An analysis of yield reduction caused by stripe rust in Rongotea wheat.

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Gaunt ◽  
MJ Cole
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Action Levels

Natural field epidemics of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) were manipulated by seed treatment and foliar sprays to provide a range of disease severities and durations in several locations in three seasons. Yield in the absence of disease, disease severity and disease duration in the natural epidemics varied markedly between the three seasons. The effect of disease on yield and yield components was different in each season and there was no empirical model which consistently described the relationship between disease severity and yield reduction. Empirical models had little relation to the cause of yield reduction in specific crops and could not therefore be used for disease management purposes. The identification of action levels for management purposes based on mechanistic criteria is discussed.

scholarly journals Management of stripe rust of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using fungicides

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Rakesh Devlash ◽  
Naval Kishore ◽  
Guru Dev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Barley Stripe Rust

Under field conditions, various fungicide molecules were validated for their effectiveness on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. consecutively for three years under artificial field epiphytotic conditions. Seven fungicides viz., propiconazole 25%EC (tilt @ 0.1%), tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (folicur @ 0.1%), triademefon 25%WP (bayleton @ 0.1%), propiconazole 25%EC (tilt @ 0.05%), tebuconazole 25.9% m/m EC (folicur @ 0.05%), triademefon 25%WP (bayleton@ 0.05%), and mancozeb 75%WP (dithane M45 @ 0.2%) with variousconcentrations were tested for their effectiveness in controlling barley stripe rust severity. All fungicide applications resulted in lower disease severity and higher grain yields than untreated check plots. All the fungicides @ 0.1% concentrations reduced disease severity ranging from 87.8% to 95.6% except Mancozeb @ 0.2% (34.4%). Significant higher yield was obtained with Propiconazole @ 0.1% (26.7 q/ha) followed by Tebuconazole @ 0.1% (25.2 q/ha) and Triademefon @ 0.1% (24.5 q/ha). The present study revealed propiconazole as the most effective fungicide for the control of stripe rust of barley under epiphytotic conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Pruning and Cluster Thinning on Yield and Fruit Composition of `Chambourcin' Grapevines

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaan Kurtural ◽  
Imed E. Dami ◽  
Bradley H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Juice Yield ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
The Relationship

Response of yield components and fruit composition of `Chambourcin' (Vitis vinifera × V. rupestris) grapevines to three pruning levels of 15, 20, and 25 nodes retained for each pound of dormant prunings; and three cluster thinning levels of 1, 2, and 2+ clusters per shoot in 2002 and 1, 1.2, and 1.5 clusters per shoot in 2003 were measured at two vineyards in the lower midwestern United States. In both years of the study, there was very little interaction of pruning and cluster thinning. The proportion of non-count shoots increased within the canopy in response to increased pruning severity. Pruning weight means were lower in 2002 across all treatments compared to 2003. Pruning weights decreased with the increase in the number of clusters retained per vine. Pruning influenced yield only in 2003 when the proportion of count shoots decreased below 62% of the total, hence the relationship between number of shoots per vine and yield (R2 = 0.3452; P < 0.0003). In both years of the study, the increase in severity of cluster thinning resulted in yield reduction but an increase in the total soluble solids in juice. Yield compensation was achieved by an increase in cluster weight of 38%, and 25% in response to a reduction of 37%, and 23% in cluster numbers; which translated into a yield reduction of only 10% and 3%, at Vineyards 1 and 2, respectively. Balanced pruning to 15 to 20 nodes per 1 lb of prunings and cluster thinning to 1 to 1.2 clusters/shoot optimized yield (9.7 kg/vine, 13.4 t·ha-1) and fruit composition, and maintained vine size (≥0.3 kg·m-1 of row). These results provide valuable information for growers of `Chambourcin' grapevines in the lower midwestern U.S., as well as in other climates with long growing seasons.

Genetics of stripe rust resistance in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Kumar ◽  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
A. S. Kharub ◽  
G. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
F2 Population

Stripe rust inflicted by the pathogen Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. hordei Eriks can cause marked grain yield reduction and deterioration of the malting quality in barley. Two barley genotypes, DWRB137 (DWR28/DWRUB64) and DWRB143 (DWRB73/DWR83) were identified as resistant (R) for three stripe rust races viz., 57 (0S0), M (1S0) and Q (5S0) at seedling and adult plant stages. These genotypes were crossed with two stripe rust susceptible (S) barley cultivars, RD2035 and Lakhan to study mode of inheritance of stripe rust resistance. All the F1 plants showed resistance against stripe rust race, 57 (0S0) indicating that the resistance (R) is dominant. The F2 generations derived from the crosses namely, Lakhan/DWRB137, Lakhan/DWRB143, RD2035/DWRB137 and RD2035/DWRB143 were tested with inoculum of race, 57 (0S0) under artificially inoculated conditions. The observed frequency of segregants in each F2 generation fit well in a theoretical ratio of 3(R):1(S) (χ 2(T) less than 0.01) indicating that the resistance against the tested race is controlled by a single dominant gene in the genotypes, DWRB137 and DWRB143. To validate the F2 hypothesis, the F3 progenies were also tested under above described conditions and followed discrete segregation of 1 (R): 2 (Segregating): 1(S) ratio in all the four crosses. Test of allelism was also conducted to establish the identity of resistance gene(s) present in the resistant genotypes. The F2 population derived from DWRB137/DWRB143 (R × R) cross fit to 15(R):1(S) ratio showing that the two genotypes had different resistance genes.

