Effect of Sulphate ion on the in Vitro Rumen Digestion of Polysaccharide Constituents of Bagasse

The dry matter digestibility (DMD) of poor quality roughages such as spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) by sheep and cattle has been shown to increase on addition of sulphur to the diet. The sulphur is added most frequently as inorganic sulphate, either alone (Playne 1969) or supplemented with urea (Bray and Hemsley 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972; Siebert and Kennedy 1972) or gluten (Playne 1969). These supplements have also increased feed intake in sheep (Playne 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972; Siebert and Kennedy 1972) and cattle (Siebert and Kennedy 1972), and have improved the nitrogen and sulphur balance (Moir, Somers, and Bray 1967; Bray and Hemsley 1969; Playne 1969; Kennedy and Siebert 1972) within the animal. Sulphates have been shown to increase the in vitro rumen digestion of starch (Kennedy, Mitchell, and Little 1971), crude fibre (Bray and Hemsley 1969), and acid-detergent fibre and cellulose (Barton, Bull, and Hemken 1971).

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effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600018997 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1990 ◽

pp. 119-119

Author(s):

A. S. Chaudhry ◽

E. L. Miller

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

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Changes in feed intake and digestibility in sheep given virginiamycin

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9960539 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 539 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GR Thorniley ◽

MD Boyce ◽

JB Rowe

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Highly Correlated

An experiment was conducted to investigate why virginiamycin reduces feed intake when it is first included in diets fed to sheep and cattle. Sheep were dosed daily with various amounts of virginiamycin, and measurements were made of both in vitro and in vivo dry matter digestibility and of blood gastrin concentrations. Virginiamycin decreased feed intake and there was some evidence that the effect was dose related. Dry matter digestibility was reduced by doses of virginiamycin >80 mg/day. Although highly correlated with feed intake, digestibility did not seem to be the sole factor influencing feed intake. Blood gastrin concentration was not significantly affected by virginiamycin and was not correlated with feed intake.

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THE INFLUENCE OF VARYING RATIO OF COWPEA HUSK AND MAIZE MILLING WASTE ON THE FEED INTAKE, PROTEIN AND ENERGY UTILIZATION BY THE GOAT.

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v21i1.1156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 108-112

Author(s):

A. A. Adeloye

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Diet ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The acceptability and efficacy of. combinations of cowpea husk (CH) and maize milling waste (MMW) as feed for the goat were tested. The experiment, in a 4x4 Latin square design involved digestion trials with 4 West African dwarf grower goats weighing 8.2 to 9.6 kg. and about 4 months old. There were 3 experimental diets made up of CH and MMW in 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 ratio of mixture. The control diet was 60 percent chopped Pennisetum purpureum plus 40 percent concentrate ration. The animals were fed at 5 percent of body weight. All trials lasted 80 days. Parameters for assessment were dry matter intake, protein and energy intakes and utilization. Feed intake values (%of body weight) in all experiemental diets were higher than 3 percent and increased with increasing levels of cowpea husk, Only the intake of 4.38% of body weight from 75:25 CH-MMW supported weight gain. Increases in MMW in the experimental diets resulted in significant (P<0.05) increases in dry matter digestibility. The crude protein intake and digestion increased with increasing inclusion of cowpea husk, but intake and utilization were not adequate at CH-MMW 25:75 and 50:50. The energy intake and utilization increased (P<0.05) across the treatment. Increasing levels of cowpea husk enhanced dry matter, energy intakes and energy utilization, Decreasing levels of cowpea, consistent with increasing MMW improved dry matter digestibility but not dry matter intake. The high crude fibre of cowpea husk is implicated. The utilization of the available energy in the mixture is limited by protein intake.

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Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of lichens

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.6.1.569 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Torstein H. Garmo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

In Vitro Method ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Protein 4.2 ◽

