scholarly journals Interaction of Different Water Amounts and Phosphorus and Magnesium Doses and Their Effects on Water-Yield Relations of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Arid Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Aise DELIBORAN ◽  
Erdal SAKIN ◽  
Hasan ASLAN ◽  
Ahmet MERMUT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
P Fertilizers

This field experiment examined the effects of magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers, which were given in different doses to soybean grown in different water levels, on plant water consumption, water-yield relations and grain yield factors. The experiment used a random blocks designed with three consecutive and was conducted over two years 2006 and 2007. Four different P doses (0-4-8-12 kg P da-1) and three different Mg doses (0-4-8 kg Mg da-1) were applied with three different water levels (I1, I2, I3). Cumulative pan values obtained from Class A Pan evaporation pool were applied as irrigation (I) 33% for I1, 67% for I2, 100% for I3. At the end of experiment were determined plant water consumption, water-yield relations and grain yield. At the start of irrigation, 548.00 mm, 786.00 mm and 1 017.00 mm of water were given to I1, I2 and I3 plots, respectively in the first year, and 457.98 mm, 698.02 mm and 931.00 mm irrigation water was given in the second year. Plant water consumption values (ETa) were determined as 648.00 mm, 903.00 mm and 1164.00 mm for I1, I2 and I3 parts in the first year, and 567.00 mm, 825.00 mm and 1070.00 mm in the second year. Moreover, according to experiment plots, irrigation water treatment efficiency (IWTE) varied between 0.14 and 0.53 kg m-3 in the first year and between 0.16 and 0.59 kg m-3 in the second year.

The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Levels on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Parameters of Silage Maize (Zea mays indentata Sturt.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah KARASU ◽  
Hayrettin KUȘCU ◽  
Mehmet ÖZ ◽  
Gamze BAYRAM
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

This research was conducted in Bursa, Marmara region, Turkey, in order to determine grain yield and some morphological traits which affect the silage maize response to different irrigation water amounts. The grains’ percentage of crude oil and of crude protein were determined. Field experiments were planned following randomized complete block design with three replications and included six irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments were created as water levels of pan evaporation (Epan) applied via drip irrigation [1.25 × Epan (I125), 1.00 × Epan (I100), 0.75 × Epan (I75), 0.50 × Epan (I50), 0.25 × Epan (I25) and 0 × Epan (I0)]. The highest value of grain yield was found to be 18,268 kg ha-1 in the I125 treatment, which represents excessive water. A quadratic relationship between grain yield and irrigation water applied was obtained. Deficit irrigation decreased grain yield and yield components except the percentage of crude oil and crude protein of grain, but improved the efficient use of irrigation water. Relationships between the grain yield and each yield component were positively significant. The highest correlation coefficient in the research gave the relationship between grain yield and plant height (r=0.957**). The results revealed that 1.25 × Epan and 1.00 × Epantreatments are preferable for higher yield. The results of this study also suggest that if water is limited, the application of 0.75 × Epan can be recommended as optimal treatment, because the best compromise among yield, yield components, quality and irrigation water use efficiency for maize was achieved with this application.

scholarly journals Water-Yield Relationships in Deficit Irrigated Onion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Serhat Ayas
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