Work Disability in Systemic Sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2481-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIE HUDSON ◽  
RUSSELL STEELE ◽  
YING LU ◽  
BRETT D. THOMBS ◽  
MURRAY BARON
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Work Disability ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Multisystem Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diffuse Disease ◽  
Short Disease Duration ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Relationship

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. Little is known about work disability in SSc. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence and demographic and clinical correlates of work disability in a large cohort of patients with SSc.Methods.Cross-sectional, multicenter study of patients from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group Registry. Patients were assessed with detailed clinical histories, medical examinations, and self-administered questionnaires. The primary outcome was self-reported work disability. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between selected demographic and clinical variables and work disability.Results.Of the 643 patients available for this study, 133 (21%) reported that they were work disabled. Work disability in SSc was common, even in people with short disease duration, and increased steadily with increasing disease duration: among those who were ≤ 65 years and who reported being either disabled or working, 28.0% and 44.8% of patients with disease duration of < 2 and 10–15 years, respectively, reported that they were work-disabled. The significant correlates of work disability included co-morbidities, disease duration, diffuse disease, disease severity, pain, fatigue, and physical function.Conclusion.Work disability is prevalent, occurs early, and is associated with markers of disease severity and functional status. Further research is needed to identify other, potentially modifiable, risk factors for work disability in SSc.

scholarly journals Relationship of Host Genotype to Bipolaris Leaf Blight Severities and Yield Components of Adlay

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seog Won Chang ◽  
Byung Kook Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cultivar Resistance ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Susceptible Line ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Leaf blight, caused by Bipolaris coicis, is one of the most destructive and major yield-limiting diseases of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen). Adlay is used as an ornamental, and as a medicinal and cereal food in many countries. Field studies performed from 1997 to 1999 in Korea evaluated the resistance of 30 adlay genotypes to Bipolaris coicis and determined the relationship of cultivar resistance to leaf blight development and yield. Adlay response to leaf blight was quantitative rather than qualitative, varying greatly among cultivars or lines tested. Disease severity was lowest in Tsukuba B7, Tsukuba B15, and Muzu, and highest in Huksuk 1, Limgae, and Huksuk 2. Leaf position significantly affected disease severity, with lower leaves being more severely infected than upper leaves. Yield reductions of up to 52.4% for line Huksuk 2 were observed and were primarily associated with reductions in kernel numbers per plant, thousand kernel weight, and percent kernel ripeness. Loss of yield and yield components by leaf blight were less in resistant line Tsukuba B15 than in susceptible line Huksuk 2.

Relationships between stripe rust severity and grain yield loss at Dooen, Victoria

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Brown
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rust Severity ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Best Estimator

The relationship between stripe rust severity and grain yield loss in wheat was studied in two field experiments. Wheat cultivars varying in response to the disease were used to produce epidemics of differing severity. Regression models were used to examine the relationship between disease severity and yield loss. The best estimator of yield loss was an estimate of disease severity at the end of anthesis-early berry growth stage. The relationship between per cent yield loss (YL) and per cent disease severity (DS) at that growth stage was established to be YL = 0.479DS + 0.84.

scholarly journals Bacterial Coated Fertilizer Induced Resistance Against Wheat Stripe Rust

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Hasan Riaz ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan ◽  
Syed Shahid Hussain Shah ◽  
Muhammad Yasir Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad Asif Ali
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Inducing Resistance

Wheat is the second largest consumed cereal by humans after Rice and its high yield and production is very critical for ever increasing global population. The wheat crop is grown all over Pakistan and threatened by several limiting factors. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is the most destructive wheat pathogen and can reduce yield up to 70% in Pakistan. The present study aimed at exploring the role of Zabardast urea, a bacterial coated urea with zinc,  in inducing resistance against wheat stripe rust. The study involved the collection and maintenance of stripe rust inoculum on Morroco cultivar which later used to inoculate seedlings of Akbar-2019 and Galaxy-2019 resistant and susceptible varieties with three different fertilizer levels viz. specialty fertilizer zabardast urea, plain urea with zinc and plain urea. The results demonstrated the positive role of bacterial coated urea with zinc and reduced the disease severity by 10% and 5% in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively, leaving resistant variety asymptomatic. The plain urea with zinc also decreased disease severity in susceptible variety Galaxy-2013 by 6% in comparison with plain urea treatment underlying the role of zinc in combating stripe rust. The study underlines the importance of specialty fertilizers in inducing resistance against stripe rust in wheat and needs further experimentation exploring the mechanisms involved in disease resistance under field conditions.   