The Mean

The chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of 45 samples of different species of lichen are reported. Mean content (g/100 g dry matter) of the main nutrients was: crude protein 4.2, crude fat 3.2, crude fibre 16.6, ash 1.9, Ca 0.15, P 0.09, Mg 0.05, K 0.13, Na 0.035, S 0.07. The content of microminerals (mg/kg dry matter) was: Cu 2.5, Mo 0.11, Zn 27.2, Se 0.12, Fe 898, Mn 154. The mean in vitro dry matter digestibility was 35%. However, the in vitro method do underestimate the dry matter digestibility of lichens. Stereocaulon spp. showed higher levels of crude protein, P, S, Cu and Mo than Cetraria spp. and Cladonia spp. Cetraria nivalis showed higher digestibility and contained more NFE, ash, Ca, Mg, but less crude fibre than Cladonia stellaris. Lichens contained less amounts of most nutrients compared with grasses (Fig. 1), exept for crude fat, NFE, Se and Fe.Kjemisk innhald og in vitro fordøyelsesgrad av lav.Abstract in Norwegian / Samandrag: Kjemisk innhald og in vitro fordøyelsesgrad av tørrstoffet er bestemt i 45 prøver av beitelav frå to stader i Sør-Noreg. Middel innhald (g/100g tørrstoff) av følgjande næringsstoff var: protein 4.2, feitt 3.2, trevlar 16.6, oske 1.9, kalsium 0.15, fosfor 0.09, magnesium 0.05, kalium 0.13, natrium 0.035, svovel 0.07. Innhaldet (mg/kg tørrstoff) av mikronæringsstoffa var: kopar 2.5, molybden 0.11, sink 27.2, selen 0.12, jern 898 og mangan 154. Den midlare fordøyelsesgraden av tørrstoffet i lav-prøvene var 35%, men in vitro fordøyelsesanalyser undervurderer fordøyelsesgraden av lav. Det var ein stor variasjon mellom dei ulike lavartane for dei fleste næringsstoffa og fordøyelsesgraden. Stereocaulon spp. inneheldt meir protein, fosfor, svovel, kopar og molybden enn Cetraria spp. og Cladonia spp. Gulskinn hadde høgare fordøyelsesgrad, og innehaldet av NFE, oske, kalsium og magnesium var høgre enn i kvitkrull, medan trevleinnhaldet var størst i kvitkrull. Lav inneheldt mindre av dei fleste næringsstoffa samanlikna med gras, unnateke feitt, NFE, selen og jern.Jäkälien kemiallinen sisältö ja in vitro sulatuksen aste.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Kuiva-aineen kemiallinen sisalto ja in vitro sulatusaste on mååråtty 45:ssa kokeessa tårkeistå laidunjåkålistå kahdella paikkakunnalla Etelå — Norjassa. Keskimååråinen sisalto (g/100 g kuiva-ainetta) seuraavissa ravintoaineissa oli: valkuaisainetta 4.2, rasvaa 3.2, kuituja 16.6, tuhkaa 1.9, kalsiumia 0.15, fosforia 0.09, magnesiumia 0.05, kaliumia 0.13, natriumia 0.035, rikkia 0.07. Hivenainepitoisuus (mg/kg kuiva-ainesta) oli: kuparia 2.5, molybdeenia 0.11, sinkkia 27.2, seleeniå 0.12, rautaa 898 ja mangaania 154. Kuiva-aineiden keskimååråinen sulatusaste jåkålåkokeissa oli 35%. Eri jåkålåajien vålillå oli suuri vaihtelu eisimmissa ravintoaineissa ja sulatusasteessa. Stereocaulon spp. sisålsi enemmån valkuaisainetta, fosforia, rikkiå kuparia ja typettomien uuteaineiden, molybdeeniå kuin Cetraria spp. ja Cladonia spp. Lapalumijåkålållå oli korkeampi sulatusaste, ja tuhkan, kalsiumin ja magnesiumin sisålto oli korkeampi kuin Cladonia alpestris-jäkälässä, mutta kuitusisålto oli korkein Cladonia alpestris-jäkälässä. Jåkålå sisålsi våhemmån useimmista ravintoaineista ruohoon verrattuna lukuunottamatta rasvaa, typettomiå uuteaineita, seleeniå ja rautaa.