This trial was realized in the greenhouses of Uludağ University Yenişehir Vocational School between 2009 and 2010 to investigate effects of water deficit on yield and quality parameters of onion during four crop growth stages. In this trial, fourteen irrigation treatments in four growth periods (establishment, vegetative, yield formation and ripening) of onion (Allium cepa L E.T Grano.502) were constituted and the yield and quality parameters found from these treatments were evaluated. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized block design with three replications for each of the fourteen irrigation treatments tested. According to the content of the treatments, the irrigation amount water applied to the plants varied between 0 and 436 mm in the first year, and between 0 and 448 mm in the second year. Water consumption of onion in the first year ranged between 205 and 496 mm and in the second year ranged between 210 and 502 mm. Yield, bulb weight, diameter, height and dry matter ratio were determined statistically significant. In 2009 and 2010 years, the maximum yield were found as 52.2 t ha-1 and 52.4 t ha-1 in E100V100Y100R100 treatments, while the minimum yield were found as 0.8 t ha-1 and 0.5 t ha-1 in the E0V0Y0R0 treatments, respectively. Water- yield relationship factors (ky) in 2009 and 2010 years were found as 1.03 and 1.04, respectively. The maximum WUE and IWUE values were obtained from establishment and ripening periods. Establishment and ripening periods may be suggested as the maximum efficient irrigation periods for the onion applied with drip irrigation under unheated greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Response of the Most Promising Wheat Genotypes with Different Nitrogen Levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
N. Rawal ◽  
D. Chalise ◽  
N. Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Silty Loam ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2013 and 2014 on the alkaline and silty loam soils of NWRP, Bhairahawa to study the interaction of the most promising wheat genotypes with different nitrogen levels under different agro-ecological zones and recommend the appropriate dose of nitrogen for newly released varieties. The experiment was laid out in split plot design: four nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) as a whole plot and six wheat genotypes (BL 3623, BL 3629, BL 3872, NL 1008, NL 1055 and Vijay) as a sub-plot which were replicated three times. There was significant effect of varieties and nitrogen levels on plant height, number of spikes, thousand grain weight and grain yield in both the years. In first year, the highest grain yield of 3.35 t/ha was obtained from the application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha with the genotype BL 3872 which is followed by the genotypes BL 3623 (3.15 ton/ha) and NL 1055 (3.05 ton/ha). Similarly in second year, the genotype NL 1055 gave the highest grain yield of 4.01 ton/ha followed by genotypes BL 3629 (3.83 ton/ha) and BL 3623 (3.81 ton/ha) from the application of nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha. Based on two years results, it can be concluded that N was a limiting factor in the productivity of wheat. Nitrogen @ 150 kg per ha produced higher yield and yield attributing characters. Similarly, the wheat genotypes NL 1055, BL 3629, BL 3623 and BL 3872 were superior among the genotypes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Grain Yield and Some Characteristics of Hulled, Durum and Bread Wheat Genotypes Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Atar ◽  
Burhan Kara
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Hulled Wheat ◽  
Hulled Wheats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Second Year

In spite of the low grain yield they produce, the hulled wheat have become even more important in recent years because of their resistance to negative environmental conditions and healthy nutritional content. The research was carry out in order to comparison the yield and yield characteristics of durum (Kiziltan-91 and C-1252), hulled (Einkorn and Emmer) and bread wheat (Tir) varieties in Isparta ecological conditions in 2013-14 and 2014-15 vegetation periods. In both years, the highest grain yield was obtained in Kiziltan-91 variety (3992 and 3758 kg ha-1 respectively). The grain yield of hulled wheats in the first year (Einkorn 1269 kg ha-1, Emmer 2125 kg ha-1) was around Turkey averages. However, grain yield decreased of commercial wheat varieties due to the negative effect of high amount of rainfall in June in the second year, but considerably increased in (Einkorn 2150 kg ha-1, Emmer 2533 kg ha-1). N uptake was found to be lower in the than durum wheats. In terms of grain protein content, the highest values were obtained in Emmer variety (16.4%-15.3%).

