Increasing yield, quality and profitability of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) under combinations of nutrient levels in fertiliser and planting density

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Chang Tian ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Jianwei Peng ◽  
Zhenhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crucial source of edible oil and livestock feeding, and is a promising biofuel crop. The increasing demand for oilseed rape requires strategies to increase yield while retaining quality. Field experiments were performed in southern China to evaluate the impacts of fertiliser level and planting density on dry matter accumulation, seed oil and protein content (%) and yield (per ha), oil quality, and the profitability of oilseed rape. Fertiliser treatments contained nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S) and boron (B) at four increasing rates, compared with nil fertiliser, and there were six planting densities (range 7.5–45 × 104 plants ha–1). Dry matter accumulation significantly (P < 0.05) increased in response to increasing plant population and fertiliser level, whereas harvest index decreased, suggesting that increasing the production of oilseed rape is limited to improvement of population quality. Seed oil and protein contents were significantly affected by fertiliser level rather than planting density. Increasing the fertiliser rate increased seed protein content, simultaneously slightly decreasing oil content. Glucosinolate content of rapeseed slightly decreased with increasing fertiliser but erucic and oleic acid contents were not affected, indicating that increasing the fertiliser rate might not reduce oilseed rape quality. Manipulation of fertiliser level was more effective than altering planting density for increasing seed oil and protein yields. Highest seed oil and protein yields resulted from the highest fertiliser application of 240 kg N, 52.4 kg P, 174.3 kg K, 15 kg S and 1.2 kg B ha–1, under a planting density of 22.5 × 104 plants ha–1. Maximum economic gain occurred with the two highest fertiliser levels, whereas planting density has no significant effect on profitability. A balanced application of NPKSB fertilisers should be employed with direct-sowing cultivation of oilseed rape, aimed at building a suitable population structure that balances plant population density and individual growth.

A synthesis-analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield response to planting density under intensive cropping system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rihuan Cong ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Jianwei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Population Yield

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal yield is dependent on the collocations between plant population and individual growth. High plant populations for direct sown winter oilseed rape would be a prevailing way to achieve high yield under intensive cropping systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We investigated the oilseed rape yield response to planting density while considering the productivity environment, nitrogen (N) fertilizer, and sowing date. A synthesis-analysis was conducted by collecting the density-yield data in the field experiments of oilseed rape from 2000 to 2016 in China. The population yield response to different planting density levels could be described by a quadratic model, with threshold value of 45-60 plant m<sup>-2</sup>, and excessive density may cause yield loss as the weak individual growth. High planting density has no remarkable influence on the attainable population yield due to the decreasing individual potential yield. The population yield increment capacity by the increasing planting density was higher in medium yield environment (i.e., average yield at 1500-2500 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). The planting density presented remarkably effect on population yield after the N limitation was relieved. Increasing planting density at 10<sup>4</sup> plants per hectare was equivalent to apply 1.17 kg N fertilizer on population yield, ranging from 0.42 kg to 4.76 kg under different yield environment levels. Yield loss caused by unsuitable sowing date (especially for the late sowing) could be compensated by increasing planting density.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Planting density played a crucial role in cooperating the other management practices. Optimizing the allocation of plant population and individual growth, establishing target plant phenotype under high planting density would help to achieve high population yield.</p>

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING PODS AND SEEDS OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) AS AFFECTED BY POD POSITION ON THE PLANT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DIEPENBROCK ◽  
G. GEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Plants of rape (Brassica napus L. ’Erglu’) were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The growth and composition of pods (hulls) and seeds was followed from the day when flowering took place to maturity. Pod development could be divided into three stages. In the first stage hull growth was more rapid than seed growth. Nitrogen accumulation in hulls occurred at a maximum and seeds were characterized by a high protein content but a low oil content and a fatty acid composition similar to that of photosynthetic tissue. During the second phase dry matter of hulls began to decrease, nitrogen was exported and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation grew to a maximum. At the same time the protein content of seeds declined while oil content increased rapidly. The fatty acid composition had reached the final condition. In the third stage hulls continued to lose dry matter and the rates of seed dry matter accumulation decreased dramatically. Pod growth was affected by the location of the pod on the plant. The individual seed weight and the fatty acid compvsition at 16 days after flowering indicated an accelerated development of seeds from axillary branches. Pods from the main branch generally produced the largest amount of seed dry matter. From these results the ideal high-yielding rape plant was characterized.