The assessment of vitamin D3 deficiency in patients with Hashimoto's disease and the relationship between the disease duration and 25OHD3 levels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lizis-Kolus ◽  
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk ◽  
Anna Sowa-Staszczak ◽  
Anna Skalniak ◽  
Aldona Kowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Hashimoto’S Disease ◽  
Hashimoto's Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency

scholarly journals OP0009 DERIVATION AND VALIDATION OF THE SCLERODERMA LUNG 3-STAGE INDEX (SL3SI), A NEW FUNCTIONAL INDEX FOR INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE WITH PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 7.2-7
Author(s):  
A. Santaniello ◽  
C. Bellocchi ◽  
L. Bettolini ◽  
M. Cassavia ◽  
G. Montanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Disease Severity Scale

Background:The staging of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is important to monitor disease progression and for prognostication. A disease severity scale of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc)-related lung disease has long been proposed (i.e. Medsger’s severity scale). This scale was mostly developed by discussion and consensus and stage thresholds were not computed by a data-driven approach. Hidden Markov models (HMM) are methods to estimate population quantities for chronic diseases with a staged interpretation which are diagnosed by markers measured at irregular intervals.Objectives:To build a SSc-ILD specific disease severity scale with prognostic relevance via HMM modeling.Methods:A total of 358 SSc patients at risk for or with ILD were enrolled in a discovery (207 cases, Milan1) and in a validation (151 cases, Milan2, Pavia and Rome) cohort. Patients were included if satisfied the following criteria: 1) Diagnosis of SSc according to the EULAR/ACR 2013 criteria, 2) absence of anticentromere antibodies, 3) dcSSc subset or 4) other subsets with either 4a) ILD-related antibodies (Scl70, PmScl, Ku) or 4b) evidence of ILD on HRCT, 5) disease duration < 5 years at the time of the first pulmonary function test (PFT). Serial PFTs were retrieved and the time up to the last available visit -if the patient alive-, or to death due to pulmonary complications, was recorded. HMM were used to estimate the threshold of a 3-stage model (SL3SI, Scleroderma Lung 3-Stage Index) based on PFT functional values (normal/mild, moderate, severe involvement) in the discovery cohort. Survival estimates of the SL3SI model were compared to Medsger’s severity classes estimates and their predictive capability evaluated via the explained residual variation (R2) of prediction errors (the higher the better). One-hundred random replicates were generated to simulate the prediction effort in patients with different disease duration and lung severity.Results:Patients characteristics are summarized in the Table. Fifteen-years survival estimates for Mesdger’s classes in the discovery set were: normal=0.88, mild=0.86, moderate=0.84 and severe=0.71. The SL3SI was defined by the following thresholds: normal/mild, FVC and DLco >=75%; moderate FVC or DLco 74-55%; severe, FVC or DLco <55%. SL3SI 15-yrs survival estimates were: normal/mild=0.89, moderate=0.82 and severe=0.63. Prediction analysis showed a higher R2values at 15 yrs for the SL3SI compared to Medsger’s classes, providing evidence for a better predictive capability of the former (discovery: 0.31 vs 0.25; validation: 0.28 vs 0.19).Conclusion:The SL3SI, a simplified 3-stage functional model of SSc-ILD, yields better survival estimates and long-term prognostic information than Medsger’s classes. Its reproducibility and ease of use make it a useful tool for the functional and prognostic evaluation of SSc patients at risk for or with ILD.Table:VariablesDiscovery (n=207)Replication (n=151)DcSSc62 (30%)98 (64%)Age at first PFR48.6±1249.1±14.4Disease duration at first PFR1.7±1.61.3±2.4FVC90.5±18.191.1±20.2DLco70.7±19.861.3±20.1ILD on HRCT179 (86%)125 (80%)Scl70157 (76%)153 (78%)SSA63 (30%)32 (21%)n of visits38571473Follow-up time, yrs11±5.610.6±5.7Deaths27 (13%)23 (15%)Disclosure of Interests:Alessandro Santaniello: None declared, Chiara Bellocchi: None declared, Luca Bettolini: None declared, Marcello Cassavia: None declared, Gaia Montanelli: None declared, Adriana Severino: None declared, Monica Caronni: None declared, Corrado Campochiaro Speakers bureau: Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, SOBI, Enrico De Lorenzis: None declared, Gerlando Natalello: None declared, Paolo Delvino: None declared, Claudio Tirelli: None declared, Lorenzo Cavagna: None declared, Giacomo De Luca Speakers bureau: SOBI, Novartis, Celgene, Pfizer, MSD, Silvia Laura Bosello: None declared, Lorenzo Beretta Grant/research support from: Pfizer

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