scholarly journals Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiencies of Silage Maize as Effected by Deficit Irrigation Treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Ali Beyhan Ucak ◽  
Tugay Ayasan ◽  
Nizamettin Turan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of different water deficit levels applied through growing season on silage yield, quality and water use efficiency (WUE) of main crop silage maize under semi-arid climate conditions during the years 2014 and 2015. Irrigation treatments were set as 100% (I100), 70% (I70) and 35% (I35) supply of depleted water within 0-90 cm effective root zone in 7-day intervals. Applied irrigation water quantities in I100(control) treatment of the first and second year (in 8 irrigations) were respectively observed as 693 and 666 mm. Plant water consumptions in control treatment were respectively measured as 770 and 738 mm. Silage yield was 10650 kg da−1 in the first year and 10600 kg da−1 in the second year. The silage yield obtained from I70 treatment with 30% water deficit was statistically placed in group (B) following I100 (control) treatment. The water deficits over 30% resulted in significant decreases in silage yield and quality. The correlation coefficient between ETa and dry matter was respectively identified as (r: 0.78), (r: 0.87) in 2014 and 2015 and the correlation coefficient between plant water consumption (ETa) and protein content was respectively identified as (r:0.81), (r:0.80) and the correlations between ETa and quality parameters were found to be positive and highly significant. There were significant linear correlations between ETa and kernel yield (Y). Yield response factor (ky) of experimental years were respectively calculated as 0.74 and 1.06. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) values varied between 3.80-5.10 kg da−1 mm and water use efficiency (WUE) values varied between 3.62 and 4.42 kg da−1 mm.

Irrigation strategy, nitrogen application and fungicide control in winter wheat on a sandy soil. I. Yield, yield components and nitrogen uptake

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. OLESEN ◽  
J. V. MORTENSEN ◽  
L. N. JØRGENSEN ◽  
M. N. ANDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
First Year ◽  
Irrigation Strategy ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

A three factor experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was carried out during two years on a coarse sandy soil in Denmark. The factors comprised four irrigation strategies including no irrigation, three nitrogen levels providing 67, 83 or 100% of the recommended nitrogen rate, and two strategies for control of leaf diseases (with and without fungicides). Different varieties were used in the two years, Pepital in the first year and Hussar in the second year. Mildew dominated the trial in the first year, but was almost absent in the second year. Septoria occurred in both years, but most severely in the second year. Irrigation increased grain yield, but there were no significant differences between the three strategies, where irrigation was applied. The effect of irrigation on yield was almost solely via an effect of increased transpiration, whereas water use efficiency and harvest index was unaffected. There was a significant interaction for grain yield between irrigation and nitrogen strategies with higher irrigation effects at higher nitrogen rates. This interaction was absent at high disease levels. Increasing nitrogen rate increased grain yield in the second year, but not in the first year. This was attributed to an increasing mildew incidence with increasing nitrogen rate. Irrigation also increased mildew incidence. This caused significant interactions for grain yield between fungicide application and nitrogen rate and between fungicide application and irrigation strategy. Septoria was also significantly affected by both nitrogen and irrigation strategies, but to a lesser degree and not in a consistent manner. The main effect of disease on grain yield was through a reduction in harvest index and a reduction in grain weight. Increasing nitrogen rates slightly reduced harvest index both on a dry matter and on a nitrogen basis. The interaction effects were smaller than the effects of the main factors, and the effect of changes in irrigation or nitrogen strategy on disease incidence could not substitute for the effective disease control obtained by fungicides. The results do, however, indicate possibilities of improving the efficiency of current decision support systems for both fungicide control by better timing of application and irrigation scheduling by reducing water application.

Effect of Bacterial Inoculation and Different Phosphorus Doses on Yield Components and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bildirici
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Number Of Branches

This research was carried out in 2014-15 to determine yield and yield components of Azkan chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties with four different phosphorus doses and rhizobium bacteria in Van-Gevaº ecological conditions. The experiment was established as a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the research indicated that inoculation and phosphorus doses affected plant height, height of first pods, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grain per plant and grain yield significantly. Grain yield averages ranged between 1556.10-1682.30 kg ha-1 in the first year and 1628.90-1677.30 kg ha-1 in the second year. When the results of inoculation and phosphorus doses were examined, the highest grain yield in both the years (1894.90-1867.70 kg ha-1, respectively) was obtained with 80 kg ha-1 phosphorus doses applied to inoculated plots. Increases in inoculation and phosphorus doses increased the grain yield.

scholarly journals Tolerance of upland rice genotypes to water deficit

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber M. Guimarães ◽  
Luís F. Stone ◽  
Paulo H. N. Rangel ◽  
Ana C. de L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Water Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Water Treatments