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Bromatological composition and dry matter digestibility of millet cultivars subjected to nitrogen doses

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-41626746 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 887-893 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.H.D. Buso ◽

A.F.S. França ◽

E.S. Miyagi

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Average Height ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

N Dose ◽

Sowing Season

The bromatological composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of millet cultivars were assessed for different nitrogen doses and two sowing seasons in the Ceres municipality of Goiás state, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three millet cultivars (ADR-7010, ADR-500 and BRS-1501), four nitrogen (N) doses (0, 50, 100 and 200kg ha-1 of N) and two sowing seasons. Three replicates and a randomised block design with a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme were used. Two cuttings were performed in each season when plants reached an average height of 0.70 cm. No significant interactions were observed between or among cultivars for N doses and dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents. The DM, CP, NDF and ADF contents were significantly different between N doses. The DM and CP contents increased as the N dose increased to 100kg ha-1. The maximum DM and CP contents were 11.14 and 22.53%, respectively. The NDF and ADF contents were higher in the control treatment (60.11 and 30.01%, respectively). In addition, the lowest ADF and NDF concentrations occurred at an N dose of 50kg ha-1(56.33 and 30.23%, respectively). The DM contents were higher for the February sowing, with an average of 10.59%. The highest CP and ADF contents were found for the December sowing (22.46 and 31.58%, respectively). No significant differences were found for millet cultivars, N doses or sowing seasons. A significant interaction was found between sowing season and millet cultivar. The BRS-1501 cultivar had a higher in vitro dry matter digestibility in the December/2010 sowing (73.88%).

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Nutritional contents of processed Delonix regia seeds incubated in vitro with Pennisetum purpureum

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i1.376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 309-316

Author(s):

O. O. Olufayo ◽

O. O. Falola

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Delonix Regia ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The effect of processing on proximate, mineral, anti-nutritional compositions, gasproduction characteristics, methane production, predicted metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and short chain fatty acids production of Delonix regia seeds incubated with Pennisetum purpureum were determined. Five treatments (T1: mixture of soaked Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T2: mixture of raw Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T3: mixture of roasted Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T4: mixture of boiled Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum and T5:100% Pennisetum purpureum which serves as control) were designed. In vitro gas production techniques for 24 hours were used to determine the nutritive value of processed 50% Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum. The crude protein ranged from 13.38 to 15.71g/100g DM among the treatments while crude fibre was between 20.10 and 21.40g/100g DM, ether extract ranged from 1.90 to 3.12g/100g DM and ash 7.77 to 12.34g/100g DM. Calcium ranged from (2.34 - 3.61%), magnesium ranged (2.90 – 3.48%), sodium (2.05 – 2.91%) and phosphorus (0.88 – 1.12%). It was observed generally that T2 recorded the highest among the treatments while the values obtained for the heat treated seeds were lower than the raw. Oxalates ranged between (0.23% - 0.32%), phytates (0.29 – 0.43%), tannin (0.03 – 0.08%) and saponnin (0.36 – 0.49%). Methane (ml/200mg DM) production indicated T3 (50% roasted Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum) was highest. The potential gas production 'a+b' ranged from 12.33 to 28.33mL/200mg DM). The highest potential gas production 'a+b' value of 28.33mL/200mg DM was obtained in T1 compared to other dietary treatment. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) ranged between 70.23 – 91.02% while the rate of fermentation was between 0.51 and 1.18ml/hr. The rate of fermentation was directly proportional to dry matter digestibility (DMD); the soaked recorded the highest value. Processing enhanced the nutritional contents of Delonix regia seeds. The result obtained showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. In conclusion, soaking the seeds of Delonix regia had beter nutritional contents and has the potential for dry season feeding.

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Microorganism profile, fermentation quality and rumen digestibility in vitro of maize-stalk silages produced at different maturity stages

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16324 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miao Zhang ◽

Yanping Wang ◽

Zhongfang Tan ◽

Zongwei Li ◽

Ya Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Lactobacillus Paraplantarum ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Fermentation Quality

This study aimed to investigate the microorganism profile, fermentation quality and rumen digestibility in vitro of maize-stalk silage at different maturity stages. Maize-stalk samples were harvested at the stages milk-ripe, dough, fully ripe, and fully ripe exposed to air for 3 or 10 days. Silage pH, ammonia-N and chemical composition were measured. Thirteen representative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from the raw materials were categorised into five profile clusters: Leuconostoc citreum (23.1%), Weissella paramesenteroides (15.4%), Lactococcus garvieae (23.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.7%), and Lactobacillus paraplantarum (30.8%). The total LAB numbers in silages with raw materials reaped at the stages milk-ripe, dough, fully ripe, and fully ripe exposed to air for 3 or 10 days, respectively, were approximately 8, 6, 10, 3.5 and 10 log CFU g–1. The dominant LAB types of maize-stalk silage at different stages were all different. The epiphytic pathogens Escherichia coli, aerobic bacteria, filamentous fungi and Saccharomycetes were found in silages of all stages. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in crude protein, ether extract, dry matter, acid detergent fibre and organic matter of silage at different stages; however, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in dry matter digestibility after 24 h of fermentation in vitro, with NH3-N varying from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.3 mg L–1.

