A genome in polyploid wheat, shows high similarity to the Au genome. An important characteristic for wheat improvement is grain quality, which is associated with three components of the wheat grain: endosperm storage proteins (gluten properties), starch synthases (starch characteristics) and puroindolines (grain hardness). In the current study, these grain quality traits were studied in one collection of wild einkorn with the objective of evaluating its variability with respect to these three traits. The combined use of protein and DNA analyses allows detecting numerous variants for each one of the following genes: six for Ax, seven for Ay, eight for Wx, four for Gsp-1, two for Pina and three for Pinb. The high variability presence in this species suggests its potential as a source of novel alleles that could be used in modern wheat breeding.

Biochemical data bearing on the relationship between the genome of Triticum urartu and the A and B genomes of the polyploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kerby ◽  
J. Kuspira ◽  
B. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Donor Species

To determine whether the Triticum urartu genome is more closely related to the A or B genome of the polyploid wheats, the amino acid sequence of its purothionin was compared to the amino acid sequences of the purothionins in Triticum monococcum, Triticum turgidum, and Triticum aestivum. The residue sequence of the purothionin from T. urartu differs by five and six amino acid substitutions respectively from the α1 and α2 forms coded for by genes in the B and D genomes, and is identical to the β form specified by a gene in the A genome. Therefore, the T. urartu purothionin is either coded by a gene in the A genome or a chromosome set highly homologous to it. The results demonstrate that at least a portion of the T. urartu and T. monococcum genomes is homologous and probably identical. A variety of other studies have also shown that T. urartu is very closely related to T. monococcum and, in all likelihood, also possesses the A genome. Therefore, it could be argued that either T. urartu and T. monococcum are the same species or that T. urartu rather than T. monococcum is the source of the A genome in T. turgidum and T. aestivum. Except for Johnson's results, our data and that of others suggest a revised origin of polyploid wheats. Specifically, the list of six putative B genome donor species is reduced to five, all members of the Sitopsis section of the genus Aegilops.Key words: Triticum monococcum, Triticum urartu, polyploid wheats, genomes A and B, purothionins.

scholarly journals Production of synthetic wheat lines to exploit the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and D genome containing Aegilops species in wheat breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi ◽  
Zinat Abdolmalaki ◽  
Rahman Ebrahimzadegan ◽  
Farshid Bahmani ◽  
Fatemeh Orooji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Synthetic Wheat ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractDue to the accumulation of various useful traits over evolutionary time, emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and dicoccoides, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), T. timopheevii (2n = 4x = 28; AAGG) and D genome containing Aegilops species offer excellent sources of novel variation for the improvement of bread wheat (T. aestivum L., AABBDD). Here, we made 192 different cross combinations between diverse genotypes of wheat and Aegilops species including emmer wheat × Ae. tauschii (2n = DD or DDDD), durum wheat × Ae. tauschii, T. timopheevii × Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa × durum wheat, Ae. cylindrica × durum wheat and Ae. ventricosa × durum wheat in the field over three successive years. We successfully recovered 56 different synthetic hexaploid and octaploid F2 lines with AABBDD, AABBDDDD, AAGGDD, D1D1XcrXcrAABB, DcDcCcCcAABB and DvDvNvNvAABB genomes via in vitro rescue of F1 embryos and spontaneous production of F2 seeds on the Fl plants. Cytogenetic analysis of F2 lines showed that the produced synthetic wheat lines were generally promising stable amphiploids. Contribution of D genome bearing Aegilops and the less-investigated emmer wheat genotypes as parents in the crosses resulted in synthetic amphiploids which are a valuable resource for bread wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Development of a new wheat microarray from a durum wheat totipotent cDNA library used for a powdery mildew resistance study

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cifarelli ◽  
Olimpia D’Onofrio ◽  
Rosalba Grillo ◽  
Teresa Mango ◽  
Francesco Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Six Genes

AbstractTotipotent cDNA libraries representative of all the potentially expressed sequences in a genome would be of great benefit to gene expression studies. Here, we report on an innovative method for creating such a library for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and its application for gene discovery. The use of suitable quantities of 5-azacytidine during the germination phase induced the demethylation of total DNA, and the resulting seedlings potentially express all of the genes present in the genome. A new wheat microarray consisting of 4925 unigenes was developed from the totipotent cDNA library and used to screen for genes that may contribute to differences in the disease resistance of two near-isogenic lines, the durum wheat cultivar Latino and the line 5BIL-42, which are respectively susceptible and resistant to powdery mildew. Fluorescently labeled cDNA was prepared from the RNA of seedlings of the two near-isogenic wheat lines after infection with a single powdery mildew isolate under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Hybridization to the microarray identified six genes that were differently expressed in the two lines. Four of the sequences could be assigned putative functions based on their similarity to known genes in public databases. Physical mapping of the six genes localized them to two regions of the genome: the centromeric region of chromosome 5B, where the Pm36 resistance gene was previously localized, and chromosome 6B.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Ethiopian Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum) inferred from phenotypic variations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene K. Mengistu ◽  
Yosef G. Kidane ◽  
Carlo Fadda ◽  
Mario Enrico Pè
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
World Population ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Performance

AbstractThe valorization of genetic diversities of major crops like wheat may help substantially to feed the world Population. Durum wheat genotypes consisting of 265 farmers’ varieties (FVs), which have been cultivated for many centuries in Ethiopia, as well as 24 improved varieties (IMVs) have been recently evaluated in northern Ethiopia. The evaluation has been carried out at two different locations for 2 consecutive years to verify the inherited diversity in FVs for important phenological and agronomic traits; with the intention to provide refined information to breeders and genebank managers. As a result of a careful evaluation, a very significant variation was observed between the FVs and IMVs. A large number of the former have demonstrated superior performance to the latter in terms of mean values of the major traits within the stipulated years and locations. The best performing FV has shown a gain of 20% grain yield over the best IMV. Multivariate analyses revealed that FVs displayed larger genetic diversity than in those IMVs. FVs could therefore be used as donor of useful alleles in durum wheat breeding for improvement of yield per se and other traits of agronomic and phenological importance. The identified stable superior FVs include: 8208, 226834A, 238567, 222426, 226282 could be best candidates for farmers in marginal environments. Genotypes that have shown stable performance for spatial variation such as 204493A, 214357 and 238567; and temporal variation such as 8208, 208479, 214357 and 226834A could be the best candidates for exploitation in future breeding programs.

Genetic variation for improving the salt tolerance of durum wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Munns ◽  
R. A. Hare ◽  
R. A. James ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
D Genome ◽  
High K ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Na Uptake

Durum wheat (AB genomes) is more salt-sensitive than bread wheat (ABD genomes), a feature that restricts its expansion into areas with sodic or saline soils. Salt tolerance in bread wheat is linked with a locus on the D genome that results in low Na+ uptake and enhanced K+/Na+ discrimination. In order to introduce salt tolerance into current durum wheats from sources other than the D genome, a search for genetic variation in salt tolerance was made across a wide range of tetraploids representing 5 Triticum turgidum sub-species (durum, carthlicum, turgidum, turanicum, polonicum). Selections were screened for low Na+ uptake and enhanced K+/Na+ discrimination. This was assessed in seedlings grown in 150 mМ NaCl with supplemental Ca2+, by measuring the Na+ and K+ accumulated in the blade of a given leaf over 10 days. Large and repeatable genetic variation was found. Low Na+ accumulation and high K+/Na+ discrimination of similar magnitude to that of bread wheat was found in the sub-species durum. These selections have the potential for improving salt tolerance in durum wheat breeding programs.

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