Water deficit is one of the environmental factors that cause a great reduction in the upland rice grain yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate genotypes of upland rice with broad genetic diversity for tolerance to this stress and to identify secondary traits for evaluation of this tolerance. Sixty-four genotypes were evaluated during two years at the Experiment Station of EMATER, in Porangatu, GO, under well-watered and water deficit conditions. The genotypes showed differences in grain yield and were influenced differently by the water treatments, both under a mild water deficit in the first year and under a severe one in the second year. The genotype grain yield under water deficiency was significantly and positively correlated with tiller fertility, number of panicles m-2, 100-grain weight, and plant height, and negatively with spikelet sterility and the number of days for the occurrence of 50% panicle emergence. It was also observed that the most productive genotypes under water deficit conditions showed lower leaf temperature, indicating improved water status. Nine genotypes were productive in both water conditions and three were productive only when well-watered.

Integrated weed management using row arrangements and herbicides in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Rao C. N. Rachaputi ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Second Year

In Australia, efforts are under way to revive the pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) industry, which has high export potential because of an increased demand in the international market. However, weeds are a major constraint to achieve high yield in pigeonpea. This study was designed to assess the effect of row arrangement and herbicide treatment on weed suppression and pigeonpea grain yield. Row arrangements included row spacing (narrow, 25 cm; wide, 50 cm) and paired rows (rows 25 cm apart within a pair, each pair separated from the next by 75 cm). Herbicide treatments were: untreated control; pre-emergent pendimethalin at 910 g a.i. ha–1; post-emergent imazapic at 84 g a.i. ha–1; and pre-emergent pendimethalin followed by post-emergent imazapic (rates as above). In the first year, Trianthema portulacastrum was the dominant weed, and infestation was 100% in the non-treated control plots. In the second year, other weeds (Setaria viridis, Eragrostis cilianensis and Chloris virgata) comprised 30% of the weed population. Averaged over row arrangements, grain yield varied from 2088 to 2689 kg ha–1 in 2017 and from 835 to 2145 kg ha–1 in 2018, and was lowest in the untreated control and highest in the plots treated with the sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. Averaged over years and herbicide treatments, yield was lower in paired rows (1850 kg ha–1) than in narrow (2225 kg ha–1) and wide (2165 kg ha–1) row spacings. In the first year, all herbicide treatments provided >50% control of T. portulacastrum in the narrow and wide row spacings and increased yield by >22% over the untreated control. In the second year, the single application of imazapic proved inferior for controlling weeds, resulting in a 21% reduction in grain yield compared with sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. In both years, grain yield was similar for the single application of pendimethalin and sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic. Despite the complex weed flora in 2018, the single application of imazapic provided acceptable weed control only when the crop was planted at 25 cm row spacing. Our results suggest that the single application of pendimethalin was effective on T. portulacastrum. However, in a complex weed flora situation, the sequential application of pendimethalin and imazapic provided effective weed control and resulted in improved yield.

scholarly journals Investigation On Selection Criteria For Drought Tolerance Of Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) In The North-West Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Oguz Bilgin ◽  
Ismet Baser ◽  
Kayihan Z Korkut ◽  
Alpay Balkan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Heading Stage

This study was carried out with 27 bread wheat genotypes during two crop seasons. The great variations were determined between first and second year means of genotypes for all characters. The correlation between grain yield and rate of water losses at heading stage, number of stomata and days to flowering in the first year were found significant and negative. The correlation only between grain yield and days to maturity was positive and significant in the second year. The highest direct positive effects on grain yield were computed for plant height in two years. Although rate of water losses at heading stage showed negative direct effect on grain yield in the first year, it influenced the grain yield positively in the second year. It can be concluded that plant height, days to flowering, maturity, and rate of water losses at heading stage might be effective selection criteria for drought tolerance in semi-arid regions, such as Tekirdag. Keywords: Bread wheat; flag leaf area; rate of water loss; glaucousness; stomata; grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i2.9257 BJAR 2011; 36(2): 291-303

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