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Differences in carbohydrate fractions between Lolium perenne and two tropical grasses of similar dry-matter digestibility

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600051340 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 449-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. N. McLeod ◽

D. J. Minson

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Tropical Grasses ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Chloris Gayana

SUMMARYFour samples each of Lolium perenne, Chloris gayana and Setaria splendida grown under similar conditions and having similar in vivo dry-matter digestibilities with sheep were used in a comparison of the chemical composition of tropical and temperate grass. L. perenne had less lignin, crude fibre, neutral-detergent fibre, acid-detergent fibre and cellulose than the two tropical grasses but more neutral-detergent solubles. In vivo digestibilities of the cell-wall polysaccharides of the tropical grasses were not reduced by their higher lignin contents. The digestibilities of the cell wall were generally higher than the digestibilities for the dry matter and neutral-detergent solubles. It is suggested that the effect of lignin on the digestibility of cell-wall polysaccharides is dependent on the area of protection, and better predictions may be achieved if the cell wall is divided into two fractions, an unlignified fraction that is completely digested and a completely indigestible fraction containing all the lignin.It is concluded that differences may be found in the carbohydrate composition of temperate and tropical grasses but that these differences may not cause differences in the overall in vivo digestibility of the dry matter.

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Laboratory analyses of the nutritional value of western Queensland browse feeds

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9790344 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 19 (98) ◽

pp. 344 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

WJF McDonald ◽

JH Ternouth

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Nitrogen Free Extract ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

Seventy samples of browse feeds, collected during late autumn and spring of 1971 from 42 western Queensland shrubs and trees, were subjected to laboratory analyses of the proximate fractions and in vitro digestibility. Crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen-free-extract fractions ranged between 65 and 242, 55 and 353 and 425 and 71 1 g kg-1 dry matter, repectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficients ranged between 0.22 and 0.86. Comparisons of 15 browse feeds collected in April-May and October indicated a higher crude protein content (P < 0.05) and in vitro digestibility (P .= 0.01) and lower crude fibre (P < 0.01) and ash (P < 0.01 ) content in spring samples for most species. Nine browse feeds of known in vivo dry matter and organic matter digestibility were subjected to in vitro digestibility analysis. Whilst the in vitro and in vivo dry matter digestibilities were similar (0.43 and 0.45, respectively) the mean in vitro organic matter digestibility was substantially lower than the corresponding in vivo digestibility (0.40 and 0.46, respectively).

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Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Major Feed Resources in Tanqua-Abergelle District of Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/5234831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Tikabo Gebremariam ◽

Shumuye Belay

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Feed Resources ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Mill Waste

Background. A detailed study on the feed quantity and quality is required to document the available feeds and their nutritional values. Aim. The study was aimed to investigate and document the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of major feed resources available in Tanqua-Abergelle district of central Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Methods. Ten different feed resources were evaluated for their nutritive values. Representative feed samples were collected and prepared following appropriate procedures. The samples were subjected to analysis of chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) using proper scientific procedures. Results. Wide variations were observed in nutritive values of the investigated feeds. The highest crude protein (CP) was measured in Atella (15.90%) followed by green grass (13.20%), mill waste (10.90%), groundnut straw (9.18%), and cowpea straw (8.11%) in descending order. Mill waste (11.84 MJ/kg DM) and Atella (11.81 MJ/kg DM) had the highest metabolizable energy (ME) followed by green grass (9.83 MJ/kg DM), groundnut straw (9.28 MJ/kg DM), Teff straw (8.56 MJ/kg DM), and cowpea straw (8.39 MJ/kg DM) in that order. The highest NDF was recorded in groundnut null (79.80%) and the lowest NDF in mill waste (35.00%) and Atella (40.60%). The highest IVDMD was seen in mill waste (81.43%) and Atella (81.21%) and the lowest in groundnut hull (39.95%). Conclusion. The nonconventional feeds have moderate protein and reduced fiber contents, and thus, they can be utilized as supplement for poor-quality feeds. These feeds need further investigation using animals to substantiate the current study.

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