Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VIII. Ontogeny, growth, P acquisition and P utilization of Italian ryegrass and phalaris under P deficient and P sufficient conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Kemp ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Temporal Basis

The P efficiency of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lamk. cv Grasslands Tama) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv Sirosa) was compared on both a temporal and ontogenetic basis. As ontogeny and growth are interrelated, such a comparison allowed the growth and physiological responses to P level of the two species to be separated from responses due to the species being at different ontogenetic stages at the time of comparison. Plants were grown from seed through to anthesis under P deficient and P sufficient conditions in soil in a glasshouse. The ontogenies of Italian ryegrass and phalaris were similar, but the rate of development of Italian ryegrass was greater at both P rates. P deficiency resulted in arrested reproductive development in phalaris. At both P levels shoot, root and total biomass and net P uptake per plant by Italian ryegrass were greater than by phalaris when the two species were compared on a temporal basis, but when compared on an ontogenetic basis the two species were similar. There were some differences in the allocation of P between the acid-soluble P, lipid P, and residue P fractions, but biomass production was not determined by the efficiency of P utilization. The superior biomass production of Italian ryegrass on a temporal basis was due to its greater seed size and rate of ontogeny rather than differences in photosynthetic rate, unit leaf rate, leaf area ratio or shoot: root ratio. Similarly, the greater P uptake per plant of Italian ryegrass on a temporal basis was driven by its greater plant size and faster root extension rate rather than by P uptake per unit root length. The level of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infection in the roots of the two species was similar under P deficiency but greater in phalaris under P sufficient conditions. Overall, the different temporal responses to P of Italian ryegrass and phalaris were largely related to their different rates of ontogeny and the interrelationships between ontogeny and growth rate rather than to differences in their physiology in relation to P acquisition and utilization.

scholarly journals   Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on phosphorus efficiency of wheat grown in an Inceptisol of subtropical India

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj-Kumar ◽  
A. Swarup ◽  
A.K. Patra ◽  
J.U. Chandrakala ◽  
K.M. Manjaiah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Utilization

In a phytotron experiment, wheat was grown under two levels of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> [ambient (385 ppm) vs. elevated (650 ppm)], two levels of temperature (ambient vs. ambient +3&deg;C) superimposed with three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilization: 0, 100, and 200% of recommended dose. Various measures of P acquisition and utilization efficiency were estimated at crop maturity. In general, dry matter yields of all plant parts increased under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (EC) and decreased under elevated temperature (ET); however, under concurrently elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature (ECT), root (+36%) and leaf (+14.7%) dry weight increased while stem (&ndash;12.3%) and grain yield (&ndash;17.3%) decreased, leading to a non-significant effect on total biomass yield. Similarly, total P uptake increased under EC and decreased under ET, with an overall increase of 17.4% under ECT, signifying higher P requirements by plants grown thereunder. Although recovery efficiency of applied P fertilizer increased by 27%, any possible benefit of this increase was negated by the reduced physiological P efficiency (PPE) and P utilization efficiency (PUtE) under ECT. Overall, there was ~17% decline in P use efficiency (PUE) (i.e. grain yield/applied P) of wheat under ECT. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Genetic Dissection of Phosphorous Uptake and Utilization Efficiency Traits Using GWAS in Mungbean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy ◽  
Shouvik Das ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Gyan Prakash Mishra ◽  
Muraleedhar S. Aski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake

Mungbean (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek) is an early maturing legume grown predominantly in Asia for its protein-rich seeds. P deficiency can lead to several physiological disorders which ultimately result in a low grain yield in mungbean. The genetic dissection of PUpE (Puptake efficiency) and PUtE (P utilization efficiency) traits are essential for breeding mungbean varieties with a high P uptake and utilization efficiency. The study involves an association mapping panel consisting of 120 mungbean genotypes which were phenotyped for total dry weight, P concentration, total P uptake, and P utilization efficiency under low P (LP) and normal P (NP) conditions in a hydroponic system. A genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach was employed to dissect the complexity of PUpE and PUtE traits at the genetic level in mungbean. This has identified 116 SNPs in 61 protein-coding genes and of these, 16 have been found to enhance phosphorous uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbeans. We identified six genes with a high expression (VRADI01G04370, VRADI05G20860, VRADI06G12490, VRADI08G20910, VRADI08G00070 and VRADI09G09030) in root, shoot apical meristem and leaf, indicating their role in the regulation of P uptake and utilization efficiency in mungbean. The SNPs present in three genes have also been validated using a Sanger sequencing approach.