The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. W. LUTMAN ◽  
S. E. FREEMAN ◽  
C. PEKRUN
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Decline Curves

The present paper reports on three sets of experiments exploring the persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The first, where known numbers of seeds were buried in September 1991 in two field experiments, demonstrated substantial initial losses of seeds, such that only 0·2 and 3·8% of seeds were still present after 4 months. In these experiments, which were not disturbed by mechanical cultivation, there was little evidence of further decline over the following 13 months. In the second of the two experiments, seeds were then left undisturbed for a further 136 months. A mean of 1·8% of seeds were still present after this period, providing further confirmation of the lack of decline in seed numbers in these undisturbed conditions. In the second pair of experiments, known numbers of seeds of three rape cultivars were broadcast onto plots and then either ploughed into the soil immediately after the start of the experiments, or were exposed to weekly shallow tine cultivation followed by ploughing after 4 weeks. The former created a larger seedbank than the latter. The experiments were then ploughed, annually (Expt 1) or at less frequent intervals (Expt 2); appreciable numbers of seeds survived for 65 months in both. Calculations based on exponential decline curves indicated that 95% seed loss would take 15–39 months, depending on the site, cultivar and initial post-harvest stubble treatment. The third part of the paper is based on more detailed studies of persistence of seeds of six cultivars in Petri dishes and buried in 25 cm pots. This work confirmed that cultivars differed in their persistence, as Apex was confirmed as highly persistent, whereas Rebel was short-lived. There were inconsistencies in the response of cultivar Synergy between the Petri-dish and pot experiment, which need further study. This experiment also reinforced the conclusion of the initial field experiments that little seed loss occurs in the absence of cultivations. Appreciable numbers of rape seeds will persist up to 4 years, in normal cropping conditions and in the absence of cultivation one experiment has confirmed persistence for over 11 years.

Effects of Planting Density on Leaf Area and Productivity of Two Maize Cultivars in Nigeria

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Remison ◽  
E. O. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Cultivars

SUMMARYTwo maize cvs, FARZ 23 and FARZ 25, were grown at three densities (37,000, 53,000 and 80,000 plants/ha) in 1979 and 1980. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increase in plant population and was at a maximum at mid-silk. Grain yield was highest at 53,000 plants/ha. There was no relation between LAI and grain yield but there was a positive correlation between LAI and total dry matter yield.

scholarly journals Solar Radiation Effects on Dry Matter Accumulations and Transfer in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Weak Light

Solar radiation is the energy source for crop growth, as well as for the processes of accumulation, distribution, and transfer of photosynthetic products that determine maize yield. Therefore, learning the effects of different solar radiation amounts on maize growth is especially important. The present study focused on the quantitative relationships between solar radiation amounts and dry matter accumulations and transfers in maize. Over two continuous years (2017 and 2018) of field experiments, maize hybrids XY335 and ZD958 were grown at densities of 4.5 × 104 (D1), 7.5 × 104 (D2), 9 × 104 (D3), 10.5 × 104 (D4), and 12 × 104 (D5) plants/ha at Qitai Farm (89°34′E, 44°12′N), Xinjiang, China. Shading levels were 15% (S1), 30% (S2), and 50% (S3) of natural light and no shading (CK). The results showed that the yields of the commonly planted cultivars XY335 and ZD958 at S1, S2, and S3 (increasing shade treatments) were 7.3, 21.2, and 57.6% and 11.7, 31.0, and 61.8% lower than the control yields, respectively. Also, vegetative organ dry matter translocation (DMT) and its contribution to grain increased as shading levels increased under different densities. The dry matter assimilation amount after silking (AADMAS) increased as solar radiation and planting density increased. When solar radiation was <580.9 and 663.6 MJ/m2, for XY335 and ZD958, respectively, the increase in the AADMAS was primarily related to solar radiation amounts; and when solar radiation was higher than those amounts for those hybrids, an increase in the AADMAS was primarily related to planting density. Photosynthate accumulation is a key determinant of maize yield, and the contributions of the vegetative organs to the grain did not compensate for the reduced yield caused by insufficient light. Between the two cultivars, XY335 showed a better resistance to weak light than ZD958 did. To help guarantee a high maize yield under weak light conditions, it is imperative to select cultivars that have great stay-green and photosynthetic efficiency characteristics.

scholarly journals Organic Minerals Suitability Assessment on the Biochemical Characters of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.under Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Bhupesh Kumar Mishra Santosh Pandey ◽  
Arvind Kumar Ramesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Organic Minerals

An experiment has been conducted to assess the real time utility and abundance of organic minerals in cultivation of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of finding the effect of available soil organic minerals on various biochemicals or chemical characters including yield attributes. For the experiment, the cultivar namely RAJ-4037 which is best for dry land area and crop matures in 120 days. This variety is suitable for bakery and beverage industry, has been taken. The pre availability of manures were measured and the application of various fertilizers have been done as per the recommended dose for the cultivation. The data of various biochemical characters like Dry matter accumulation, Protein content, NPK in grain, NPK in straw, yield and biological yields have been recorded as per standard methods. The results revealed that organic minerals had a significant impact to influence the various biochemical traits such as dry matter accumulation maximum in FYM, Protein content (11.18), NPK (0.60; 0.35 and 0.36) were recorded maximum in vermin compost treatment.

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