Root morphological plasticity and biomass production of two Chinese fir clones with high phosphorus efficiency under low phosphorus stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Wu ◽  
Xiangqing Ma ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Aiqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Supply

Available P is the major growth-limiting factor in southern China where Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations are increasingly established. Planting P-efficient clones is a viable option to enhance productivity of Chinese fir plantations. Two Chinese fir clones with high P efficiency (M1 and M4) were chosen as the research materials and their adaptive responses to low P stress were examined. The increment in root morphological traits and biomass production of these clones was measured by a sand culture experiment with a heterogeneous P supply. For both clones, P starvation resulted in significantly higher root surface area and root volume but not root length. For clone M4, the mean root diameter was also larger under P deficiency than under normal P supply. Interestingly, the root morphological traits varied substantially within the same root system where the starved roots had higher values for all morphological traits than the nonstarved ones. Phosphorus starvation did not affect shoot and root biomass or the root to shoot ratio, but the whole-plant biomass increment was large under P deficiency for clone M4. In conclusion, the adaptation to low P stress in these clones is attributed to increased P acquisition and utilization efficiencies.

Phosphorus starvation boosts carboxylate secretion in P-deficient genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius with contrasting root structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying L. Chen ◽  
Vanessa M. Dunbabin ◽  
Art J. Diggle ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Zed Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Carboxylate Exudation

Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) is an important grain legume crop for the stockfeed industry in Australia. This species does not form cluster roots regardless of phosphorus (P) nutrition. We hypothesise that this species may have adaptive strategies for achieving critical P uptake in low-P environments by altering shoot growth and root architecture and secreting carboxylates from roots. Three wild genotypes of L. angustifolius with contrasting root architecture were selected to investigate the influence of P starvation on root growth and rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and their relationship with P acquisition. Plants were grown in sterilised loamy soil supplied with zero, low (50 μm) or optimal (400 μm) P for 6 weeks. All genotypes showed a significant response in shoot and root development to varying P supply. At P deficit (zero and low P), root systems were smaller and had fewer branches than did roots at optimal P. The amount of total carboxylates in the rhizosphere extracts ranged from 3.4 to 17.3 μmol g–1 dry root. The total carboxylates comprised primarily citrate (61–78% in various P treatments), followed by malate and acetate. Genotype #085 (large root system with deep lateral roots) exuded the greatest amount of total carboxylates to the rhizosphere for each P treatment, followed by #016 (medium root system with good branched lateral roots) and #044 (small root system with short and sparse lateral roots). All genotypes in the low-P treatment significantly enhanced exudation of carboxylates, whereas no significant increase in carboxylate exudation was observed in the zero-P treatment. Small-rooted genotypes had higher P concentration than the medium- and large-rooted genotypes, although larger plants accumulated higher total P content. Large-rooted genotypes increased shoot P utilisation efficiency in response to P starvation. This study showed that narrow-leafed lupin genotypes differing in root architecture differed in carboxylate exudation and P uptake. Our finding suggested that for L. angustifolius there is a minimum plant P concentration below which carboxylate exudation is not enhanced despite severe P deficiency. The outcomes of this study enhance our understanding of P acquisition strategies in L. angustifolius genotypes, which can be used for the selection of P-efficient genotypes for cropping systems.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY IMPAIRS SHOOT REGROWTH OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO C. BACHIEGA ZAMBROSI ◽  
RAFAEL VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO ◽  
EDUARDO CARUSO MACHADO ◽  
JÚLIO CÉSAR GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
P Supply

SUMMARYThe shoot regrowth vigour of sugarcane varieties having contrasting phosphorus (P) efficiency was evaluated under varying soil P availability. The P-inefficient (IAC91–1099 and IACSP94–2101) and -efficient (IACSP94–2094 and IACSP95–5000) sugarcane varieties were grown under low (25 mg P kg−1 soil) or high (400 mg P kg−1 soil) P supply at planting. After 90 days (first cycle of growth), the shoots were harvested and regrowth was studied 70–75 days later by evaluating photosynthesis, leaf area formation, biomass production and P uptake. The shoot dry matter (DM) of sugarcane regrowth subjected to a low P supply was genotype-dependent, with the P-efficient varieties exhibiting greater values than the inefficient ones. This result was explained by the greater efficiency of IACSP94–2094 and IACSP95–5000 in acquiring P rather than P utilization efficiency for shoot biomass production. The root P stored during the first cycle of growth would represent only a minor fraction (< 20%) of the total P content in the shoots at the end of the regrowth period. Thus, we argue that the improved shoot P uptake of the P-efficient varieties was related to their ability to sustain P acquisition after harvesting rather than to the remobilization of root P reserves. Moreover, our data revealed that net CO2 assimilation per leaf area was not associated with differential performance among varieties under P deficiency, suggesting a more critical role of total leaf area in photosynthate supply for sugarcane regrowth. In conclusion, sugarcane regrowth is improved in P-efficient varieties under P deficiency conditions, a finding of practical relevance as such ability might benefit the productivity and the longevity of sugarcane ratoons in low P tropical soils.

scholarly journals Detection of QTL for phosphorus efficiency and biomass traits at the seedling stage in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Y. Yuan ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
H. Zheng ◽  
F. Kong ◽  
Y. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
P Utilization Efficiency

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is one of the most vital nutrient elements in crop output and quality formation. In this study, four biomass, four P uptake efficiency (PupE), and three P-utilization efficiency (PutE) traits were investigated using a set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of “SN0431 × LM21”, under hydroponic culture trials at low P (LP) and normal P (NP) levels in two different seasons, respectively. A total of 85 QTL were identified on 18 chromosomes except for 1D, 2A, and 3D. Among them, 36 and 42 QTL were detected under LP and NP, respectively, and seven QTL were simultaneously detected under LP and NP. Seventeen relatively high-frequency QTL (RHF-QTL) were detected. The average contributions of 13 major RHF-QTL were over 10.00%. Five important QTL clusters were detected on chromosomes 4D, 5A, and 5B. Among them, positive linkages were observed between PutE and biomass traits at four QTL clusters, C1, C2, C3, and C6, showing these loci may be hot spots for genetic control of both phosphorus utilization and biomass accumulation in wheat seedlings. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that three biomass traits (SDW, RDW, and TDW) should be used as primary selection indexes for PE at the seedling stage.

scholarly journals On the Importance of Soybean Seed P for Shoot P Uptake before Anthesis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Meysam Ebrahimi ◽  
Johann Vollmann
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Accumulation

Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient required for crop growth but a finite resource in agriculture. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of soybean seed size and seed P content on growth and P accumulation up to anthesis (30–40 DAP). Pot experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with 15 soybean genotypes of different seed size (TKW 146–304 g) and with two substrates differing in plant available P, i.e., low P (LP) at 6.17 mg kg−1 vs. high P (HP) at 68.12 mg kg−1 CAL-P. The observations included measurements of seed and shoot dry matter and P concentrations as well as root characteristics. In the case of LP, shoot P accumulation relied, to a large degree, on seed P reserves during the vegetative growth period. In the case of HP, however, the role of seed P is negligible with regard to absolute P uptake. Yet, a very close linear relationship between seed P and shoot P uptake was also confirmed at HP. Some genotypes reacted more positively than others on HP in biomass production and P uptake, but none of the selected genotypes showed an outstanding biomass production or P uptake under LP. Total root length or root surface area of soybean did not explain differences in P uptake between genotypes at either P supply level. Overall, no substantial genotypic differences were observed in P use efficiency under P deficiency apart from the effect of seed P reserves. We conclude that seed size can be considered an important trait when screening genotypes for fast early P accumulation and growth.

Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VI. A comparison of Italian ryegrass, phalaris, red clover and white clover over time

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Kemp ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Broad Scale

Two problems in comparative studies of the P efficiency of pasture species are the choice of measurement to define P efficiency and the basis of comparison to use. Therefore, the degree to which the level of P supply and plant age, or time of harvest, influence a variety of measures of P efficiency was examined in four temperate pasture species grown in a soil at a range of P levels in a glass house. The four species were Italian ryegrass, phalaris, red clover, and white clover. Italian ryegrass was the most P efficient and red clover the least P efficient species in terms of the broad scale measures of P effiency, shoot yield per unit of P applied and total P uptake over the first 40 days after sowing (DAS), and shoot P concentration at 68 DAS. Nevertheless, by 68 DAS the shoot fresh weight yield of the four species was similar at both the low (5 kgP ha-1) and the high (80 kg P ha-1) P rate. The superior shoot biomass production at lower P rates over 40 DAS of Italian ryegrass and phalaris compared with red and white clovers was largely the result of a greater root weight and P uptake per plant. Early root weight was determined by the relationship between seed weight and root relative growth rate (PGR), whereas P uptake per plant was influenced by root weight and plant P demand as measured by relative P uptake rate (RPR). The understanding of such relationships was shown to be essential to the effective interpretation of broad scale measures of P efficiency. The comparative broad scale P efficiences of the four species changed over time. When Italian ryegrass and phalaris were compared on an ontogenetic basis, number of leaves per plant, shoot yield and P uptake per plant were similar. The comparison of the P efficiency of species on both an ontogenetic and temporal basis is proposed.

scholarly journals Luxury Absorption of Phosphorus Exists in Maize When Intercropping with Legumes or Oilseed Rape—Covering Different Locations and Years

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Haiyong Xia ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Nianyuan Jiao ◽  
Peipei Mei ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Rational regulation of phosphorus (P) use in the soil–rhizosphere–plant system is challenging in the development of sustainable, intensive, and healthy agriculture. Rational maize (Zea mays L.) based intercropping with legumes/oilseed rape across six experimental sites from 2008 to 2017 proved advantageous over monoculture in terms of both maize biomass production and P uptake. The partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) for P uptake by intercropped maize averaged from 0.58 to 0.92, which was significantly higher than that for biomass production (0.51–0.78), indicating that the advantage of P acquisition by intercropped maize was superior to that of biomass accumulation. It was the excessive accumulation of P in intercropped maize compared to monoculture, especially higher P concentrations in grains that led to the superior P acquisition advantage and luxury absorption of P. P concentrations in maize grains were significantly increased from 1.89–2.91 mg kg−1 in monoculture to 2.09–3.65 mg kg−1, in intercropping, by 8.3%–25.5%. The plant internal P use efficiency of maize was significantly decreased from the initial 411.7–775.7 kg kg−1 in monoculture to 345.7–710.4 kg kg−1 in intercropping by 4.9%–16.0%, and 100 kg maize grain P quantities were significantly increased from 0.25–0.46 kg to 0.27–0.54 kg by 7.0%–17.4%. Rational fertilizer P input maximized maize yields and P use without decreasing the interspecific ecological advantages and harvest indexes of grain yields and P. These findings promoted better understanding of P allocation status within maize plants, and yield and P acquisition advantages through the exploitation of the biological potential of plants for the efficient utilization of P resources in diverse species combinations.

scholarly journals The effect of bottom sediment on biomass production by Italian ryegrass and maize

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wiśniowska-Kielian
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The Individual

The effect of bottom sediment on biomass production by Italian ryegrass and maize A two-year pot experiment (2005 and 2006) was conducted to estimate an effect of dredged bottom sediment from Rożnów Reservoir addition to the light, very acid soil on the plant biomass production. The sediment was applied in the amount from 1 to 20% of the substratum mass. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were cultivated as the successive test plants. The lowest amount of plant biomass was obtained on the soil (control) and each sediment addition to the substratum caused an increase of the biomass production, both tops as well as the roots of the plant. Larger sediment additions (7% and more) caused a significant increase of the yield, of both the individual plant species and the total biomass during the two years of the experiment. The bottom sediment added to the light, very acid soil distinctly improved the plant yielding and the way of biomass utilisation should be assessed on the basis of its chemical composition analysis.

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